Hgj^ j^ jy^ j /Ta i nguyEn JMoi Irtrdng Thira Thicn Hui Hoi Dja ly Vi^l Nam U''''ng dung SEM xay dyng md hinh nhan thu c moi tripang o* hoc sinh Trung hoc ph6 thong Tinh Quang Trj Nguyin Minh Ky'''', L6 VSn[.]
H g j ^ j ^ j y ^ j / T a i nguyEn JMoi Irtrdng Thira Thicn Hui Hoi Dja ly Vi^l Nam U'ng dung SEM xay dyng md hinh nhan thu-c moi tripang o* hoc sinh Trung hoc ph6 thong Tinh Quang Trj Nguyin Minh Ky', L6 VSn ThSng^ Abstract Applying SEM lo build environment awareness modeling at high schools in Quang Tri province This paper aimed lo present the results of environmenl awareness modeling in the relation between environment understanding and awareness at high schools in Quang Tri province By analyzing and vertjj'ing using EFA CFA and SEM: Ihe study has showed that there exists the significant relation tn statistics with the reliability of 95% between environment understanding factors (BASE, CONS, VALUE SOL, ACT) and latent variables of environment awareness factor (A WA) The contribution of factors is presented by quantify modeling equation: AWA =0.136*BASE+ 0.055*HSPOT + 0.382*CONS + 0,228*VALUE + 0,186*SOL -+0.409*ACT Where, the factor "ACT-The detail environmenlal actions" is the maximum standardized regression weight (fl) with the value of 0,409 in environmental awareness of ihe students M d DAU nudc ta, vi?c ddy manh va nang cao nhdn thuc mdi trudng cho hgc sinh ndi chung ta rit dugc quan tam Day chinh ta uu dilm, ddng thdi cung la co sd nen tdng cho hgc sinh cd nhflng dilu kien thugn tien qud trinh ndng cao nhgn thurc mdi trudng Cu ihl nhu Chi lhi so 36 -CT/TU' ciia Bd ehinh trj va Quylt djnh sd 1363/QD-TTg ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii ve de an "Dua eac ngi dung Bao ve mdi trudng vao he thdng gido due qudc dan"[l], [4j Trong dd, ddi vdi giao due cho hgc sinh thi irang bj nhflng kien thirc ve sinh thai hgc, moi quan h? gifla ngudi vdi thien nhien; irang hi vd phdt trien ky nang bao ve va gin gifl mdi trudng, biet ung xir tich cyc vdi mdi trudng sdng xung quanh [4], [3], Khdng • nhflng vgy, Irong quan diem bdo ve mdi trudng theo nhu Nghj quyet sd 41-NQ/TU' ciia Bp chinh trj cd de cap nhdm gidi phdp: "Ddy manh cdng lac tuyen truyen, giao dye nang cao nhan thuc vd trach nhiem ', bao v^ mdi trudng" [2] Dac biet, ngi dung ciia nhdm giai phap khang djnh sy chii trpng cdng lac phd bien din ddi tupiig Id thilu nien, hgc sinh, nhung thi he tucmg lai cua dal nudc Do do, cd the khang djnh rdng, vdn dl nhgn thirc mdi trudng d hgc sinh nudc ta la mgt nhOng chii dl tudn nhan dugc nhung sy quan tam uu dac biet Mat khdc, cdc vdn dl mdi trudng phdi ddi mgt ddi hdi su hop tdc loan cau mdi cd the gidi quyet ihanh cdng Yeu cau cao han la su ket ndi cae the he d nhflng van de cd tinh lich su, day thu thach vd cam go nhu bien ddi hdu, suy kiet tai nguyen mdi trudng De giai quyet tdt bai loan bdo ve mdi trudng can thiet nghien cuu va trien khai ket hgp nhieu nhdm bien phdp khae Ddng thdi, cung cdn phai tien hdnh dp dung cac giai phdp uu lien Trong sd dd, nhdm gidi phdp ndng cao nhgn thuc mdi trudng cho thi he tre (tdng ldp hpc sinh) la khdng Ihl bd qua bdi nd chilm mpl vai trd va vj tri ldi quan trgng Nhun^ Irudc hel, nhat thilt phai xac djnh dugc cac nhdm nhdn td lac dpng, quyet djnh den nhan thuc mdi trudng nhdm md hinh hda mdi quan he dd lam ca sd de xuat cac giai phdp thiet thuc cho qud trinh nang cao nhdn thirc mdi trudng