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110 TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRJONG DAI HOC MO TRHCM SO 3 (36) 2014 TIM HIEU Sir TU HOC MON PHl/ONG PHAP G L 4 N G DAY CIIA SINH VIEN CHUYEN NGANH GIANG DAY TIENG ANH THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI Ngay nhan bai 31/03/[.]
110 TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRJONG DAI HOC MO TRHCM - SO (36) 2014 TIM HIEU Sir TU HOC MON PHl/ONG PHAP G L N G DAY CIIA SINH VIEN CHUYEN NGANH GIANG DAY TIENG ANH THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI Ngay nhan bai : 31/03/2014 Ngay nhan lai : 07/04/2014 Ngay duyet dang : 05/05/2014 ^U^^ '^ p^^^ j-f^j j/j^ jyfg^i TrSn Vo Diim ThuyDuong Dodn Hodng Truc^ TOM T A T Muc tieu cua nghiin cihi trinh bdy bdi bdo ndy la tim hieu thuc trgng ve su tu hgc cua sinh vien chuyen ngdnh gidng dgy tieng Anh suot khoa hgc ve Phucmg phdp gidng dgy tieng Anh (phdn J) Boi tugng nghien cuu Id 90 sinh vien cda hai l&p dang theo hgc ndm thu ba vdo hgc ky I cua ndm hgc 2012-2013 Ba nguon die lieu dugc thu thdp gom co: quan sdt sinh vien tap gidng, kit qud bdi kiim tra giUa ky vd phiiu khdo sdt Kit qud phdn tich die lieu cho thdy mdc dit da so sinh vien y thuc cao vai tro tu hgc nhdm phdt triin ndng luc chuyin mon nhieng 90% sinh vien da khong ddnh th&i gian di tu hgc dting theo quy dinh cua hgc chi tin chi Ngodi ra, sinh viin khong ddnh gid cao tinh dgc lap vd thoi quen tu hgc cua hg Kit qud bdi kiim tra giiea ky vd quan sdt sinh viin tap gidng cho thdy sinh viin chi dgt dugc 50% muc tieu md gidng vien di doi v&i cdc hogt dgng tu hgc Do do, nhom tdc gid de nghi nha tru&ng cdn phdi co bien phdp ho trg gidng viin qudn ly th&i gian tu hgc vd ddnh gid cdc hogt dgng hgc tap cua sinh viin ngodi gi& len lop Tur khoa: Sinh vien chuyen nganh giang d?iy, tu hgc, hgc chi tin chi, cac hoat dgng tuhgc ABSTRACT The aim of this study is investigating teacher trainees' autonomy during the English Language Teaching Methodology Course (I) Participants included ninety students fi-om two classes in the first semester of the academic year 2012-2013 The data were collected by different methods such as observation, the midterm test and questionnaire The analysis of the survey data shows that in spite of high awareness of autonomy in developing their professional competence, 90% of them did not spend enough time on self-study as required in the credit-based training system Also, they did not highly self-assess their independence and study habits The interpretation of the data from the instructor's observation and the midterm test also reveals that these students satisfied only 50% of the aims set for autonomous learning tasks: (1) required reading and (2) lesson plan preparing for micro teaching As a result, it is recommended that there should be some measurements to support the lecturer to manage students 'studying time and evaluate their autonomous learning activities after class Keywords: teacher ttainees, autonomy, credit-based training system, autonomous learning activities ^ Tntang Dai hoc Ma TP.HCM GIAO DUC - XA Hpl I.DATVANDE Nam 2007 Bd Giao due va Dao tao ban hanh "Quy chi Bdo tgo Bgi hgc vd Cao Bdng he chinh quy theo hi thong tin chi (TC)" hay ggi la Quy chi 43 Dac diem quan ttgng nhlt ciia hgc chi la lam cho mdi ngudi hgc cd thi hgc theo nsng luc va diiu kien ciia rieng minh Dac diem huge ngudi day phai ap dung phuong phap giang day (PPGD) giiip cho smh vien (SV) phat huy dugc tinh tu chu va giiip hg biet cdeh hgc di tu hgc Ciing vdi xu budng nay, viec giang day ngoai ngir, dac biet la tieng Anh, nghien ciiu ve viec tu hgc, tinh tu chii ciia ngudi hgc dao tao theo phuong thiic TC dugc nhieu giang vien ciing nhu chuyen gia giao due quan tim Tmh hinh nghiin cuu nu&c: Le (2010) ling dung chien luge CREAM d6i vdi 48 SV nam thu nhlt he Cao Dang nganh Su pham (SP) tieng Anh tai trudng DH Su Pham Hui cho thay thii thach ldn nhat cua cic SV hgc tieng Anh la thieu phuong phap (PP) hgc tap hieu qua; Le (2010) ket luan ky nang ngon ngir ciia SV dugc cai thien sau mgt hgc ky (theo kit qud tu ddnh gid cua SV) Mdt nghien ciiu khac ve tinh ty chii cua SV ttong hgc chi TC Nguyin (2010) va cgng sir thuc hien tai Khoa Ngoai Ngii (NN)-Trudng DH Md Tp.HCM Kit qua cho thay dii tinh tu chii ciia ngudi hgc khda TC so vdi khoa hgc phin hau nhu vugt hon ttong khoang bdn phan nam (4/5) cac ngi dung nghien ciiu, nhung su khac biet CO y nghTa chi khoang mgt phan ba (1/3) ttong nam mdn hgc ciia nam thii nhat dac biet la phan quy dinh tu hgc va mgt so ngi dung hai mon nghe-ndi va dgc hieu dugc xem nhu cong ciia hgc che TC Trinh (2010) - DH Cin Tho kit luin ttong hoan canh Viet Nam nang lyc tu hgc cd thi dugc phat trien thdng qua viec iing dung hgc tap ty diiu chinh Ttnh hinh nghien cieu ngodi nu&c: Sau nghien ciiu su tu hgc ttong mgt khda hgc ve PPGD ngdn ngii danh cho giao vien day tieng Anh bac lieu hgc va trung hgc, Cotterall (2004) di nghi giao vien nen khuyen khich ngudi hgc: (1) xay dung muc tieu hgc tap lau dai de ttong qua ttinh hgc tip hg se diu tu nhieu vao cac boat ddng hgc tip nham linh hgi dugc nhiing ky nang ma hg can, va (2) suy ngim ky lai nhiing gi minh da lam bdi vi sy suy ngam la mgt yeu td then chot ttong viec nang cao kha nang lam viec va hgc