yju irsj TOAN CAU HOAVA YEU CAU D6 I Mai GiAo DUG a VIET NAM NGUYEN T i n THU TRANG 1 ToE^n cau hoa Qua trinh toan cau hda Hien nay, toan chx hoa dang la xu the khdch quan, Idi cudn cac nuac, bao trum[.]
yju irsj TOAN CAU HOAVA YEU CAU D I Mai GiAo DUG a VIET NAM NGUYEN T i n THU TRANG ToE^n cau hoa Qua trinh toan cau hda Hien nay, toan chx hoa dang la xu the khdch quan, Idi cudn cac nuac, bao trum hau het c^c Imh v\rc, vua thuc dSy hop tdc, via tang siic 6p c^nh tranh v^ tinh thuoc Ian g i ^ nhieu quoc gia Qua trinh toan clu hoa c6 ini di6m chinh: tao kha nang phat trien, cap cong ngh$ thong tin va cac phuang tien viin thdng; hinh nen trinh te tri thuc, vol sif phan bi|t rd r^t vai tro cua tri thac doi voi san xudt ciia thoi dai so voi tniac kia; tao di6u ki?n cho viSc giao Itiu van hoa va tu tu6ng r^ng rSi, lam cho nguoi xich lai gSn hon; thuc dSy sir phdt trien kinh te, thuoFng mai vk tao kha nSng thvrc thi cac lu§t 16 Idnh tk khach quan mgt khong gian toan cau rong 16n; dem lai kha nfing giSi quylt mdt sd vdn dk chung dang doi m^t voi toan cau hoa kinh te va s\i phat trien xa hOi (1) B6n c^nh nhuug ini di€m, toan cau h6a dang dat cho cdc nuoc tr8n the gioi, dac bi^t la cic nude dang phat tri6n, nhGng thdch thiic vk nguy CO h^t siic to Idn Ve mat xa hoi, hien nay, cAc nu6c deu dang phai doi mat voi nhfing vin d% chimg sv phat tri6n kinh te quoc gia, nhu sinh thdi, nhiem moi tniong, can kiet tki nguyen, dan s6, siic khoe cong dong, sir phan hoa gidu ngheo, te nan xa hoi va tpi pham mang tinh qu6c tk Vk mat chinh tri, la nhiing thdch thi^rc nghiSm cua toan cau hoa doi voi chu quySn quoc gia, sir hoi nhap vk kinh tk ting len se keo theo h6i nhap ve chinh tri Voi logic d6, ngucri ta noi den su suy yeu cua mo hinh quoc gia dan tpc; vk sv phu thuoc lln cua cac quoc gia dan toe ban la de cap den su doc lap hoan toan ciia cac qu6c gia (2) Viec tham gia vac mang san xuSt va chu6i gia tri t o ^ cau da tro yeu cau doi voi cac nen kinh te S\[ tiiy thuQC lin nhau, hpi nh|ip, canh tranh, h(?p tdc giiia cdc nuoc cang tra ph6 biSn Kinh tk tri thiic phat trign m^inh, d6 ngu6i vk tri thuc c ^ g tra nhan t6 quy6t dinh s\r phat trien ciia m6i qu6c gia S6 1 Thang 3-20161 Qua trinh toan cau hoa a Viet Nam vd tde dong cita no tdi giao di^c Trong thdi d^i toan chx hoa dang di6n cang m?nh me trSn mpi ITnh vijc cia doi s6ng, ckc qu6c gia dang to lung tung, ma h6 vice xu ly v^ dinh hinh m6t chi8n luoc giao due tdng th8, dk c6 thk ddp ling nhiing thay d6i nhanh chong cua thcli dai Giao due a Vi8t Nam can c6 su thay d6i dk thich ling voi nhihig bi8n doi nhu vu bao cua khoa hpc cong nghe mm va sii to^n cSu hoa Co the noi, khoa hpc cong ngh6 phat trien manh me din d8n sy biing n6 tri thiic He qua l^ lam cho san xuat vk mpi ITnh vuc d^ s6ng van hoa, giao d^c sS phai d6i m6i nhanh chong vk