JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci , 2014, Vol 59, No 6, pp 71 76 DOI M 6 I KIEM TRA DANH GIA MON NGU VAN 5 TRUCJNG PHO THONG THEO DINH H U 6 N G PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC Phung Thi Van Anh Vu[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No 6, pp 71-76 DOI M I KIEM TRA - DANH GIA MON NGU VAN TRUCJNG PHO THONG THEO DINH H U N G PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC Phung Thi Van Anh Vu Gido due Thudng xuyen Be} Gido due vd Ddo tgo Tom tat Phdt tril'n nang life ngitdi hoc iii mot nhflng dinh hudng ddi mdi trpng yeu ciJa chUdng trinh giao due phd thong sau 2015 Trong bdi canh hien nay, kiem tra - diinh gia difdc coi iii trpng diem ddi mdi, gop phin thuc day ddi mdi phifdng phap day hoc, phdt trien nang life ngUPi hpc ddng thdi tao nen nhflng chuyen bien tich cifc, thifc chit hdn chat lupng giao due phd thong Doi vPi mon Ngfl van, ngoiii viec hUdng den hinh thiinh cac niing life chung, bo mon tap trung hinh thiinh viiphat tril'n cdc nang iitc chuyen biet; doc hieu van ban (nghe, doc), tao lap van ban (vilt, ndi) va cam thu van hgc (xiic cam Iham mi) Tie khoa: Kiem tra - ddnh gid, phdt trien nang life, nang lUc Ngii van Md dau Giao due theo hudng phat trien nang life ngudi hpe ndi chung, kiem ira - danh gia theo dinh hudng phat trien nang life ndi rieng da va dang trd mdt nhflng xu thi lit yiu va phd quai eua giao due tren the gidi, Cl Viet Nam, iheo tinh than Nghi quyet sd 29-NQ/TW Hdi nghi lin thfl cua Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng khda XI nham ddi mdi can ban loan dien giao due vii dao tao, mdt nhflng djnh hudng doi mdi yeu cua chUdng trinh giao due thdng sau 2015 la phat tril'n nang luc ngUdi hpc [4], Theo dinh hudng dd, can trien khai ddi mdi mdt each ddng bp: chuong trinh sach giao khoa, phUdng phap day hpc, kiem tra - danh gia Tuy nhien, bdi canh hien nay, tren cd sd kl ihfla nhflng Uu diem ciia chUdng trinh vii sach giao khoa hien dimg, kiem Ira - danh gia dUpc coi la trpng diem ddi mdi, gdp phan thuc day doi mdi phUdng phap day hpc, phat trien nang life ngUdi hpc ddng thdi lao nen nhflng chuyen biln ifch cue, ihifc chll hdn chat lUdng giao due phd thdng [1, 2, 3, 5] Trong xu hUdng chung, chuyen kiem tra - danh gia Ifl "tap Irung viio kiln thflc" sang "lap trung viio nang life", bai bao gidi thieu nhflng kit qua nghien cflu cd dUdc vl viec ddi mdi kiem Ira - danh gia mdn Ngfl van d trUdng Ihdng Iheo djnh hudng phat irien nang lite Ngay nhiin biii' 2/12/2013 Ngay nhiin dang, 10/5/2014 Lien he- Phiing Thj Viin Anh, e-mail- ptvanh@moet,edu Phung Thi Viin Anh Noi dung nghien cdu 2.1 Tiep can quan diem danh gia nang lu'c Tren the gidi, Ifl nhflng nam cudi ihl ki XX, cac qudc gia chau Au da xiiy dung dii an nghien cflu vi nang life "Niing life la kha niing kll hdp cac cac kiin thflc, kT nang (nhan thflc vii thiic hanh), thai dp, dpng cd, cam xflc, gia tri, dao dflc dl' thifc hien cac nhiem vu hoc tap irong bdi canh, tinh hudng thUc liln mdt each hieu qua" [9] Theo each liep can nay, viec danh gia nang life phai lUdng dupc, "phai difa tren cd sd ca nhan ngUdi hpc thiic hien cac nhiem vu mang ifnh thifc tiln hdn lii so sanh hp ihUc hien idl thi nao so vdi ngudi khac" "Danh gia nang life ngUdi hpc la ludng su phat trien