ddi vdi hgc sinh Trong dd, nhan thuc mdi irudng cd the xem nhu Id su ldng ghep gifla hai vdn de nhdn thirc vdi mdi trudng ma dugc hinh thdnh tu gido dye, lay giao due ldm can ban Nhan thuc mdi trudng lire * Tnrdng D^i hpc Khoa hgc - Djii hpc Hu6 ' Vif n TSi nguyen, Moi tnrcmg vk Cong nghe Sinh hpc - Dai hpc Hue DAO TAO DIA LY; PHU'ONG PHAP VA CONG NGHg NGHIEN CLTU DIA LY Hgi Oja ly va Tai nguyen Moi Iruong Thiia Thien Hue Hoi Dja ly ViCtN,^ la mdt qud trinh nhan thirc ve nhflng su hieu biet cdc kien thirc thugc vl ITnh vyc mdi trucrng NghTa la dl cap den su nhin nhan, muc hiiu bill ve mdi trudng md cy the la cdc van de chinh nhu nhirng khia cgnh chinh ciia cdc vdn dl thudc phgm trii mdi trudng Nhan thuc mdi trudng cd sii menh nang cao nhdn thuc va hiiu bill vl mdi trudng de thong qua cd Ihl thyc hicn chirc ndng gido due moi uudng Bdi le, xudt phat tu nhdn thirc se tdc ddng Idm xudt hign cac lien tudng, roi tu dd dua dln nhflng quyll dinh vdhdnh dpng diing dan Trudc nhung yeu cdu buc thill dd, cdn thiet han bao giir het Id phai nghien ciru xay dirng md hinh nhdn Ihirc moi trudng d thi he hgc sinh, nhung chii nhan thirc s^ ciia luang lai Xem xel dudi gdc d ludi hgc sinh Irung hgc phd thdng (THPT) ndi chung ,a hpc sinh THPT tinh Quang Trj ndi rieng, nhdm tac gid nhgn thay Id mdt viec lam rat thict thirc va CO nhieu y nghTa DOI TU'ONG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Doi tugng nghicn ciiu - Ddi lugng: Hgc sinh THPT tinh Quang Tri - Pham vi: Cac viing mien Ihanh lhi va ndng thdn d tinh Qudng Trj QUANG TRI MAP Hinh I Sa khu vu-c khdo sdi Idy mdu nghien cihi Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thit 6; Thdnh phd Hue, 9/20 HQi Dia ly Vict Nam H6i Pj^ 'y ^d Tai nguygn M6i Irirong ThiJa Thicn Hue IJ, Md hinh nghicn ciru Nhdng vdn de ca bdn ve moi irudng (BASE) Cdc lieu diem mdi tnrdng todn cdu (HSPOT) Hdu qud ciia d nhiem, suy thodi moi irudng (CONS) NHAN THlTC MOI TRU'OfNG AWA Lai ich ndng cao nhdn thux: mdi irudng (VALUE) Gidl phdp ndng cao nhdn lhuc moi Irudng (SOL) Cdc hdnh ddng mdi trudng cy the (ACT) Hinh Sa md hinh nhdn thuc moi Inrang Md hinh hda dinh tinh: AWA = f(BAS£, HSPOT, CONS, VALUE, SOL, ACT) Md hinh hda dinh luong: AWA = p,*BASE + P2*HSP0T + p3*C0NS + p4*VALUE + ps*SOL + p6*ACT 2.3 Quy trinh nghien cuii Nghien cuu ndy su dung bdng hdi cho nhflng lya chgn theo thang Likert diem: (1) Hodn todn khong ddng y -^ (5) Hoan todn dong y nh?m xdy dung md hinh nhdn thuc mdi trudng d hgc sinh THPT tinh QuangTrj Cu the dugc lien hdnh theo hai budc nhu sau: Nghien cuu so bg (djnh tinh); (i) Xdc djnh khung va ca mau; (ii) Thiet ke thang sa bg; (iii) Trao ddi, lay y kiln, khao sal lhi diem va tham vdn chuyen gia dl hoan thien bd cau hdi cho nghien cim; (iv) Hodn thi?n thang chinh thirc Nghien curu chinh thirc (dinh lugng): (i) Lay mdu; (ii) Bien tap, xu ly du lieu; (iii) Kiem dinh, danh gia ket qiia BAO TAO DIA LY PHLTONG PHAP VA CONG NGHf NGHIKN CUU DiA LY Hyi Pja ly va Tdi nguyen Mfii truong Thtia Thien Hue HQi Dja ly Vi^l Nam Nghien ciru tiln hanh khdo sat va lay mau theo phuang chgn mdu ngdu nhien cd phdn ldp Dfl lieu thu thap dugc xu ly bdng phdn mim SPSS 13.0 va AMOS 16.0 for Windows KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Thdng ke mo ta ve mau Trong nghien cii-u nay, chimg ldi tiln hdnh khdo sat nghien cuu vdi ldng sd phieu cho nghicn ciru djnh lugng la 750 theo co cau 150 cho mdi irudng