tip mgt each dgc lip cua ngudi hgc Dir lieu phin tich dinh tinh va dinh lugng cua Sert (2006) cho thay dudng nhu SV SP Anh tai mdt trudng DH d Thd NhT Ky chua xac dinh minh phai hgc cai gi va hgc nhu the nao de dat hieu qua cao ty hgc Tac gia chi rang nhimg SV thieu kha nang tu danh gia viec theo doi qua ttinh ty hgc Vdi ket qua tim dugc, Sert da dua gia thuyet rang, can phai gitip cho ngudi hgc ning cao nhan thiic vi viec ty hgc cua hg va ngudi hgc nhan thirc tot hg se ning cao kha ning ty kiem soat viec hgc ciia minh va ning gdp phan tao dgng luc giiip hg hgc dat bieu qua cao hon (Sert, 2006) Kojima (2007 & 2008) tai Nhit Bin cho biet iing dung hudng tiep can CAJU(C^ collaborative leaming-hgc tap cgng tac, A^ autonomous learning- ty hgc va RL= Reflective learning- hgc tu du}) co hieu qua ttong viec nang cao nang luc chuyen mdn va su hgc tip nghien ciiu dgc lip ctia SV chuyen nganh giang day tiing Anh Endo (2010) dNhit Ban kit luin ring mudn cd nhieu tien bg giang d^y haj' ty hgc them de nang cao tay nghe, giao vien cin phai theo ba budc: (1) sogn gido dn; (2) thuc hien bdi gidng; (3) xem lgi bdi gidng di rut kinh nghiem Endo (2010) ggi budc thii ba la "reflection'' Theo Endo xem lai bai giang ciia minh giao vien se TAP CHf KHOA HOC TRUONG DAI HOC MO TRHCM - s'6 (36) 2014 danh gia cac budc len Idp len cung nhu ngi dung giang day mdt each khach quan hon va giiip hg thiit ki nhung bai giang hay va phil hgp ban bai trudc Mgt nghi6n ciiu khac vi niim tm cua 112 SV tieng Anh ddi vdi viec ty hgc khac dugc thyc hiSn bdi Bal9ikanli (2010) tai Khoa SP Anh cua trudng DH Gazi -Thd NhT Ky Kit qua cho thiy nhiing SV cd thai tich cyc ddi vdi viec ty hgc Theo ket qua nghien ciiu ly luan ciia hai tac gii Mascaskill va Taylor (2010), chua CO nhiing PP ludng tam ly hgc mgt each hoan chinh mac dii cac PP ludng rat quan ttgng ddi \ di viec ty hgc Tuy nhien, Mascaskill va Taylor (2010) ket luan thang 12 tieu chi cd y nghia ttong viec ludng sy tu hgc ve mat tam ly ciia SV Tom lgi, cac nghien ciiu ttong nudc tap trung vao cac mdn hgc ve k;^ nang ngdn ngii, chua cd nhieu ngbien ciiu sy tu hgc ciia SV mdn chuyen nganh Hon niia, cac nghien ciiu d nude ngoai ciing chua thay sy danh gia cua giang vien ddi vdi cac boat hgc tap ciia SV ngoai gid len ldp Tir nhimg ket qua nghien cuu tten va thyc te tai DH Md Tp.HCM, phuong thtic dao tao theo he thong TC da dugc ap dung tii nam hgc 2009-2010, nhdm nghien ciiu xet thSy nghien ciiu tim hieu ve sy ty hgc cua SV qua giang vien cd co sd de nghien ciiu lai ndi dung tu hgc cung nhu each hudng dan SV ty hgc dat hieu qua cao la mgt ttong nhiing van de cip thiet hien nham nang cao chat lugng dao tao cua nha trudng Muc tieu ciia nghien ciiu tun hieu thyc ttang ve sy ty hgc ciia SV hgc mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt nham tim hieu nhan thiic cua SV ve tam quan ttgng cua sy ty hgc, va tinh ddc lap nhu thdi quen ty hgc cua SV ngoai gid len ldp Cac hoat dgng tu hgc cua S V hgc mon PPGD tieng Anh mgt bao gdm dgc them tai lieu tham khao bat buoc theo de cuong mon hgc va ty tim tai lieu thiet ke bai giang theo mdt PPGD da dugc phan cdng Cdu hoi nghiin cieu: Sinh vien ty hgc cac ngi dung dugc phan bd de cuong mon PPGD tieng Anh mdt nhu thi nao ngoai gid Ien ldp? De tim cau tta Idi ciia cau hdi ciing nliu muc tieu de ra, nhdm tac gia six dung ba cau hoi dinh hudng sau day: Sinh vien co y thiic dugc tam quan ttgng cua cac boat ddng tu hgc quy dinh ttong di cuong mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt dugc thiit ke theo phuong thiic dao tao TC hay khong? Sinh vien ty danh gia tinh dgc lap ttong hgc tap va thoi quen tu hgc ciia hg nhu the nao? Theo sy danh gia ciia giang vien sinh vien ty hgc co dat dugc muc tieu ma giang vien de hay khdng? COSOfLYLUAN TIT hoc bgc che tin chi (TC) Theo Quy che 43 ciia Bg Giao due va Dao tao, dan vi TC dugc xac dinh dya tten khoi lugng lao dgng hgc tap ciia mdt SV trung binh, va thudng dugc dinh nghTa nhu sau: "«ew mon hgc co mgt gi& len ldp (50 phiit) mgt tudn keo ddi mgt hgc ky 15 tudn thi dugc tinh mgt tin chP\ Ngoai ra, dinh nghia TC chi cdn dugc bd sung mgt ve quan ttgng nhu sau: "di dam bao mgt gid hgc d ldp cin it nhit hai gid hgc ca nhan" Theo dinh nghia (Lim, 2011), TC bao gdm mdt phan noi la mgt gid hgc d ldp va mgt phan chim la hai gid chuan bi ca nhin Ket qui hgc tap ciia S V phai dugc danh gia thudng xuyen ttong tiin ttinh (formative) de thu dugc cac phan hdi nhlm dieu chinh thudng xuyen viec day va hgc; va danh gia tdng kit (summative) dk ghi nhan viec tich liiy dugc cac hgc phin Mgt yeu cau quan trgng ciia danh gia tdng kit la phai danh gia dugc kit qua hgc tap lien quan den phin kien thiic co ban (phin ndi) hgc tren ldp va kiin thiic md rgng (phin chim) tu hgc d nha (Lam 2011) GlAO DUG - XA HOI Cac dinh nghia ve tu hgc Thugt ngir ttf hoc: Cd nhieu dinh nghia khac ve thuat ngii "ty hoc"(autonomy) Theo ty dien Oxford danh cho ngudi hgc d trinh nang cao, ''autonomy" cd nghTa la khd ndnghdnh dgng vd dua quyit dinh md khongbi kiim sodt b&i bdt ky mgt ddi tugng ndo (cd the truy cap tai dia chi www.oaldS.oxfordlearnerdictionaries com) Cdn ty dien tiing Anh cua nha xuit ban Mamillan, thuat ngii dugc dinh nghta la khd ndng dua cdc quyet dinh cua riing cd nhdn ndo (dinh nghia citng cd the