nang luc ca nhan cfla ngudi hoe difa theo chuan thiic hien dd chuan thuc hien la sU cu the hda muc lieu giao due da quy djnh", cd sd de danh giii nang lite ngUdi hoc la chuan diu cua chUdng trinh, la "nhutig ket qua mong mudn hpc sinh can bill, hieu va cd the lam dUdc tai cudi d p hpc, Idp hpc/nhdm Idp" 2.2 He thong nang Itfc chung va nang luc chuyen biet mon Ngd van Vdi each hieu nang lUc la kha nang "van dung nhflng kien Ihflc, kT nang dUdc hpc irdng nha trUdng kll hpp vdi nhflng kinh nghiem cua ban than thu difdc ben ngoiii nha trUdng de giai quylt nhiing vin dl linh hudng, bdi canh mang tfnh thUc lien" [8], nang life tdn tai dudi hai hinh thflc: nang Iitc chung va nang liic chuyen biel He thdng nang life chung gdm nhdm: (1) Nhdm nang life lam chu va phat triin ban than: Nang lUc tU hpc, Nang life giai quylt vin dl, Nang life sang lao (Nang life tU duy), Nang life til quan If (2) Nhdm nang luc vl quan he xa hpi: Nang life giao tilp Nang life hdp lac, hdi nhiip, (3) Nhdm nang life cdng cu: Nang life sfl dung cdng nghe ihdng tin vii truyen thdng (ICT), Nang life sfl dung ngdn ngfl, Niing liic tfnh loan Trong dd, Nang luc tu (tu hinh lUdng), Nang lUc sfl dung ngdn ngfl dUdc hinh thanh, phat trien thuan ldi va cd hieu qua nhll d mdn Ngfl van Dilu niiy xuit phai ifl nhflng net rieng mang tfnh dac thfl ciia mdn Ngfl van: vfla la bd mdn khoa hpc vfla la bd mdn nghe thuat Vdi lU each la mdt mdn hoc, Ngfl van lii mdi phin cau tao cfla chUPng trinh van hoa cd ban tnfdng phd thdng Mdn Ngfl van cung vdi eac bd mdn khac cd nhiem vu cung d p cho hpc vien nhflng hieu bill, nhflng kT nang nhat djnh, Muc tieu cfla mon Ngfl viin irong nha trudng ngoai viec cung d p cho hoc sinh nhflng kiln thflc phd thong, Cd ban, hien dai, cd tfnh he thdng vl ngdn ngfl (trpng lam lii tieng Viet) va van hoc (trong tam Ja van hpc Viet Nam), phu hdp vdi trinh dp phai Irien cua Ifla tudi va yeu d u diio tao nguon nhan lite thdi kl cong nghilp hda, hien dai hda dll nudc; hinh thiinh vii phai men nang life sfl dung lieng Viet, tilp nhan van hpc, cam thu tham mT cdn tap trung bdi dUdng tinh than, tinh cam nhu tinh yeu tilng Viet, yeu thien nhien, gia dinh, long tu hao 72 f)di nidi kiem Ira - ddnh gid mim Ngit vdn d trudng phd thdng theo dinh hudng dan lpc , Ngfl van cdn lii bd mdn nghe thual - nghe thuat ngdn tfl Ngdn tfl la chat lieu xiiy dung lac pham van hpe Hinh lUdng la phUdng thflc tdn lai cua van hpc, la yen td kll tinh linh cam, y dd eua tac gia, tU lUdng cua tac pham Trong qua trinh tilp nhan cae tac pha'm van hpc, mudn hieu hinh tUpng nghe thuat, tnidc hit phai giai ma, ehilm linh ngdn ngfl nghe thuat Nhd Ihl, ngudi hpc iflng budc dupc Iam quen trau ddi, nang cao nang life lU hinh tUdng va sfl dung ngdn ngfl me de, tao lien dl thuan Idi de sfl dung ngdn ngfl nude ngoiii Ngdn ngfl la phUdng lien de giao tilp va la cdng cu de lU duy, Khi lain chu dupe dpi quan chfl nghTa Iii ngUdi ndi ngUdi viel da the hien dUdc nang life giao tilp cua ban than Do linh dae ihfl bd mdn, ngoai nhflng nang life chung, mdn Ngfl van hUdng din viec hinh thiinh cac niing luc chuyen biet: doc hie'u van ban (nghe dpc), lao lap van ban (vilt, ndi) va cam thu van hpc (xuc cam iham mT), Tuy nhien, nang life va cac td cua nd khdng phai la khai niem nhll thiinh bat bien mii dupc