va theo ty le loan khdi THPT Id 50:50:50 Sau kill licn hanh lam sach, kilm tra va xir lysa bg cd kit qua thu dugc 617 philu dat yeu cdu (tuang ung 82%) Ngodi phan nho du tieu trdng, mau nghien ciiu cd ty Ie % gidi tinh nam/nfl Id 57,5: 36,! (6,4% dir lieu trdng); so hgc sinh cdc Idp 10 din 12 tuang urng % nhu sau: 25,3/37,3/28,0 (9,4% Jit lieu trdng) Vl dia phuang cu trii va hgc lap tuong flng ty I? 26,7% d Trudng THPT Le Lgi (TP Dong Ha); 25,3% Ihugc Trudng THPT Thi xa Qudng Trj; 12,8% thupc trudng THPT Trieu Phong; 15,6% Irudng THPT Hai Lang; va 13,8% d Trudng THPT VTnh Linh Ben canh dd, gid trj trung binh ciia cdc bien quan sat dao dgng thap nhat la bien "^HSP0T2_ '••'iiy thodi tdng Ozone " vdi Mean = 3,8006; SD = 0,83577 va cao nhat la bien "AWA4_Con ngudi cdn irdi ddt han Id Trdi dal cdn ngudi" (Mean = 4,4506; SD = 0,78205) 3.2 Kct qua danh gia thang so bg Nghien cuu ddnh gid thang sa bg dua vao he sd Cronbach's Alpha va he sd tuong quan bien tdng Nhung biln quan sdt nao khdng dam bdo lieu chi cd he so tuang quan biln tdng ldn hon b;iiig 0,3 (Nunnally & Burnstein, 1994) va Ihang khdng ddm bao Cronbach's Alpha Idn hcni 0,6 (Peterson, 1994) se bj gat bd trudc tiln hdnh cdc thu tuc phan tich lilp Iheo Kit qua kiem djnii cac thang dlu thda man Cronbach's Alpha > 0,6 Rieng he s6 tuang quan biln tdng ciia 16 hicn BASEl, BASE6, BASE7, C0NS8, C0NS9, CONS 10, CONSll, S0L5, ACTI, ACT2, ACT3, ACr4, ACT5, ACT14, AWA7 va AWA8 khdng thda man (0,5) cho thdy qua trinh phan tich nhdn td EFA la thich hgp Sau tien hanh In'ch xoay nhdn td vdi nhdm thdnh phdn cau true dugc tao dap irng thoa man vcri chi s6 Eigenvalues = 1,603 (>1,0) va phuang sai trich dugc la 51,347% (>50%.) Dilu ddng nghTa vdi viec qua trinh EFA vdi 38 bicn quan sal dau vdo cua he thdng thang muc dg hieu bicl moi Irudng ba dau da loai bd them bien cd he sd tdi nhd hon 0,5; cu the la cac biln HSPOTl, HSP0'I2, HSP0T7, HSP0T8, HSP0T9 va C0NS7 dl cdn lai 32 bien ung vdi phdn cau true Nhu vay, vdi nhom cdu true sau In'ch xoay ciia md hinh ldn lugt cd he so Cronbach's Alpha dlu ldn han gid trj yeu cdu 0,6 nhu sau BASE: 0,654; HSPOT: 0,698; CONS: 0,741; VALUE: 0,674; SOL: 0,684, va ACT: 0,736 Dieu ndy khdng djnh thang ludng hay phan cau Iriic ciia mo hinh nghien cuu la dam bao cho viec thict lap xay dung md hinh cdc budc hay thii luc phdn tich tiep theo Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dta ly Todn qudc ldn thii 6; Thdnh phd Hui 9/20 Pja ly vd Tdi nguyen Moi iruong i nu^ Bang 3.1 Kd qua ma trgn nhdn td sau xoay (Varimax with Kaiser Biin BASE3 BASE2 BASE4 BASES HSP0T4 HSP0T5 HSP0T6 HSP0T3 C0NS2 CONSl C0NS3 C0NS5 C0NS4 C0NS6 VALUE3 VALUE1 VALUE2 VALUE6 VALUES VALUE4 0,695 0,650 0,643 0,589 0,836 0,773 0,573 0,543 0,686 0,6S4 0,6S3 0,642 0,S92 0,511 0,845 0,640 0,875 0,810 0,6S6 Normalization) Eigenvalues Phucmg sai trich, 5,59S 15,543 0,654 4,815 28,917 0,698 2,464 35,761 0,741 2,170 41,788 0,674 1,838 46,893 0,684 1,603 51,347 0,736 Nhan to % Cronbach's Alpha 0,584 SOLI S0L2 S0L3 S0L4 ACTS ACTll ACT12 ACTIO ACTI ACT9 ACT6 ACT7 0,867 0,8 IS 0,830 0,770 0,852 0,814 0,710 0,652 0,585 0,584 0,875 0,642 3.4 Phan ti'ch nh3n to khang dinh CFA Tfl kit qua eiia qud trinh EFA, nghien ciru tilp lye tiln hdnh thii tuc CFA cho timg phdn clu true cung nhu md hinh tdng quat vdi cdng cu phdn mem AMOS 16.0 for Windows Trong budc lay, nghien cuu tiln hdnh logi bd nhflng biln cd trgng sd kem (