tim thiy d trang www Macmillandictionary.com) Trong ty dien thuat ngu: dugc sii dung ttong giing day ngon ngii tiing Anh Thombury (2006) dinh nghia "autonomy" la khd ndng chiu trach nhiem vd kiim sodt vice hgc cita bgn tru&ng hgc hay tgi mgt ca s& gido diic hogc boi cdnh hodn todn khong phu thugc vdo ngu&i dgy hay mgt ca quan qudn ly gido due Theo Thombury, tu hgc hay "autonomy" ddng nghia vdi cum tir ''self-directed learning" Cac nha phe bmh khong dong tinh vdi phong ttao ty hgc thi tranh luan rang khai niem ty hgc doi vdi ngudi hgc la mgt sy mau thuan ttong cac thuat ngu bdi vl neu ngudi hgc co the ty hgc, hg se khong can theo hgc bat ky mgt khda hgc ngdn ngii nao tii dau Tuy nhien, Thombury cho rang tit ca ngudi hgc nao ciing ttii qua mgt giai doan nao ttong qua ttinh hgc ma hg cin lam viec mgt each dgc lap vdi thay cd va ban be (2006:22) 113 Dickinson(1987:ll}' mo td tu hgc nhu mgt dnh huong md ngu&i hgc hodn todn chiu trdeh nhiem cho tdt cd cdc quyit dinh CO lien quan den viic hgc vd chiu trdeh nitiim thuc hiin nhieng quyet dinh (trich lai tir Benson, 2006) Theo Benson, ty hgc la mgt sy cdng nhin nhimg quyin ban ciia ngudi hgc ttong cac he thdng giao due (ttich tir Wikipedia) Benson (2006) cho ring dinh nghia "tu hgc" cua Holec (1981) co anh hudng nhieu nhit va dugc nhieu nha nghien ciiu sii dung bdi vi diem manh ttong dinh nghia ciia Holec (1981) la nd dugc dya tren gia thuyet ngudi hgc khong tu phat ttien nang Iuc ty hgc, nhien hg bi dat vao nhung tinh hudng ma hg khdng co su lya chgn nao khac ngoai viec phai ty hgc va diy la mgt nhimg sy phat trien cd y nghia quan ttgng doi vdi dinh nghia tu hgc ban 30 nam qua Benson (2006) ciing nhan xet rang Holec (1981) chi mfi ta viec ren luyen ty hgc ban la chinh sy tu hgc Co nghia la dinh nghia vS tu hgc cua Holec chi giai thich nhiing thii ma mpt ngudi ty hgc CO the lam dugc chir khong ly giai dugc Iam the nao de anh/chi ta co the lam dugc Mgt vin de niia Benson (2006) dua la: "Nhitng yeu to quan nhdt cua su tu hgc ngon ngii- chinh xac la gi?" Theo tie gia thi van chua co dugc mdt ket luan rd rang va rat khd xac dinh dugc cac yeu to quan ttgng ciia su tu hgc; nhien nhiiu tac gia da dat dugc mgt sy dong thuin- dd la cd nhieu mirc ty hgc theo Nunan (1997:192) va hanh vi cua ngudi Cac chuyen gia ITnh vuc giao ty hgc cd the dudi nhieu hinh thiic khac due va giang day ngdn ngii cd nhieu dinh nhau, thugc vao tudi, sy tien bg ma nghTa khac ve ty hgc Theo Holec ngudi hgc dat dugc ttong qua trinh hgc va (1981) ty hgc la khd ndng chiu trach cai ma hg tiep nhan tu nhu ciu hgc trudc nhiim cho viec hgc cita rieng mgt cd nhdn mit (Little, 1991-trich dan lai tii Benson ndo Little (1991) cho rdng 2006) tu hgc Id mot thugc tinh tdm ly co lien Nunan (1997:195) dua md hinh ty quan din qua trinh vd ngi dung hgc, vd hgc vdi nam cip khac cua boat TAP CHl KHOA HOC TRL/CiN(^ DAI HOC MO TRHCM - SO (36) 2014 ddng ty hgc: (1) nhdn thirc (awareness): (2) tham gia (involvement): (3) dieu chinh (intervention); (4) sdng tgo (creation): va (5) ieng dung (transcendence) Theo Nunan (1997) mdi cap ty hgc deu gan lien vdi hai mat la ngi dung va qiQ! trinh tu hgc Ngoai ra, hai tac gja Reinders & Balcikanli (2011) de nghi tam giai doan ciia qua trinh ty hgc bao gom: (1) xac dinh nhu cau hgc tap; (2) xa>- dung muc tieu; (3) len ke hoach hgc; (4) chgn tai lieu bgc tip; (5) chgn PP hgc; (6) ling dung - sir dung ngdn ngir ha}- thyc nghiem; (7) theo doi sy tien bd- tu hoac nhd ddng mdn nhan xet; va (8) danh gia lai qua trinh va dn tip Tinh doc lap cda ngudi hoc Theo Moore'* khai niem tinh dgc lap ciia ngudi hgc bao gdm hai yeu td: ngudi ty hgc it nhat da phat trien kha ning kiem soat boat ddng hgc ciia hg va mdi trudng hgc tap tao nhieu ca hdi cho ngudi hgc kiem soat viec hgc ciia hg; De phat trien kha nSng ddi hoi nhieu pham chat ca nhan ciia ngudi hgc nhu su tu tin, dgng luc, nam ldy vd nitdn trdeh nhiim, vd khd nang tiin phong hgc tap, va nhieu thii khac nhu la ky nang hgc thuat, nang lyc tri me, ky nang hgc dgc lap va ky nang hgc nhdm (Ivan Moore) Hai tac giaMacaskill \a Ta>ior (2010) cho ring nhieu >'iu td cdt loi khac nhu: trdeh nhiem cho viec hgc su sdn sang don nhan kien thiic tir nhimg ttai nghiem, ngi lyc va sy ty tin tham gia cac boat ddng mdi tao tinh dgc lip cua ngudi hgc Tltdi quen tu hgc Dya theo dinh nghTa ty hgc ciia Holec (1981) nhu da trinh bay d tten [ khd ndng chiu trdeh nhiem ] va khai niem ciia Moore ve tinh dgc lap ciia ngudi hgc the hien d trach nhiem cua hg ddi vdi cac hoat dgng hgc tap nhu xac dinh muc tieu hgc tap, chgn PP hgc va danh gia, va sap xep viec hgc Cac boat dgng tuong ddng vdi cac giai doan cua qua trinh tu hgc theo hai tie gia Reinders & Balcikanli (2011) (nhu da trinh bay) Trong qua trinh ty hgc, ngudi hgc phai Ien ke hoach va sap xep viec hgc cho hieu qua, do mgt ngudi ty hgc phai xay dyng cho minh thdl quen hgc tap Macaskill va Taylor (2010) cho rang ihdi quen cua ngudi ty hgc bao gdm cac yen td quan ly thdi gian qua trinh hgc, sy tri hoan va thai cua ngudi hgc lam viec mgt minh Bdnh gid su tu hgc Tassinari (2012) tin rang ttong qua trinh ty hgc, cd nhieu ly tai tap trung vao sy ty danh gia se cd lgi hon la sir dung hmh thiic danh gia ben ngoai, va Sinclair (1999) ciing img hd quan diem Hon niia, Kleppin (2005) lip