hinh thiinh vii phiil tril'n lien luc Mdi kll qua kiem Ira chi la mpi lat cat Vi vay, dc viec kiem tra - danh gia dUdc chinh xac, khach quan, khoa hpc, cln sfl dung nhieu kenh thdng lin lam thudc diinh gia Lau nay, vl tap trung viio kiin thflc, viec kiem Ira - danh gia mon Ngfl van ndi neng vii ciic bp mdn ndi chung chu yeu la chim diem phuc vu muc dfch xIp loai Mdn Ngfl van gdm ba phan mdn: van hoc, tieng Viet, liim van, hudng den viec hinh vii phai trien ki nang nghe, ndi, dpc, viel vii xuc cam iham mT cho ngudi hoc nhung thuc ti, theo Quy che diinh giii xep loai hpc sinh THCS vii THPT hien hiinh, viec kiem tra - danh gia mdn Ngfl van chu yeu lit kiem Ira, cham diem bai viel phiin kiem Ira ndi chu yiu iii kie'm tra thudng xuyen, nham Uii hien nhflng kien thflc da ghi chep dupc tren Idp Theo dinh hudng phat trien nang luc, can quan triet "trill If danh gia: danh gia de phat irien hpc lap, danh gia nhu lii qua trinh hoe va danh gia kel qua hpc tap" Theo dd, vice kiem tra - danh gia "chuyen tfl mdt chilu thiinh da chiiu", khdng chi giao vien (giao vien chu nhiem vit giao vien bd mdn) diinh gia ma ca hpc sinh cflng tham gia danh gia, tif danh gia, diinh gia lan nhau; "chuyen danh giii tfl mpt hoai ddng ddc lap vdi qua trinh diiy hpe sang lich hdp diinh giii vao qua trinh day hoc, xem danh gia lii mpi phifdng phiip day hpc" [7], danh gia vi su lien bp ciia ngUdi hpc 2.3 De xuat doi mdi kiem tra - danh gia mon Ngd van d truong thong theo hrfdng phat trien nang Iufc Nghl quyet ve ddi mdi can biin, loan dien giao due diio tao neu rd: "Tiep tuc ddi mdi manh me phifdng phiip diiy vii hoc theo hudng hien dai; phat huy tfnh tfch circ, chu ddng, sang tao va van dung kiln Ihflc, kT nang ctia ngudi hpc; khac phuc Idi Iruyen thu dp dat mdi chilu, ghi nhd may mdc De thuc hien nhiem vu, giai phap neu iren, can lap Irung diiy each hpc, each nghi, khuyin khich tu hpc, lao cd sd de ngUdi hpc tu cap nhat va ddi mdi tri Ihitc kT nang, phIt 73 Phiing Thi Viin Anh Irien nang lUc Chuyen tfl hpc chu yiu tren Idp sang lo chflc hinh Ihflc hpc lap da dang, chu y eac hoai dpng xa hdi, ngoai khda, nghien cflu khoa hpc" Theo dd, viec ddi mdi kil'm tra - danh gia chll lUdng hpe tap cfla hpc sinh ndi chung, mdn Ngfl viin ndi neng theo hudng "phiit tnen nang lUc" dupe nhan dinh la "giai phap mang tfnh dpi pha" Viec danh gia kit qua giiio due phai phan anh raflc dp dat chuan chUdng trinh ( d p hpc, mdn hpc); phai cung elp ihdng lin dung, khach quan, kip Ihdi cho viec dieu chinh boat ddng day, hudng dan boat ddng hpc nham niing cao dan nang life hoc sinh Ddi vdi mdn Ngfl van, de kiem Ira - danh gia, phat trien lat ca cac kT nang nghe, ndi, dpc, viet va xflc cam tham mT cua hpc sinh, can da dang cac loai hinh, phUdng phap, ki thuat kiem ira - danh gia De tao nhflng chuyen bien tfch cUc hdn nfla viec kie'm tra danh gia mdn Ngfl van, de giflp hpe sinh lif so sanh, lU nhan sii Ihay ddi cfla minh • qua irinh ihuc hien muc tien dat ra, cln kit hpp kil'm tra ihudng xuyen, kiem tra dinh kl; phdi hpp sfl dung kll qua danh gia qua irinh hpe vdi danh gia cudi kl, cudi nam hpc; danh gia eiia ngifdi day vdi lU danh gia cua hpc sinh; danh gia cua nha IrUdng vdi danh gia cua gia dinh va cfla xa hpi; chfl trpng sfl dung cac hinh ihflc, kT ihuat kiem tra - danh gia mdi