n h ^ thiic cung nhu 16i s6ng cua c6ng d6ng D6 tranh khoi lac hau, thich ling kip thoi voi su thay d6i tiing ngay, tung gia cua san xuit cung nhu dai s6ng, ca nhSn vk c6ng dong, khong th8 kh6ng trang bj nhiing kien thiic, ky nang mai, diSu chinh ling xii phii hpp voi nhiing cai mai dang lien tuc xuat hi^n Qud trinh toan cau hoa yeu cSu n§n gido dye tri thiic cao v6i nhiing doi hoi: sy sdng tao (sdn xuit) tri thiic diln voi toe dp nhanh, quy mo Idn; vi$c sir dung ki^n thiic khoa hpc, cflng ngh§ vao sdn xudt tra nhu chx thu6ng nhat cila xS hoi; viec xu ly ehuyen giao ki^n thiic vk thong tin diln nhanh chong, rpng khip, nha vao su phat trien vuat b?c ciia h? th6ng cong cy hi8n dai, cong nghg th6ng tin c6 vai tro quyet dinh Di6u d6i hoi nganh gido di^c can doi mai vk tu duy, huang cpng d6ng ve mot xS hpi hpe t|.p vdi n ^ kinh tk tri thiic D6ng thM, cSn lam cho nhftng quan ni^m v^ van h6a cua nhan loai thay doi, chii dOng hpi nhSp va d6i thoai gifta cdc nln van h6a, de c6 thk s6ng bao dung v6i cdc gii trj van h6a cua cong d6ng khdc Nhiing d i ^ qua ciia khoa hoc, c6ng nghe, van hpc, ngh§ thu|it, y hpc, th6 thao noi chung \k nhiing tvm van boa ciia nhSn loai, doi hoi nguai phai hpc tap su6t doi mai thich nghi vol n8n van h6a hien dai cua th6 gidi Co so vat chat d^p i>ng yeu ciiu dao tao nguon nhan li^c giai doan moi Anh Gia Lipong So 381 • Th^ng 3-2016 VANP^ Nhiing nu6c cong nghiep phat tridn chSng nhiing chiem tuydt dai b6 ph$n tong s6 lugng tuyet doi kinh phi dhx tu cho nghien cuu va phdt tri^n (R+D) cua th8 gioi (3), mk la nhiing nSn kinh t8 c61>' 1§ chi phi cho R+D/GDP (hoac tren tong ngSn sdch qu6c gia) cao nh4t th8 gidi Chang ban, tdng chi phi nghien ciiu phat trien toan cSu thi 86% la a cac nude c6 thu nh§p cao, voi 37% tSp trung My, l a y Au, Bac MJ vk Nhat Ban, chiSm gSn 99% tong s6 dang k^ ban quyen phat minh a chSu Au vk Hoa Ky Don cu nhu Samsung, mpt thuong hidu n6i tieng toan cau M6i ngay, c6 ban 1/4 nhSn viSn Samsung (khoang 40.000 ngucri) tham gia nghi8n ciiu va phat tri6n nhiing th8 he san pham mai t6t han Moi nam, Samsung dlu tu it nhat 9% loi nhuan ttt bdn hang cho nhiing boat ddng R+D HiSn tSp doan Jiky c6 toi 42 vien nghien ciiu tren kMp the gioi dk dinh huang cho nhiing xu the moi cua thi truang (4) thu bfii cac ck nhSn, nhung vi8c dem lai Ipi ich kinh te thi khong chi mot ca nhan ma toan xk hdi dugc huang Tham chi, cang dugc nhi6u ngudi ti8u dung thi tri thicc cang tro nen giau c6 han, site sdng tao tri thitc moi cang manh me v^ rpng khap ban Tr8n thuc te, v6i su ho trg cua cdng nghe thong tin hien dai, nhung y tuong va k€t qua nghien cim khoa hoc cdng ngh€ hi chep r4t nhanh, khi8n cho t6c d6 ph6 bi6n cong ngh$ gia tang h^t siic manh mS, cho du vk mat ban quy6n, viec sdng tao (san xuSt) san phSm hang hoa tri thiic la loai hinh skn xakt dac