TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E S O 5 TRU''''ONG BAI HOC PHAM V A N P 6 N G X A Y DlTNG KHOA HOC THICH NGHI TREN E LEARNING v d i HE H 6 T R O R A Q U Y E T D E V H Nguyin Thi DUng'''', Nguyin Thi Hda''''^[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - S O - TRU'ONG BAI HOC PHAM V A N P N G X A Y DlTNG KHOA HOC THICH NGHI TREN E-LEARNING v d i HE H T R O R A Q U Y E T D E V H Nguyin Thi DUng', Nguyin Thi Hda'^, Vo Tdn Loe TOM TAT Trong bdi bdo ndy, chiing toi trinh bdy cdc vdn di vi viic xdy dimg khda hpc thich nghi tren e-leaming v&i hi hd tra quyit dinh Cdc ket qud nghien ciru bu&c ddu nhu kien triic cua he ho trg quyit dinh, phuang phdp vd ky thudt xdy dung khoa hpc thich nghi true tuyin v&i su hd tra quyet dinh, cdc kit qud edi dgt thu nghiem ban ddu cung se dugc di cap Tit khda: Hi hd trg quyit dfnh, hpc thich nghi, mo hinh ngu&i hpc, mo hinh npi dung hoc tap, ddng ca thich nghi, phuang phdp thich nghi L MO DAU Hien khdi niem e-leaming khdng cdn qua xa la vdi ngudi hgc Tuy nhien, hdu hit ede hfi thdng e-leaming hign deu cung cdp cac khda hge dua trgn ehuong trinh ddo tao ehung eho tdt ca cdc hgc vign, nen ngudi hgc cd thi truy cap vdo eac ngi dung hgc tap nhu thdng qua Internet md khdng cdn phdn bigt hfl so cd nhdn cua ngudi hgc Hon nda ede khfla hge Iai thieu sy chi ddn ve cdch thuc hge tap, ndi dung bdi hgc vd Idi tu vdn cho ngudi hgc.Trong dd, ngudi hgc cd thi d nhilu vung vdn hda khde nhau, cd muc dich hgc tap khde nhau, ed muc kiln thdc khac vd kha ndng tilp thu cung khde dieu rdt khd dl ddp iing cho phd hgp vdi tat cd cdc hgc vien Do mOt khda hgc dugc xem Id phii hgp vdi ngudi hgc nhung ed thg Id khdng phd hgp vdi ngudi hgc khac Theo nghidn cuu cda Phan Vdn Huy vd cflng su ([2]) cdc hoat dgng chu yiu ciua ngudi hgc tham gia khda hgc nhu sau: - Cdc hoat dgng cda ngudi hgc tap trung d hoat ddng xem, vd download cdc tai lieu lien quan dgn khda hgc (chiem 95%); - Cdc boat dgng eua ngudi hgc tap trung d mgt sd hoat ddng online phd bign nhu: forum, vd chat (chilm 70%); - Cdc hoat ddng cda ngudi hgc tap trung d ddu khda hgc (chilm 90%) va cdng vl cufli khda hgc thi sd lugng ngudi hgc hoat ddng tren he thdng cang thua thdt (khoang 5%); - Da so sinh vign tham gia hg thdng chi vi yeu cau ddnh gia cua gido vign d cufli khfla hgc (chigm 80%) Vdy ldm thi ndo dg viec hgc tap trd nen thu vi, ngudi hgc chu dgng vdi viee hgc, vd hgc thich ung vdi tdng ngudi hgc cu thi cdc khda hgc thuflrng thilt kl theo dang ''one size fit airi Mgt van de nda cung khign da phan ngudi tham gia khda hgc tryc tuyen e ngai Id viee giao tilp gida ngudi hgc vd gidng vien hdu nhu Id khong cd hodc rat it, do viec giai dap cdc thdc mdc cho ngudi hgc ti-ong qud trinh hgc Id vdn dl cdn suy nghT Nhilu ngudi mdi bat dau Idm quen vdi khfla hge se khong khoi ngd ngdng vd • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 65 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - S O - TRU'Q'NG DAI HQC PHAM V A N P O N G liing tung khdng cd su hudng dan ggi y cua giao vien hoac hg se khflng