luan rang tu danh gia ve ngdn ngii va nang Iuc hgc tip la mgt PP quan ttgng ttong qua ttinh ty hgc va nhu cau tu danh gia phai dugc thyc hien va hd ttg bdi ttong mgt md hinh SP vdi nhiing cdng cu va PP phii hgp (trich lai tir Tassinari 2012) Ddng quan diim vdi Tassinari (2012), Gardner (2000) danh gia cao vai ttd cua su ty danh gia va tm ring viec su dung ty danh gia nhu mgt cdng cu ttong mdt bg dung cu danh cho ngudi ty hgc va se giup hg rat nhieu ttong qua trinh hgc Mac du tin ca} ciia viec SV ty dinh gia bi nghi ngd, Gardner (2000) da tim dugc mgt sd luin chimg khuyin khich ngudi hgc tu danh gia tir nhiiu tac gia khac Su tu hoc chirtmg trinh dao tao (CTDT) giao vien tieng Anh Mac du sy ty hgc rat can thiit va phu han Moore Dirvcior of Center of Promoting Learner Autonomy co the truy cap tai dia chi hllp isslearneraiilo riomx: tjtml c.ura.slnLoc.iik cptai GIAO DUG - XA HOI hgp vdi sy phat trien khdng ngimg cita the gidi theo hai tac gia Reinders va Balcikanli (2011) thi ttong sd 11 diu sach (xuit ban tii nam 1991 din 2007) dugc sir dung cac CTDT giao vien tieng Anh nhieu nai tten the gidi, hlu het cac tai lieu khdng cd thdng tm vi sy ty hgc va ciing khdng bat ky thong tin lien quan din sy phat trien cac ky nang can thiSt de ty hgc Tie gia Kojima (2007 & 2008) di xult su hgp nhit cac yeu td nhu hgc tap cgng tac, ty hgc va tu cd tiem nang thiic day cac SV phat ttien nang lyc chuyen mon va kha nang ty hgc Su cong tdc (Collaboration) Dooly (2008) giai thich hgc tap cgng tac ddi hdi ngudi hgc cimg lam \ iec de dat dugc mdt muc tieu chung PP hgc cd nhieu ten ggi khac nhu: hgc tap hgp tic (cooperative learning), hgc tip theo tip the (collective learning), hgc tip theo cgng ddng (learning communities), day vdi dong mon (peer teaching), hgc ^"di ddng mdn (peer learning) hay hgc nhdm (team learning) Diem chung tat ca cac dinh nghTa niy la nhieu ngudi ciing tham gia chung mgt nhdm Tuy nhien thuat ngii hgc tap cgng tac cd nghia rgng ban - ngu&i hgc co trdeh nhiim cho dong mon cUng nhu cho cd nhdn minh vd de dgt duac muc tiiu chung vd hg giup ldn de hieu ro mgt vdn de ndo vd giup hgc tap (Dooly, 2008:21) Hgc tip cgng tac dugc nhieu chuyen gia nhu Hoist (2003), Kojima (2007 & 2008) va Domer va Major (2009) ap dung ttong cic CTDT giao vien tieng Anh d nhiiu quoc gia khic tren the gidi Su tuhgc (Autonomy) Sy ty hgc cua nhiing giao vien ngon ngii, theo Bailey (2006) cd the tim thay d bai giang (action), quyet dinh lya chgn PP va tai lieu giing day (decision making) hoac ca hai Nhu da de cap d phan dit van di theo Endo (2010) neu giao vien tiing Anh muon ty hgc \ a nghien ciiu de phat trien nghe nghiep ciia minh thi phai quan ba budc: (1) sogn gido dn, (2) tap gidng va (3) nha dong nghiip du gio gop y hogc tu xem lgi bdi gidng de nit nhung uu diem hoac han che ciia hg va tir dd se bien soan lai bai giang khac hieu qua hon Su tu (Reflection) Ddng quan diem vdi Endo (2010) nhieu tac gia khac nhu Wallace (1991), Cotterall (2004), Larrivee (2006) Hanner (2007) va Arikan (2010) ung hd quan diem sir tu la mdt} eu cau co ban ddi vdi giao vien tieng Anh de thich iing vdi sy thay ddi nhanh cua ca the gidi Tbeo tac gii Wallace (1991), co ba m6 hinh dao tao giao vien ngdn ngii nhung ttong chi cd mdt md hinh tu la mgt ttong nhiing yeu td hinh ning lyc chuyen mon Theo Wallace (1991) mdt mdn hgc chuyen nganh ttong CTDT giao vien tieng Anh phii bao gom sy phat trien hai nhom kien thirc: (I) "receveid knowledge'' bao gom tii vyng chuyen nganh nhiing khai niem tuong xiing, ket qua nghien ciiu, hgc thuyet va nhiing ky nang cin thiit cho nghe nghiep, va (2) "experimental knowledge" dugc tiep can thong qua thyc hanh, cd nghia la thyc hien cdng viec chuyen mdn cita mgt giao vien thyc su va hg se co co hdi suy ngam Iai kien thiic ma hg diit ket dugc sau thyc hanh (Wallace, 1991:15) Nhu vayttieo mdhinh cua Wallace su ty hgc ciia SV dugc tim thiy d budc thyc hanh hay tap giang mdt phin doan nho tren ldp (micro-teaching), sau tap giang SV chuyen sang budc tiip theo la suy ngim lai bai day ciia minh nhim tim nhiing gi chua tot \a chuan bi bai khac t6t hon quay lai thyc hanh mgt lln niia Khi xem lai mgt lan niia neu cam thiy hai long vi bai giang cong thi nliiing gi da lam lan sau se ttd cai gl dd ciia rieng hg hay cdn ggi la ning lyc chuyen mdn 116 TAP CHf KHOA HOC TRUCJNG DAI HOC MO TRHCM - SO (36) 2014 Tom lgi ty hgc tap nghien ciiu sau gid hgc tten ldp la mgt ttong nhiing dac tinh quan ttgng ciia phuong thirc dao tao theo he thdng TC Trong giang day ngdn ngfl, mac du cd mgt sd chuyen gia khdng ddng tinh vdi phong ttao t\j hgc nhung mgt sd khac ung hg viec ty hgc va dat dugc mgt sy ddng thuan ve muc ty hgc Hon nua, ciing can cd nhieu bien phap de danh gia ket qua hgc tap ciia ngudi hgc ttong dd ngudi hgc ty danh gia nang lyc ciia hg li mgt cdng cu can thietTrong cic CTDT giao vien tieng Anh viec ty tim tai Ueu de soan giao an tip giang dugc xem la mgt boat dgng tu hgc De giup cho SV chuyen nganh giang day ty hgc hieu qua, SV can phai hgc tip cdng tic ha>" hgc theo nhom va sau tip giang SV can phai xem lai bai giang lai nham nit nhiing budc nao SV chua Iam tdt de hg cd the khac phuc nhiing ban che thuc hien mdt bii giang khac Nhung vin de trinh bay tten day la co sd Iy luan cho viec nghien ciiu thyc trang vi