thu, khong phai la san pham ciia lao ddng thong, mil la san phim cua cdng ddng nhiing ngudi cd kha nang sdng t^o va thudng \i nhftng ngucri dugc dao tao, cd trinh dp hoc vkn cao (5) Bk vugt qua dupe nhiing thach thuc, tan dimg ca hpi nay, moi ngudi, moi cdng ddng, qudc gia, dan tde d6u phai tang eudng giao due, hpc tap d6 nang cao dan tri, tao ngudn nhan lire Vi$c danh cho R+D nguon von I6n, mot mat cbSt lugng cao ph\ie vu cho syr phat tridn dkt kbiSn cho tri thiic dupe san xuit vai kh6i nude, giao luu hpi nhap khu vuc v^ qudc t% lucmg 1cm, toe dp cao, thai gian bien y tuong Y@u c^u ddi moi giao due boi khoa hpc san ph§m thuc tk dugc nit ngan canh toan cau h6a lai rat nhieu, nhanh chong dem lai phiic Igi xa Trong nhi6u thap ky qua, nen giko due Viet hOi; nhung m^t khae, eitng vi nhiing ly tren, Nam cd budc phit triSn, dat thilnh tim dang ghi vong dai ciia skn pham ckng ngin, t6c d5 nhan, gdp phan quan nang cao dSn tri, d^o mit gia cua tri thiic cung vi vSy ma cang tao nhan lue cho cdng eude xay dung, bao ve va tang Dieu khien cupc san lung tri thiic m6i doi mdi dat nude Nhung ddng thdi nen giao due cho muc tieu phat trien duang nhu chi la dang Sn chiia rSt nhiSu y6u kem, bat cap cuOe choi cua nhiing nen kinh tS c6 kha nang Noi dung, chuong trinh, phucmg phap giao chiu dung dupe nhtog chi phi t6n kem, cho d\x due cdn lac h|u, cham doi mdi, ch§m hiSn d?i n^u xet a g6e dO kinh doanh dai ban, chi phi cho hda, chua gSn chat vdi ddi sdng xa hpi va lao R+D dem lai nhi^u Igi nhuSn nhit ddng nghe nghi?p, chua phat huy tinh sang tao, ThS nhxmg, nhung nuac dang phat ttikn (hay nang luc thuc hanh cua hoc sinh, sinh vien c6 the noi la dang qak trinh cong nghiep Chat lugng giao due cd mat bi budng long, giam h6a) vin c6 kh6ng it ca hoi kinh tk tri thiic Slit, mdi quan tam nhieu den day chu, cdn dgy md Do \k, mpt da duoc cung cSp thi nguai va dgy nghe vkn yku kem; ySu vk gido tru6fng, tri thiic e6 thk dvcgc xem nhu m6t lo?i due tu tudng, dao dure, Idi sdng, lich sii dan tpc, hang hda cong Khac voi loai hang hoa lu nhan, tu sang tao, ky nang thue hanh, ky nang hang boa tri thiic mang hai dac tinh then ch6t sdng He thong giao due quoc dan khong hgp ciia hdng hda cong la: tinh khong loai trie va tinh ly, thieu ddng bo, chua li6n thdng, mat cdn ddi khong tranh gidnh Digu eo nghia la viec ti8u Ca ch6 quan l^ giao due cham ddi mdi, cdn dimg chiing mang tinh x5 h6i, si; ti8u diing cua nhi6u liing tiing, nhSn thiic rdt khdc nhau, nhSt nguai kb6ng loai trit, khong tranh gianh v6i la dieu kien kinh te thi trudng va hdi nhap s^r tieu dimg cua ngucri khac Gido due dugc tieu qudc te; chua theo kip su ddi mdi tren cac linb S6 1 ThSng 3-20161 nhap va hgp tde ciing vdi canh tranh qu6c tk v6 giao due, ddo tao tdng l€n Gido dye, ddo t^o ngdy cang gdn bd true tiSp, nhdn qud, hi^u qud ban vdi su