bigt lua chgn ndi dung hge nhu the ndo cho phii hgp vdi ban thdn minh khoa hgc dua hdng loat danh muc cdc ngi dung hgc Lam the ndo dl giiip nhdng ngudi hgc biet duge hg dang di dung hudng va cfl nhdng Idi tu van can thigt? Tu vdn cho timg ngudi lieu cd khd thi? Cung theo ket qua nghien cdu [2]: - Hon 50% sinh vien khdng that su tu tin vdo cdc nang lyc/ khd nang hgc cua minh - Hon 40% sinh vign cho rdng minh khflng cfl ndng lyc tu hgc - Gdn 70% sinh vien cho rdng minh khdng cd nang luc tu nghign cdu - Gdn 55% sinh vien cho rdng minh khdng thyc sy hdng thu hgc tap Vl vay, viec thich ung hgc tdp Id mgt ygu cdu quan trgng cho cac he thflng e-leaming nhdm tu dgng diiu chinh ndi dung hge, dua Idi tu vdn dudng hgc tap phu hgp vdi nhu cdu, muc dich hgc cua ngudi hgc cu the la rdt cdn thigt Viec hgc thich nghi - hgc theo nhu cau, giup ngudi hgc cd thi lua chgn nhdng ndi dung minh hgc mong muon ma khflng cdn hgc lai cdc kien thdc da dugc hgc hodc biit trudc dfl, hgc theo khd ndng tilp thu, kign thdc vd mue dich cda nguoi hgc Td dfl, viec hgc khdng cdn theo khudn mau, khdng dang "one size fit alV nua, ma la theo nhu cau tung ngudi hgc He hfl trg quyet djnh (Decision Support Systems - DSS) se giup thu thap, tflng hgp du lieu mgt each Unh hoat tu md hinh ngudi hgc va md hinh ngi dung, de tu dd hd trg dua cac Idi tu van kip tiidi, phd hgp vdi nhu cdu hgc thich nghi cua ngudi hgc mgt each ty dgng hda dong cd qud trinh hoat dgng hgc tap cua ngudi hgc DSS se dua cdc quylt dinh dya tren ca chi thich nghi va cdc tap ludt dugc dua he tiiflng Vdi sy kit hgp eua hgc thich nghi va DSS, ta cd thi xdy dung khda hgc tryc tuyen vua dap dng vige hgc theo nhu cau, vda cd the dinh hudng, tu vdn ngi dung vd dudng hgc tdp thfch nghi cho ngudi hgc mflt each tu dflng Trong phdn eiia bai bdo, ehiing tfli tnnh bdy cdc ket qua nghien edu vg vige xdy dyng khfla hgc thich nghi trgn eleaming vdi he hfl trg quyet dinh Cdc ket luan vd cdc van de dat cdn tiep tuc thue hien sg dugc trinh bdy phdn XAY DlTNG KHOA HQC THICH NGHI TREN E-LEARNING VOfI H £ HO TRO RA QUYET DINH 2.1 Kien t r u e cua h e thong h£ ho trgf r a quyet d i n h cho d^y hoc thich nghi mdi trirdng e- leaming Kign triic cda he thflng he hd trg quygt dinh eho day hgc thich nghi mfli tmong e-leaming duge chung tfli de xudt gom thdnh phdn chinh, nhu hinh dudi ddy Cfl thi xem thgm [1], [5] Cdc giao dien ngudi hgc gdm: Giao dien dang ky khoa hgc cda ngudi hgc, dang nhap, cdc cdu trd Idi thyc liien cac bdi kigm tra ket thdc nfli dung hgc Giao dien ngudi qudn 1;^: cho phdp cap nhat md hinh ngi dung va md hinh ngudi hgc 66 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHg - SO - TRU'ONG DAI HOC PHAM V A N D O N G Md hinh ngudi hgc: Cho thdy dac diem cda ngudi hgc thdng qua viec thu thdp thflng tin ngufli hgc ngudi hgc bdt dau dang k^ khda hge va mgt sfl thflng tin dugc cdp nhat sudt qud tnnh hgc tap cCia ngudi hgc nhu khd ndng tiep thu, kien thuc hien tai, Mfl hinh ngi dung: Cho thdy cdc ndi dung kign thdc lign quan den nguoi hgc tai thdi diim hign tai Giao di?n