sy tu hgc cua SV hgc mdn PPGD tiing Anh mgt dugc trinh bay d phan tiep theo cua bai bao an ban lan nam 2000), va len ldp giang \-ien se minh hga mgt bai giang dya theo mgt PPGD va tdm tit lai cac y chinh ciia mdi PP va ddi chieu lai bai giing minh hga Sau SV lam viec theo nhdm thao luan uu diem va han che ciing nhu van de ma giao vien gap phai ap dung mdt PP de day cac nhdm hgc \ ien khac Vao budi hgc tiep theo SV (theo nhdm td 4-8 sinh vien) se len ldp tap giang ngi dung ty bien soan, sau cac SV khac quan sat bai giang thao luin va dua nhan xet ve bai giang, \a cudi cimg la nhan xet ciia giang vien Ngoai ra, theo de cuong mdn hgc SV phai tu hgc them phan kien thiic nang cao theo quyen sach '^Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching" cua hai tic gia Richards J.C va Rodgers T.S (nha xuat ban Cambridge, an ban lin in lai lln thii 18-nam 2011) Mau nghien ciru: Cd 90 SV thugc hai ldp (AVOl va AV03- Khda 2010) dang hgc Mon PPGD tieng Anh mgt vio hgc ky I cua nam hgc 2012-2013 va tac gia phu ttach giang day hai idp Da sd cac em dang theo hgc hgc ky thii nam ttong CTDT giao vien tiing Anh tai Khoa NN, trudng DH Md Tp HCM PHLTONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU Bdi canh va noi dung nghien ciru: Mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt la mdn hgc cdt loi bit budc thugc khdi kiin thiic Cong cu thu thap du- lieu: chujen nganh ttong CTDT giao vien tiing Quan sdt vd ghi chip Anh (he chinh quy) tai Khoa NN, trudng DH Md Tp HCM S\' hgc mdn vao Khi quan sat cac nhdm SV tip giang hgc ky thii nam sau hoan nhiing theo PPGD da dugc phan cdng, giang vien mon hgc thugc khdi kien thiic giao due dai di ghi chep va nhan xet kha nang hiiu mgt cuong va khdi kien thitc nganh tiing Anh PPGD tir chuan bi din luc thi hien bai Mon hgc cd ba TC va SV hoan day theo 10 tieu chi dya tten cac nguySn khda hgc ttong vdng tuin (mdi tuin tic CO ban cua mdi PP Sau quan sat va sinh \ ien hgc hai ca, va mdi ca ba tiet va nhan xet, giing vien luu lai nhiing thong mdi tiit la 45 phiit theo nien chi vao thdi tin Khi khda hgc ket thiic, giang vien tdng hgp lai va phan tich di tim mdt cau tta diem thyc hien nghien ciiu) Idi cho cau hdi nghien cuu thii ba: "TJjeo Trudc len ldp, SVcin phai dgc su ddnh gid cua gidng vien, sinh viin tubai ttong quyen sach -Techniques and hgc CO dgt dugc mitc tieu md gidng viin di Principles in Language Teaching"' cua tic hay khdng?" gia Larsen-Freeman (nha xuat ban Oxford Bdi kiem tra GIAO Dgc - XA HOI Bai kiem tra giua k}" gom ba phan: (1) 20 ciu hdi ttac nghiem khach quan pham vi kien thiic co ban dugc hgc tten ldp; (2) 20 cau hdi trie nghiem khich quan thugc phin kiin thiic dgc them d nha va (3) mgt cau hdi tu luan kiim tra kha nang danh gia uu diem va ban chi ciia mgt PPGD ap dung de day tiing Anh bac trung hgc phd thong tai ViSt Nam DG lieu thu thap tir bai kiim tta (phin 20 cau hdi kiem tta ngi dung ty hgc) giiip cho nhdm nghien ciru tim ldi giii dap cho mdt phin ciia ciu hdi nghien cim thu ba Dii lieu dugc thu tliip vao buoi cuoi cimg ciia khda hgc va giiip cho nhdm tim cau tra ldi cho cau hdi nghien ciiu thii hai - "Sinh viin tie ddnh gid tinh dgc lap hgc tap vd thoi quen tie hgc cua hg nhu thi ndo?" KET QUA vA T H A O L U ^ N Quan sdt sinh vien tap gidng ngi dung tu bien sogn S6 lieu tten Bang cho thiy giang vien danh gia viec sinh vien ty hgc mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt thdng qua viec tim tai lieu de tu chuin bi mdt bai day theo mgt PPGD ma cic em hoc tham vao budi Bdng cdu hoi khdo sdt hgc dau tien \ a thuc hanh giang thii tten Bang cau hdi khao sat gdm ba phin ldp khdng dugc cao Cu the la nhdm thii chinh dugc ttinh bay tten hai ttang giay nhat chi dat miic trung binh (diem TB A4 Phin thii nhat nham tim hieu nhan cdng la 5.4) vi nhdm thii hai dat miic kha thiic ciia SV ^e ty hgc nhu (1) tam quan (diim TB cdng la 7.1) Sau SV hoan ttgng ciia ty hgc doi vdi mgt giao \ ien bai giing cac nhom thao luan va tieng Anh (2) dgng lyc ty hgc (3) thdi dua nhin xet ve bai giang; cd nhiiu SV gian danh cho ty hgc va (4) each doi phd khdng quan sat bai giang can thin va tham vdi ndi dung khd Thdng tin thu thap tii chi liy sach dgc; do giang vien phin se dugc phan tich nham tta ldi yeu cau nhan xet thi hiu het cac em cho cau hdi nghien ciiu thir nhat lien quan khdng CO y kien gi het hoic la chi co mgt den nhdn thuc cua SVve su tu hgc hgc ciu tra ldi nhat la cac ban day rat hay mon PPGD tiing Anh mgt Phan thii hai Khi giang vien hdi tai hay va hay chd cua bang khao sat gdm 12 cau hdi thugc nao thi cac em khong tta Idi dugc Doi vdi hai nhdm: tinh dgc lap hgc tap (tii nhiing nhdm thao luin soi ndi thi nhan xet ciu Iden ciu 7) vi thoi quen tu hgc (tii ciu cua cac em thien ve cam nhan ciia ngudi den caul2) Day la mgt thang co hgc vi ngdn ngii hon la PP Thyc ttang tin cay cao dugc thiet ke bdi hai giao giong vdi ket qua ngbien ciiu cua Cottervien trudng DH Sheffield Hallam cua Anh all (2004) nhiing giao vien ttong khda hgc Qude - Mascaskill va Taylor (2010) S V ty PPGD luon de cap nhiing vin de thugc ve dinh gia su ty hgc va thdi quen ty hgc theo kien thiic ngon ngii nhan xet bai day nam miic (cao nhit la va thap nhat la 1) cua ngudi khac chii khong nhan xet ve PP Bang Ket qua quan sat sinh vien tap giang Nhom Nhom (l)The Grammar Translation Method Cac phu-ffng phap/dinh hu-dng (2) Ttie Direct Method 5 (3) The Audio-Linguai Method 7 (4) Total Physical Response 6 (51 Communicative Language Teaching 7 (fi) Tasl(-Based Instruction (71 Content-Based Instruction Tong cong 38 50 Trung binh cpng 5.4 7.1 118 TAP CHl KHOA HOCTOL((3NtiOAI HOC IVIO TRHCM - SO (36) 2014 KSt qua bai kiem tra npi dung sinli vien tu doc tliem Theo kk qua tli6ng ke diem bai kiem tra phin npi dung lien quan den kien thiic nang cao SV phai tu dpe them a nha, diem trung binh (TB) cpng cua nhom thu nhat la 4.8/10 va nhom thii hai la 5.6/10 S6 heu tren hinh cung cho thay hon nam 50% SV ciia nhom thii nhat dat diem duiii TB (tir4.5 den 1.5) va nhom thii hai (xem hinh 2) ti le Ihap hon, nghia la co 22% SV dat dijm dudi TB (tu 4.5 din 2.0) Do CO the ket luan riing, ket qua bai kiera tra phin npi dung tu doe them cua hai nhom chi dat muc TB Hinhl KSt qua thong ke diem bai Idem tra cua nhom Group 10 t a ^ S 1 1 |~ I 01 °1 1 15 2 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 score Hinh Ket qua thong ke diem bai kiem tra ciia nhom Group 20 — IS-TS , "• ' 14 12 S,r a " ^ "-2 6 1 ' '1 " " I l l l ; 21 2.5° 13 351 14 451 55 score 65 ill 75 8.5 Ket qua khao sat: SV mpt deu nhan thiic dupc tiim quan Co ba > au td chung minh rSng SV "'png cua su tu hpe va tu nghien ciiu Thtinhan thiic cao ^a tu hpe Thu nhit, 100% '"''' ^on 2/3 (68.6%) SV cho r5ng dpng GIAO DUC - XA HOI Igc quan ttong nhSt de hg tu dgc them tai lieu va lam viec theo nhom soan bai tap giang la giiip cho cac em nam vflng kien thirc de ap dung cho cdng viec di day sau trudng; dilu cho thiy SV da xac dinh dugc muc tieu ngh8 nghiep ciia cac em cCing nhu nhu c4u hgc hien la tich liiy kien thiic cho cdng viec tuong [ai.Ihie ba, tu dgc tai lieu ma khdng hieu da sd phin ldn SV (91%) giai quylt vin dh bing each tu tim hilu (45%), hdi ban (32%), hdi giao viSn hudng dan (14%) va chi cd 8/87 sinh vien (9%) la bo qua Nhiing sd lieu tren la mgt tinh hieu tich cue ve y thuc ciia sinh vien ddi vdi viec tu hgc ngoai gid len ldp; nhien cd mgt van dk ma giang vien ciing nhu nha trudng c4n phai quan tam die biet dd la thdi gian SV danh cho viec tu hgc ngoai gid len ldp Mac dii theo hgc che TC thdi gian tu hgc tdi thieu phai gap ddi thdi gian len ldp nhung kel qua khao sat cho thay chi cd 8/90 SV (9%) tu hgc theo diing vdi thdi gian quy dinh va 1% (1/90) SV tu hgc nhilu ban thdi gian quy dinh Ngugc lai, 90% SV danh thdl gian tu hgc mdn chuyen nganh chua dat yeu ciu; hon mdt niia sinh vien (61%) chi dat dugc 50% thdi gian (4-5 gid ttong tuan) va 29% tu hgc it ban mgt phan hai thdi gian theo quy dinh SV tu danli gia tinh dgc lap va thdi quen tu hgc d miic TB klia (xem hinh 3) Sd lieu tren hinh cho th^y SV cham dilm trach nhiem dat 3.4/5 va tliuc tl ldp hgc theo quan sat cua giang vien thi tinh thin ttach nhiem ciia tiing SV ciia ca hai ldp lam viec theo nhdm chua cao va cac em ciing khong cd trach nhiem cho soan bai tip giang Vi du nhu luon ludn xay tinh ttang den gid tip giang, SV giu tai lieu giang day den tri giang vien va cac ban ttong nhdm ciing nhu cac ban khac pbai ngoi chd Mgt trudng hgp niia la lam viec theo nlidm, cac em tu phan cdng moi vien co ttach nhiem thuc hien mgt giai doan nao ciia bai giang; len ldp CO mdt SV vang mat thi cac \ ien khac khdng the day the phan ciia ban minh va bai giang bi mat mgt phin Dieu cho thay ttach nhiem ciia SV lam viec theo nhom chua cao; ttong dd hgc tap cgng tac (theo Kojima, 2007 & 2008) co tilm nang giiip cho SV tu hgc tdt dl phat ttien nang luc chuyen mdn va hgc tip cgng tic (theo Dooly, 2008) thi SV vira cd trach nhiem ca nhan va \ua co trach nhiem vdi cdng viec chung ciia ci nbdm Hinh Tinh doc lap ciia sinh vien hoc tap Tinh l3^ ldp Co trach nhiem Co g ^ E mac dii kho Thich hoc npi dung duac lliich duoc thiJ thach Co dong lire hoan Ihanh mioc then gian quy dmh 120 TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRUING DAI HOC MO TP.HCM - S6 (36) 2014 7770/ quen tu hgc Kit qua tten hinh ciing cho thay SV tu chim dilm cd ddng luc hoan trudc thdi gian quy dinh dat 3.0/5 va muc hoan viec tu hgc trudc thdi gian quy dinh la 3.6/5; sd ciing tuong ddng vdi thuc tl tten ldp ma giang vien ghi nhan ttong sudt khoa hgc Cd nhieu nhdm SV khdng chuan bj bai giang chu dao d6 den gid tap giang vin cdn mgt sd ban loay hoay chay di in bai va chinh sira bai giang tren may tinh Hinh Thoi quen tur hgc Thai quen tl/hoc Sap xep thoi gian Quan ly tot thcri Hoan vif c hoc hop If giar tLF hoc truD'c th&i gian quy dinh Bao chfla cho vi^c Hanh phiic tir hoc kh6ng tl/ hpe Mdt nhung yeu td giiip cho SV tu hgc tot dd la phai co thdi quen sap xep thdi gian ciing nhu quan ly thai gian tdt; nliien ket qua tu cham diem nhiing thoi quen ciia SV ciing dat miic tten TB (3.1/5 va 2.9/5) mac dii cac em cim thay hanh phiic lam viec ddc lap (diem TB cgng la 3.7/5) (xem hinh 4) cot thii tu cua hinh cilng cho thiy SV tu cham diem miic bao chiia cho viec khong tu hgc la 2.2/5 nhung ttSn thuc te da s6 SV luon dua rat nhieu ly nhu hgc nhilu mon, cd nhieu bai tip, phai di lam them ngoai gid len ldp de kiem tien lo cho chi phi hgc hanh v.v Cic em ciing co nhieu ly bao chiia cho viec khong co su chuan bi chu dao cho phin ngi dung tip giang ngoai ldp hgc chua dat den miic