Trong do, cd the ke den mdt sd hinh thflc, kT Ihual kiem ti-a - danh gia sau day: a) Quan sdt vd ghi chep: Day la mpt hinh Ihflc danh gia thudng xuyen Giao vien quan sal, ghi chep nhflng bieu hien, biln ddi ciia ngUdi hpc sau mdi gid hpc: thiii dp, hanh vi hpc tap, phUdng phap hpc, mflc dp xfl If thdng lin, kha nang hdp tac h) Cimg ddnh gid: Kit hpp lii danh gia va danh gia cua ngUdi khac (giao vien, ban hpc) nham lao khdng gian ddi thoai gifla ngudi hpc vii giao vien, tang lUdng thdng lin thu thap liim cd sd danh gia khach quan, da chieu, Bdi le, qua trinh hpc, ngUdi hpc khong chi hpc ifl thiy cd "nhat lu vi sU, ban tu vi sU" ma cdn hpc tfl ban be "hpc ihiy khdng lay hpc ban" Dieu the hien sii chfl dpng, tfch cUc ciia ngudi hpc lich luy kien thflc kinh nghiem,.,, Tuy nhien, stf danh gia cudi cflng vin Ihupc vl giao vien c) Bdn dd tuduy: cdng cu td chflc Iheo hudng dd hoa, giflp ngudi hoc ddng nao (ap dung hieu qua hoc liing Viet, hpc cac bai khai quat hoac on lap mon Van hpc) d) Tap san/chuyen di: Cd the sfl dung de danh gia quy u-lnh hoc tap va phat trien cua ngudi hoc Giao vien cd the gdi y cac cau hdi, cac vin dl/bai tap Idn dl ngUdi hoc ira ldi Dieu thUdng cung d p nhflng thdng lin ldng hdp vl viec hoc l^p cua ngUdi hpc (Vf dll, chUdng trinh Ngfl van 10, giao vien cd thd gdi y dl lai cho ngUdi hoc thiet ke cac lap san/ chuyen de phu hdp vdi ndi dung bai hoc: Hinh anh cd ca dao, Chan dung Nguyen Trai thd, Hinh anh ngUdi phu nfl xa hdi phong kilntrong ChUdng trinh Ngfl van 11, cd thd gpi md cae vin Ak: Quan niem linh' yeu Irong thd Mdi, ChUdng Irinh Ngfl van 12 cd Ihl dat cac cau hdi: Ngudi chiln si thd ea khang chien chdng Phap, Hinh anh ngudi mdi Irong van xudi thdi kl xay dUng chu nghia xa hpi ) e) Trinh bdy mieng: Tan dung thcfi gian va ngoiii Idp hoc giao vien tao cd hpi 74 Dii) mdi kiem tra - ddnh gid mdn Ngd vdn d trudng phd thdng theo dinh hudng de ngudi hpc chia se, trao ddi thao luan kiln thflc, suy nghT, chfnh kiln cua minh, Ngoai viec kiem tra vilt (kiem tra dinh ki), kiem tra mieng (kiem tra IhUdng xuyen), cd the sfl dung hinh thflc thi vin dap (kiem tra dinh ki) ddi vdi hpc sinh trung hpc, g) H('} sa d.()c: Giao vien yeu clu ngUdi hpc luu irfl lat ca tin lieu doc doc lap cua hpc sinh Hd sd chfla diing tat ca cac lac pham da hoan va ca nhflng lac phii'm chUa hoan thanh: ten bai bao, cudn sach, tac pham, nhflng nhan xel, binh luan mang tinh phan hdi ca nhan ve cac lac phii'm mil hoc sinh da vii dang dpc, Viec thao luan dinh kl hd sd giflp giao vien danh gia mflc dd phiil Irien cfla ngUdi hpc vdi lU each iii ngUdi dpc dpc Uip, gdi y cac each ihflc de giao vien khich le, dpng vien hpc sinh Hd sd dpc cd the dita viio hd sd hpc tap cfla hoc sinh, h) Ke lgi chuyen: Sau hpc sinh dpc mdt cau chuyen hoiic nghe dd dpc, giao vien yeueau hpc sinh ke'Iai Qua ciich ke, cd the ihu thap dupc thdng tin: mflc dp tiep thu, ghi nhan cua hpc sinh, thai dp, chfnh kien cua hpc smh ve nhan vat, sU kien iruyen, kit thuc cau chuyen, Ngoiii nhflng hinh thflc, ki thuat kiem tra - danh giii Iren, qua irinh diiy hoc, liiy tflng ndi dung day hpc ctj the, can cfl viio dieu kien day hpc, ddi Ifldng day hoc cu the, giiio vien chii ddng, lua chpn va phdi hdp cac hinh thflc kiem tra - danh gia khac nhU: Hoc lap theo du an, phieu danh