neircri hoc > - DSS dira tren CO chg thfch nghi Mo hinh ngufri hpc /\ v Giao dien nguoi quan ly Hinh Kiin triic cua he thdng ho tra quyit dinh cho dgy hgc thich nghi mdi tru&ng e-leaming DSS dya trgn co ehi thich nghi: DSS hfl trg dua cdc Idi tu van cho ngudi hgc dya trgn ca che thich nghi dl ngudi hge lya chgn dudng hge tap eung nhu ngi dung hgc tdp phu hgp vfli minh DSS dua trgn co chi thich nghi, hoat dgng nhu sau: Hinh Sa mo td hogt ddng Cdc dd lieu td hfl so ngudi hgc (trong md hinh ngudi hgc), cac kit qua bdi tdp, bdi kilm tra, va ngi dung hgc tap hign tai dugc DSS tflng hgp, td dd DSS se phdn tich va dua Idi khuyen cho ngudi hgc vg nfli dung hgc tap tilp theo vd tu van dudng hgc tdp phu hgp (mfl hinh ngi dung) vdi nhu cau, mue dich cho tdng ngudi hgc cu the 2.2 Phinmg phap xay dung khoa hgc thfch nghi vdi sir hb trg- cua DSS ([!]) 2.2.1 Tuy bien no! dung cua DSS dua tren co che thich nghi Vdi phuang phdp nay, he thdng se cdn cd va mue tigu hgc ciia ngudi hgc dl bien ngi dung hgc Tiiy bien ngi dung cdn dua tren viec cung cdp ede ngi dung Id dieu kien tien quygt cho mgt khdi nigm nao dfl Mdt sd phuong phdp dugc sd dung tiiy bien ngi dung Id cung cdp them nhung ngi dung CO tfnh chat tuang duang hay md rgng cda khai niem dang hinh bay thflng qua cdc lign kit Dam bao cufli cdng kit thuc khda hgc, ngudi hge thu dugc lugng kiln thdc Id nhu ciing • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 67 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - S O - TRU'ONG DAI HOC PHAM VAN B O N G mdt khfla hgc, thfla man nhu cau hgc ban dau cda ngudi hgc 2.2.2 Tuy biin qua tnnh hoc tSp Tdy biin qud trinh hgc tap gflm nhilu loai thuflc vao nhu cdu va dac trung eiia ngudi hgc ma cd the Id bien qud trinh cho toan bd khda hgc, tdy bien qua trinh hgc tdp cho tung ngi dung, hoac cfl thi dinh huoTig trg giup tdng thg hay dinh hudng trg giup cue bg Tuy bign qua tnnh cho todn bd khda hgc: Phuang phap nhdm chi ddn toan bg qud trinh hgc tap cho todn bd khda hgc dya d6n nhung ddc trung ngudi hgc co tinh chat it thay dfli: sd thich, nang lyc, each thdc hgc tdp Tuy bign qud trinh hge cho tung ngi dung hgc: Phuang phap nhdm chi dan ngudi hgc cdn tim hiiu nfli dung hgc cu thi khda hgc Hg thflng dua cac ggi y, chi ddn eho ngudi hgc dya tr6n ea sd sd thich, cdch thdc hgc tap vd kiln thuc hign cd cua ngudi hgc 2.2.3 Dinh hudng trg giup Dinh hudng trg giup tdng thi: Vdi phuang phdp ndy, he thflng se hd trg ngudi hgc bang cdch dua cdc chi ddn, hoac dn cdc lien kit Dinh hudng trg gidp cue bd: Vdi phuang phdp nay, he thflng se cung cap thgm cac thflng tin vl mdt ngi dung ndo hoac gidi han mgt sd lien ket vg m^t nfli dung ndo dugc xem la khong phu hgp vdi ngudi hgc 2.3 Ky thudt xay dung khda hgc thich nghi vdi sir hd trg* cua DSS 2.3.1 Tiiy bien lien kit Ky thudt chgn lya cac ngi dung phu hgp ndi dung khda hgc t^i thdi diem xdc djnh Vige chgn lya dya vdo ddc trung ngudi hgc dugc thi hien md hinh ngudi hgc 2.3.2 Chi dan true tilp Chi dan true tilp bdng each dua cac ggi y, chi dan gidp ngudi hgc nSn chgn ngi dung