phdt trien kinh tk, xd hOi, khoa hpc cdng ngb? Ca che phdt tri6n gido dye, ddo tJio cdng tuang thich vdi eo chi phdt trien kinh te, xa hpi; co che thi trudng, tinh chat djch vu va cung ling dich vy gido dye, ddo t^o ngdy cdi^ tang len tao sy doi mdi phuang tbtic thuc h i ^ phiic Igi xa hpi gido dye dk nang cao hi|u qud Xu hudng ddy m^nb xd hOi hda, ket hpp cdng - tu phdt triln gido dye, ddo t^o duyc ddy manh Gido dye cho ngudi Idn trd thdnh mOt nhu clu cdng tang, hinh thdnh nhu edu hpc tap sudt ddi, md nhd trudng vdi phuong thfte ddo tao truyin thdng kbdng dap ling dugc Bao dam Trong dd, qua trinh dich vy hda gido due vd ki6m dinh ebdt lugng gido dye, ddo tao trd gan vdi toan cau hda va hdi nhap qudc t8 ve giao thdnh vdn dk cua toan xa hOi, mpt nOi dung quan dye da lam cho chiic nang eiia giao due cd su ly nhd nude, gia tri qudc gia, diSu ki§n de md thay ddi, dupe nSng len mpt nac thang mdi rdng hgp tac qudc t6 (7) tuong quan vdi cdc ITnh vuc khac cua ddi sdng xa hpi Dd la chiic nang kinh tk, ddu tu, tao lap Tft dd, chiing ta thiy ddi mdi gido dye Vi^t gid tri mdi va ket noi xa hdi, canh tranh qudc Nam can nhin nh§n rd mpt sd dac dxkm Gido tk Giao dye khong cdn chi thuan tiiy la dao dye khdng cdn la dac quySn ddnh cho m^t bO t^o nhdn lye va phiic Igi xa hdi phan cd quyin, cd tien xS bOi md Id quyen Sv giao thoa, ddi tho?i, hpp tde, canh tranh cua mpi cdng dan, trude hit Id eiia trd em D^ng gifta cdc n ^ gido dye i^m cho nSn gido due eiia thdi, nghIa vy cua mpi cdng dan Id dk\x phdi thyc m§i nude vira cd gia tri dan toe, vira cd gia tri hien gido due bdt budc dk cd trinh dd ngdy cdng quoc te - nhan loai Su thdng, thua cua mpt nen cao Ciing vdi nhiing cam ket cita Chinh phu vd gido due khong phai chi d chiem ITnh thi phan sy giac ngO, hoc t^p da trd thdnh nhu cau thyc gido dye Idn hay nhd, trinh dO cao hay thSp, ma su cua ngudi ddn, viec thyc bi?n quyen Igi v^ cdn d ch§ bi§t ti6p thu, phdt huy cd hieu qud nghIa vy bgc tap ngdy cdng dupe ph6 biln, h i ^ nhftng gid tri tich cue, tien tien ban cua cac n6n thyc hda thuc tien phdt trien gido dye D6i gido dye khdc Nam chac, phat huy nhiing gid tugng cua gido dye ciing thay ddi, khdng chi c6n tri ciia dan tgc, ti6p thu cd ehpn Ipc cac gid tri la tre em, md Id mpi cd nhan, thdnh vi6n qudc tk d€ hOi nh^p cd hieu qua la hudng di cin cdng dong, xa hOi Gido dye khdng chi nham phdt triln nhdn cdcb ciia the h^ trd md cdn ndng ehii trpng Do nhung thay ddi vk ehiic nang, co ch6 phdt cao ddn tri, ddo tao nhdn luc, hh\ dudng nhSn trien giao due gan lien vdi trinh dd phdt trien cao tdi Cac boat dgng gido dye dugc md rpng, cua nen kinh tk, xa hpi vd cdc linh vuc khac, giao khdng chi ddng khung nhd tnrdng md trd dye tren th6 gidi dang dien nhftng xu hudng mdt ITnh vyc ho?it dpng thu hiit sy quan mdi can dugc nhan thiic dSy dii va sau