gia, tt.f danh gia , gdp phan nang cao gia iri khoa hoc cua kel quii kiem tra - danh gia, tren cd sd dd, dilu chinh viec day va hpc, ciii ihien chat lUdng day hpc Ket luan Vdi dinh hUdng vii each van dung da dang, linh hoat cac hinh thflc, kT thual nhU tren viec kie'm tra, danh gia chll lUdng hpc sinh ndi chung va kie'm ira - danh gia mdn Ngfl van ndi rieng thdi gian ldi se tiinh dupc sU ddn dieu, hinh thflc, phiin dien Kll quil danh gui chit Ifldng hpc tap bp mdn difdc phan anh vii lien hiinh tfl nhieu binh dien nhim bpc Id nhflng sang lao neng eua hpc sinh, phat huy tdi da tiim nang, sd trudng cfla hpc sinh, gdp phin thuc hien thing Idi ddi mdi can ban va loiin dien giao due va diio lao TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [!] Ki yiu hpi thao "Kiem tra - ddnh gid de phdt huy tinh tich cite ciia hoc sinh d hdc trung hgc" Dai hpc SU pham Tp Hd Chf Minh, 6/2006 [2| Ki yeu hdi thao khoa hpc "Gido due vi su phdt trien ben vung thdi dgi todn cdu hdci\ Dai hpe Su pham Hii Ndi, 12/2005 [31 Nguyin Cdng Khanh, 2004 Ddnh gid vd ludng khoa lu>c xd hen Nxb Chfnh iri Qudc gia [4] Nghj quyet sd 29-NQ/TV/ Hdi nghi Ian thfl cfla Ban Chip hiinh Trung udng khda XI vl ddi mdi ciin ban loan dien giao due va dao lao [5 j Leen Pil, 2011 Modal: Ddnh gid dgy Iwc tich cue Tai lieu lap huln, 75 Phiing Thi Viin Anh [6] Tai lieu tap huln giao vien: Day hgc kiim tra ddnh gid theo chudn kien thdc, ki ndng chuang trinh gido due thudng xuyen cdp THPT (Tai lieu lUu hiinh ndi bd, 6/2012) [7] Tiii lieu hdi thao "Ttfng kit nghien citu gido due phi) thdng cua Viet Nam vd mdt sd nudc tren thi gidi de xudt hudng nghien cdu tiep theo vi ddi mdi gido dtic phd thdng soundm20l5cua V/Vf/Vam", HiiNpi, 11/2012 [8] Tai lieu tap huan chuyen mdn ve danh gia giao due - Chuang trinh hd trg gido due phdt trien cita Nga - thang 4, 2014 [9] Nguyen Thi Lan Phifdng, 2014 Quy trinh xdy dung chudn ddnh gid ndng luc ngudi hgc theo dinh hudng phdt tnen chugng trinh gido due phd thdng mdi Tap chf Khoa hpc giao due, sd 101, thang ABSTRACT Literature testing and evaluation based on a competency approach Developing student/learner competency is a key approach in the innovation-oriented programs of general education that is lo go into effect in 2015 Testing/iissessmenl is one of the key innovations that is lo lead lo an innovation of leaching methods, increased students competence find an improvement in the quality of basic educiUion With regards lo the subject of literature, m addition lo increased competency, there is to be a focus on the creating and developing improved text comprehension (listening, reading), text creation (writing, speaking) and receptor literary (aesthetic emotion) ... mdi kiem tra - ddnh gid mdn Ngd vdn d trudng phd thdng theo dinh hudng de ngudi hpc chia se, trao ddi thao luan kiln thflc, suy nghT, chfnh kiln cua minh, Ngoai viec kiem tra vilt (kiem tra dinh... Idp Theo dinh hudng phat trien nang luc, can quan triet "trill If danh gia: danh gia de phat irien hpc lap, danh gia nhu lii qua trinh hoe va danh gia kel qua hpc tap" Theo dd, vice kiem tra. .. xa hdi, ngoai khda, nghien cflu khoa hpc" Theo dd, viec ddi mdi kil''m tra - danh gia chll lUdng hpe tap cfla hpc sinh ndi chung, mdn Ngfl viin ndi neng theo hudng "phiit tnen nang lUc" dupe nhan