hgc tap ndo tigp theo cho phu hgp Vdi ky thuat he thong dua tiin trinh hgc cho ngudi hgc qua trinh tham gia khda hgc Mdt sfl chi ddn true tilp thudng gdp md chdng tdi lua chgn dg sd dung nghien cihi cda minh Bdng Chi ddn true tiip dua ndi dung hpc tap vd khd ndng cua ngu&i hpc Mdcd^ kho cua n^i dung Khd Muc d9 khd so vdi kha nang ngudi faQC Binh thudng Dat Bgn CO the ldm kiem tra ket thUc ndi dung hoc de hpc sang ndi dung mai Kho De Khdng dat Bgn nin xem Igi ly thuyet vd ldm bdi tap nhieu hon Kho Khd Khdng dat Bgn nen hpc lai npi dung ndy vai muc dp de han Ket qua hpc tdp 2.3.3 Thay ddi trdt tu cac lien ket Ky thudt dugc sd dung he thflng phan loai cac danh sach chda ngi dung lifln ket phu hgp vdi ngudi hgc Hg Ldi hr v^n thflng se Igc va hign thi cdc lign ket phd hgp vdi md hinh ngudi hgc theo thd ty uu tien mde dd phu hgp 68 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H E - S O - TRU'ONG BAI HQC PHAM V A N D O N G 23.4 An cac li§n ket Viec dn cac lien ket gioi ban cac lua chgn cda ngudi hgc nhdm giam ndi dung cung nhu su phde tap ciia khda hgc md van cung cdp dugc cdc lign ket den cac ngi dung ca bdn Cac ky thudt tren cd thi tham khdo thgm d [1] Trong kit qud cai dat 0-ang web cua minh, chiing tfli dl xudt tiiem mflt sd ky thudt sau: J T u vSn each thuc hgc t^p He thflng se dua cae Idi tu vdn hgc tap cho ngudi hgc sudt qud trinh hgc Viec dua ldi tu vdn dya tren ca sd md hinh ngudi hgc, mfl hinh ngi dung cua cdc hgc viSn Gdm cd cac dang tu vdn sau day: Tu vdn ve each thuc vd thai hgc tap, tu vdn vg hoat dgng hgc tap 2.3.5 Cung c4p cac chu thich Ky thuat ndy nham cung cdp them thdng tin cho cdc lien ket dl ngudi hgc cd them nhieu ngi dung bfl sung cho nfli dung tai lieu Nguoi hgc cfl thi lya chgn tiin trinh hgc phd hgp vdi minh Mdt lign kit cd thi cd nhieu trang thai va dugc biiu thi bang mdu sdc, biiu tugng hoac nhung dinh dang khde Tap luat tu vdn vl each thdc hge duge dung trang web thd nghiem ciia chdng tdi cd dang nhu bdng Bdng Mdt sd lugt tu vdn ve cdch thirc hpc tap Thdi gian hoc Dam bdo Ddm bdo Khdng ddm bao K i t qua kilm tra Dat Khflng dat Dat Khdng dam bao Khdng dat Tap luat tu vdn boat ddng hgc dugc diing trang web thd nghiem nhu sau: 23.7 T u van v l noi dung hoc Dk tu vdn cho hgc sinh muc dg khd de ndng sau kiln thdc, ta dya vdo cac thudc tinh thugc cdc nhom nhu sau: Thdnh phan nhan khdu (diiu kien sdng), thdnh phdn kinh nghigm (hgc luc, diim tmng binh mdn hgc, diim kilm tra ddu vdo), phan cdch thuc hgc - nhu cau hgc Ldi t u vin Bgn nen tri cdch hoc ndy Ban nin thay ddi cdch hpc Bgn nen tri cdch hoc ndy nhung ddnh nhieu th&i gian hon Bgn nin thay ddi cdch hpc vd ddnh nhiiu th&i gian han (kha nang tiep thu, dgng luc hgc, kigu hgc t$p), thdnh phdn hoat dgng - ket qud hgc tap tren he thdng (thdi gian tu hgc trgn hg thong, diem kilm tra) Cdc thudc tinh nay, dua vao he thflng duge djnh lugng theo bdng Bdng Tu vdn vi npi dung hpc tap STT ThuQC tinh hl^u 50 Dieu ld?n s6ng A DiSm tmng binh hpc l\rc hpc kj gSn nhit B Gia trj quy ddi (dinh lirpng) Binh E)ay du IChclihan thuong