tdi thieu theo quy dinh ciia hgc che TC Thir hai, SV tu danh gia ve su tu hgc va thdi quen tu hgc chi dat tren TB; ket qua hoan toan tuong ddng vdi nhiing gi xay ttong ldp hgc theo ghi nhan ciia giing vien SV chua the hien dugc trach nhiem ca nhan cao, chua cgng tac vdi ddng mon, va chua cd thdi quen sip xep va quan ly thdi gian lam vi$c dgc lap mac dii theo cac chuyen gia day la nhiing ylu td giiip SV chuyen nganh giang day tieng Anh phat trien tiem nang tu hgc nham nang cao nang lyc chuyen mon Thtr ba, til nhiing han chl ttSn theo kit qua tu danh gia ciia S V din din kit qua hgc tap ciia SV ciing khong cao.Theo danh KET LUAN gia ciia giang vien quan sat bai giang Thu nhdt mac dii SV y thiic dugc cua SV tten ldp va ket qua ciia bai kilm tam quan ttgng ciia \ iec tu hgc va nghien tta cic ngi dung ma SV phai ty dgc them CIJU ciia mgt giao vien tieng Anh cdn d nha theo quy dinh ttong dk cuong mon ngdi tren giang dudng va lam viec nhu hgc, cd the ket luan ring SV chi dat miic la mgt giao vien thuc su nhim giiip cho TB ddi vdi phan ty hgc kiln thiic nang cao hg phat trien nang luc chuyen mdn, nhung va TB kha ddi vdi phin soan bii tip giang kit qua phan tich du lieu cho thiy SV chua Tdm lgi nhdm nghien ciiu dat dugc danh thdi gian de tu hgc va nghien ciiu muc tieu de va da tim raldi giii dap ciia GIAO DUC - XA HOI cau hoi nghien ciiu nhu da trinh ba\ Tu>i^ien, vin cd mdt s6 van dl chua tun Thie nhdt nhu da trinh bay d tren da sd S V khong dinh dii thdi gian cho viec tu hgc d nha nhung nhdm nghien ciiu khdng tim dirge ngu)'en nhin ciia van de ban che d phin cau hdi khao sat Thu hai, sau moi nhdm hoan tip giang ngi dung ty bien soan, giing vien khdng cd dii thdi gian de quay phim lai bai giing cho ca ldp xem lai nhlm khuyin khich SV phu ttach bai giang ty danh gia lai theo nhiing tieu chi ma giang vien dang ap dung bdi vi theo cac chuyen gia nhu da trinh bay phin CO sd ly luan diy la mgt budc quan ttgng nhlm giiip SV tu hgc hieu qua DE XUAT: Ddi vdi giao vien phu ttich mon hgc: Vao buoi dau tien cua khda hgc, sau gidi thieu de cuong mdn hgc, giang \ ien can phai nhic nhd SV thdi gian ty hgc ca nhin va theo nhdm ngoai gid len ldp theo hgc quy dinh cua hgc che TC Dac biet la, giang vien phai bd sung cac loai cau hoi khac de SV tu kiem tta lai phan ngi dung ty hgc Ngoai can phai cd co che kiem soat thdi gian ty hgc cua SV va dieu giang vien phu ttach mon hgc khdng the lam tdt dugc mi nhu Trin (2010) de nghi can phai cd sy hd ttg ciia cac don vi ttong trudng Giang vien can phai xay dyng h^ thdng ciu hdi trie nghiem, cau hoi thao luan va ty luan theo moi chii de cho SV Iam true tuySn trudc Ien ldp, va giang vien phai quan ly dugc tong sd gid SV Iam bai tryc tuyen, sd diem dat dugc va sd lan tham gia vao dien dan tryc tuyen de lam co sd danh gia cac boat dgng ty hgc ciia SV Cudi citng mdi bii giang ciia SV cin phai dugc quay va chieu lai cho ca ldp xem; xem lai nhdm SV thuc hien bai day se ty danh gia trudc sau cac SV quan sit ldp hgc se gop y them va cuoi ciing la nhan xet ciia giang vien \a phai hudng din cho SV nhan xet theo 10 tieu chi nhu giang vien ttong nhom nghien ciiu da thuc hien Dl giiip cho giang vien thyc hien dugc nhiing de xuit tten can phai co sy hd trg tir nha trudng Ddi vdi lanh dao nha trudng, nhdm thyc hien de tai nghien ciiu co mgt sd kiln nghi sau: De nghj thii nhat, de giup cho SV CO du thdi gian ty hgc tap \ a nghien ctiu ngoai gid len ldp, Phdng Quan Iy Dao tao, die biet la bg phin phu ttach dang ky mdn hgc can phii cd each khdng che sd mon hgc SV dang ky ttong mgt hgc ky Ddi vdi SV chuyen nganh giang day tilng Anh, viec tap giang rit quan ttgng nhung hau nhu cac em khdng cd tip giang trudc Ien ldp giang chinh thuc Ly giai cho viec SV cho rang da sd cac em tir cac tinh khac phai d nha ttg nen khdng the tap giang dugc nhung vd trudng khdng CO phdng cho cac em tap giang \i tat ca cac phdng hgc tai Co sd Dao Duy Anh deu dugc khoa lai sau cac ldp hgc ket thuc budi hgc Do do, de nghi thii hai la nha trudng can phai co mgt phong hgc danh rieng cho SV nganh giang day tap giang hoac lam viec theo nhdm ngoai gid len ldp De nghi tliii ba tbeo y kien ciia nliieu SV va diing vdi thyc te la can phii tim cich bo sung ngudi sach tham khio cho SV tu dgc them d thu vien tai Co sd Dio Duy Anh bdi vi theo thdng ke ciia nhan vien thu vien d day chi co sach giao trinh tieng Anh va toan bg sach ve PPGD tieng Anh diu nim d thu vien Vo Van Tin Theo tim hieu d bg phan thu vien thi neu nhu SV cd nhu cau dgc sach phai gap nhin vien quan thu de nghi thi khoang hai ba hdm sau SV cd the dgc sich da jeu cau tai thu vien co sd Dao Duy Anh va cd le SV khdng nam dugc quy ttinh nen da khong tiep can dugc tai lieu tham khao De nghi cudi cimg la de giiip giang vien phu trach mon hgc kilm soat thdi gian ty hgc cua SV hieu qui hon nha trudng - die biet la bg phan quan ly mang tliong tin ho trg Khoa xiy dyng he thong hgc true tuyen cho giang vien cd the kiem soat dugc thdi gian lam bai cua 122 TAP CHI KHOA HCX: TRL/CJNG DAJ HOC MO IP.HCM - SO (36) 2014 S\' ngoai gid hgc chinh thiic theo ma sd ldp \ a ma sd SV mgt each de dang, chi cd each naj- mdi cd the quan ly va nang cao chit lugng tu hgc ciia SV TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Arikan A 2010 "Classroom Texts and Tasks