sdc Dd tam, sy ddu tu ngudn lire tft mpi phia eua xa hpi la xu hudng dai cbiing hda; xu hudng da dang Nhieu ITnh vuc khoa hpc tham gia vdo nghi£n hda cdc loai hinh, phuang thiic giao dye, dao ciiu, ly giai nhiing vdn d6 bite xiic ciia gido dye tao, phat triSn dao tao tii xa, qua mang, thay ddi Trilt hpe, xd hdi hoc, kinh tl hpc, d^o diic hpc, chiic nang, md hinh cua cdc co sd giao due dao nhan hpc va nhieu ngdnh khoa hpc xd h$i khdc tao; xu hudng toan cau hda, khu vuc hda, hpi diu phai nhap cuOe, tham gia dS ly gidi nhihig vuc khac ciia ddt nude Dpi ngii can bd qudn ly gido di^c va giao vien cdn nhiSu bat cap, dao diie va nang luc eua mdt bg phdn cdn thap Chua nhan thiic ddy du, dung dan v6 cdng tac xd hpi hda giao due; dinh budng lien k6t vdi nude ngodi phat tnkn giao due cdn nhieu hgn chi, chua xae djnb ro phuong cham Tu gido dye cham ddi mdi, chua theo kip y6u cau ddi mdi, phat trifin dat nude bdi canh pbdt triln kinh te thi trudng va hpi nhap qudc te; khoa hpc giao dye chua dugc quan tam dung miic, ehdt lugng nghien cuu khoa hpc giao due cdn nhiSu bdt cap Mpt sd chinh sdch ve gido dye cdn chii quan, y chi, xa th\rc te, tbiSu sv ddng thuan cua xa hdi (6) • a So 381 ThSng 3-2016 VANO£ hien tugng gido dye, d§c bi§t nhftng thdnh tyu cua cdng ngh$ thdng tin dugc dp dyng cdng rgng rai dk ndng cao hi$u qua eiia qua trinh giao dye, ddo tao Vai trd, vi tri ngudi gido vi6n ciing cd nhftng thay doi cdn bdn va ngdy cdng quan trpng Ngudi gido vi&i khdng chi thudn bay truyln dat kien thuc md cdn giiip cho hpc vien cd cdcb thftc tiep cdn cdc kien thiic r^ng Idn b8n ngodi nhd trudng Gido vien vd ngudi hpc cSn cd su trao ddi, hgp tde, kbdm phd vd sdng tao Gido vi6n khdng chi thudng xuyen kiSm tra, ddnh gid vk phuang phdp hge tdp ma cdn ddng vien sy cd gang, biing thu hpc tdp cua hpc vi8n qua trinh day hpc Quan trpng la giao vi8n vd hpc vien cd su trao ddi, danh gid xem hpc vien hpc dugc nhung gi, hpc nhu thi ndo, mftc van dyng sao, sy sang tao ciia bp cd dugc pbdt huy Mye tieu la de hpe vi8n that su yeu ngoi trudng ciia minh, xem mai tnrdng Id noi thdt su gan gui; dl gido viSn cdng gdn bd vdi ngdi trudng eua minh vd thyc sy cdm nhdn rang: cdng ySu ngudi bao nhi8u, cdng yeu nghl bay nhieu Tilp tyc ddi mdi m ^ mS phuang phdp day vd hpe theo hudng hi^n dai; phdt huy tinh tich cue, chu dgng, sdng t?o vd v^n dyng kiln thftc, k^ ndng ciia ngudi hpc; khdc phyc loi truyen thy dp dat mpt cbilu, ghi nhd mdy mdc T^ip trung day cdch hpe, cdcb nght, khuyin khich tu hpc, tao CO sd de ngudi hpc ty cap nhat va ddi mdi tri thftc, k j ndng, phdt triln nang lye Chuyin tu hpc cbii yeu tren Idp sang to chiic hinh thuc hpc tdp da dang, chii -y cdc boat d$ng xd hdi, ngoai khda, nghien ciiu khoa hge Day manh ung dung cdng ngb$ thdng tin, truyin thdng day vd hpe Gido dye cd nbi^m vy chudn bi luc