for Promoting Learner Autonomy in Teacher Education Programmes: A post modem refection on action", hi D Gardner Fostering Autonomy in Language Learning Presented in a conference held at Zurve University Turkey (166-172) Bailey M.K 2006 Language Teacher Supervision The United Slates: Cambridge University Press Bal9ikaiili, C 2010 Learner Autonomy in Language Learning: Student Teach^^'Qehe^ Australian Journal ofEducation,Vo\.'3S (1) 90-103 Benson, P & P Voller (eds.) 1997 Autonomy arui Independence in language learning The United Kingdom: Pearson Education Lunited Benson, P (2006) '"Autonomy in language teaching and learning" In P Benson Language Teaching The United Kmgdom: Cambridge University Press, 21-40 Cotterall, S 2004 Learner independence: reflecting on experience Kejnote Address Proceedings of the inaugural conference of the Independent Learning Associations, Melbourne Australia, 13-14 September 2003 Auc\dand: Independent Learning Association Oceania Dooly,M2008."Constructingknowledgetogether"(pp.21-45)in7e/eco//i36oraftve Language Learning: A guidebook to moderating intercultural collaboration online Bern: Peter Lang Domer, H Major, E 2009 Evolving collaboration among teacher ttainees analysis of collaborative discourse WoPaLP, Volume 3, pp 76-96 Cd the truy cap tai dia chi \\"\A'W.langped.elte.hu/WoPaLParticles/W3Domer_Major.pdf Endo, Y 2010 Teacher Trainees" Autonomous Development Through Reflection Presented at a conference held at Zir\'e University, Turkey 10 Gardner, D 2000 Self-assessment for autonomous language learners Links& Letters.?, (A9-6{i) 11 Harmer J 2007 The Practice of English Language Teaching 4"' Edition China: Pearson Longman 12 Hoist, J.K 2003 Implementmg Project-Based Learning in Pre-service Teacher Education- Cd the truy cap tai dia chi: vs"wvv.citeseerx.ist.psu.edii/viewdoc/ download?doi 13.Kojima, H 2007 A CARL Approach to Promoting EFL Teacher Trainees' Autonomy in Pre-Service Teacher Education at a Japanese University Cd the truy cap tai dia chi w\\v\.independentleaming.org 14 Kojima, H (2008) Developing Initial EFL Teachers" Autonomy: The Case of the CARTA Program 15 Lairivee B 2006 An Educator's Guide to Teaclier Reflection (edited by Cooper, J.M) 16 The United States: CENGATE Teaming GIAO DUC-XA HOI 17 Lim Quang Thiep 2011 Vl phuang phap day, hgc va danh gia thanli qua hgc tap hgc chl tin chi (Bdn lin BH Thdi Nguyen) 18.Le, Thi Thaih Tnic 2010 Enhancing Students* Performance in ELT Programs in the Credit-Based Training System Language Education in Asia, 1(1),133-146 19 Macaskill, A and Taylor, E 2010 The development of a brief measure of learner autonomy in university students Studies in higher education, 35(3), 315-359 Cd the truy cap tai dia chi http://shura.shu.ac.uk (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive 20.Nguyen, Thanh Tung 2010.Tinh ty chii cua ngudi hgc ttong dao tao tin chi tai Khoa Ngoai Ngu -Trudng DH Md Tp HCM De tai NCKH cip trudng 21.Nunan, D 1997 Designing and adaptmg materials to encourage learner autonomy In Benson & Voller (eds.), 192-203 The United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited 22 Reinders, H & Balcikanli, C 2011 Learning to foster autonomy: the roles of teacher education materials Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, Vol 2(1), 15-25 Cd the tmy cap tai dia chi: http://\vww.sisaljoumal/archive/marl l/reinders_ balcikalni 23 Sert, N 2006 EFL Student Teacher's Teaming Autonomy The Asian EFL Journal (pp.180-201) Cd the tmy cap tai dia chi www.asian-efl-joumal.com 24 Sheerin, S 1997 An exploration of the relationship between self-access and independent learning In Benson & Voller (eds.), 54-65 25 Sinclair, B 1999 'Wrestling with a jelly: The evaluation of leamer autonomy In B Morrison (Ed.) Expeirments and evaluation in self-access language learning (pp.95-109) Hong Kong: Hasald 26.Tassinari, M.G 2012 Evaluating leamer autonomy: A dynamic model with descriptors Studies in Self-access Learning Journal, 3(1), 24-40 27 Thombury, S 2006 An A-Z of ELT: A dictionary of terms and concepts used in £ng//5/?Xa«gMagereac^mg-MacmillanBooks for Teachers Thailand: Macmillan 28 Trin Thanh Ai, 2010 Dao tao theo he thdng tin chi: cac nguyen Iy, thyc ttang va giai phap Bai tham luan tai Hgi nghi toan qude to chiic tai DH Sai Gon (05/2010) Cd thi tmy cap tir ttang ww^v.khoahocviet-info 29 Trinh, Qu6c Lap, 2010 Phat ttiln nang lyc ty hgc hoan cinh Viet Nam Cd fhl tmy cap tir dia chi http://khoavanhoc-ngonngu.edu.vn 30 Wallace, M.J 1991 Training Foreign Language Teachers: A Reflective Approach The United Kmgdom: Cambridge University Press (Reprinted in 2001) ... day: Sinh vien co y thiic dugc tam quan ttgng cua cac boat ddng tu hgc quy dinh ttong di cuong mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt dugc thiit ke theo phuong thiic dao tao TC hay khong? Sinh vien ty danh gia... vien tai Co sd Dio Duy Anh bdi vi theo thdng ke ciia nhan vien thu vien d day chi co sach giao trinh tieng Anh va toan bg sach ve PPGD tieng Anh diu nim d thu vien Vo Van Tin Theo tim hieu d bg phan... hgc ciia hg nhu the nao? Theo sy danh gia ciia giang vien sinh vien ty hgc co dat dugc muc tieu ma giang vien de hay khdng? COSOfLYLUAN TIT hoc bgc che tin chi (TC) Theo Quy che 43 ciia Bg Giao