lugng tucmg lai cho xd h^i, dd, ddi mdi gido due phdi xde dinh vd budng tdi md hinh xd hpi tuong lai NIU kbdng cd nhan thiic ddy dii ve cuge sdng, khdng thay ddi nhftng quan ni^m ca bdn thi khdng cd edi each gido dye Bdi gido dye vl bdn chat Id dinh budng cdc ndng iuc pbdm chdt, ndng lye kinh tl, ndng luc song ciia ngudi Toan c§u hda Id ca hpi, xu thi tdt ylu, diln tren tdt ca cac ITnh vuc chii y8u cita ddi sdng xa hdi hien dai: kinh te, van hda, gido dye , tde dpng tryc tiep d8n ngudi Bdi ngudi vfta Id chii nhan, vfta Id muc dich, phuang tien, dOng luc ca ban va ben vftng cua su tang trudng kinh te Kinh tl tdng trudng mang lai su gidu cd ve vat chat, suy cho ciing, khong ngodi mye dich ddp ling tdt ban cac nhu edu sdng cua bdn than eon ngudi Vay ngudi khdng chi la dpng lye ma cdn la muc tieu eudi cung eua pbdt trien kinh te Vi the, dau tu cho phat triln ngudn nhdn lire chat lupng cao chinh la dau tu cho gido due eon ngudi mang l^i hi8u qua kinh te cao, tiet kipm dugc viec khai tbde sii dung cac ngudn luc khac Kinh nghiSm tft nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi cho thay ddu tu vao gido due cho phat trien ngudn lye ngudi mang lai tde dp tdng trudng kinh tl cao vd dn dinh han Mat khdc, hieu qud dau tu cho phdt trien ngudi cd dp Ian tda ddng deu, mang lai su cdng bang hem vl ca bdi pbdt trien ciing nhu viec budng thy cdc Igi ich cita su phdt trien Vi vay, viec dau tu cho gido dye ngudi vd phat triln ngudi la dieu bet sue cdn thiSt vd khdng nen chd dgi • N.TTT 1, Nguyen Thi Dao, Toan cdu hda, or k^i vd fhdch thifc ddi v&i ngdnh thdng tin thtr vifn Vift Nam, nlv.gov.vn Theo Wikipedia, R+D la td viH tit ciia Research va Development - nghien cihi v^ phat trien, bao gom vi^c dau tu, tien hanh va/hoac mua ban cac nghien cihi, cong ngh| moi phiic vu cho qua trinh ton tai, phat triSn ciia doanh nghifp Cong tac nghien cihi va phdt trien ciing nham kham pha nhung tri thiic mai ve cac sin phim, qua trinh, dich vu, sau ap dung nhiing tri thiic de t^o san phSm, qua trinh va dich vi^ moi, co tinh cai tien de dap ung nhu cau cua khach hang ho^c ciia thi tmcmg t6t hon baodatviet.vn Biii Tat Thang, Toan cau hoa Idnh le vd cff may ciia cong nghifp hoa rut ngSn & Vi^t Nam, Tap chi Nghien cuu Kinh ti, s6 314,7-2014 7.giaoduc.net S6 3811 Thang 3-20161 ...Qua trinh toan cau hoa a Viet Nam vd tde dong cita no tdi giao di^c Trong thdi d^i toan chx hoa dang di6n cang m?nh me trSn mpi... giao due tdng th8, dk c6 thk ddp ling nhiing thay d6i nhanh chong cua thcli dai Giao due a Vi8t Nam can c6 su thay d6i dk thich ling voi nhihig bi8n doi nhu vu bao cua khoa hpc cong nghe mm va... (khoang 40.000 ngucri) tham gia nghi8n ciiu va phat tri6n nhiing th8 he san pham mai t6t han Moi nam, Samsung dlu tu it nhat 9% loi nhuan ttt bdn hang cho nhiing boat ddng R+D HiSn tSp doan Jiky