/^•N YEU CAU VA NOI DUNG GIAO DUC QUYEN CON NGUCII 6 TRINH DO SAU DAI HOC NGANH LUAT Le Thi Huang* Quydn eon ngudi va bao ve quydn eon ngudi la mot gia tri chung cua nhan loai, la mOt trong nhung tru[.]
/^•N YEU CAU VA NOI DUNG GIAO DUC QUYEN CON NGUCII TRINH DO SAU DAI HOC NGANH LUAT Le Thi Huang* uydn eon ngudi va bao ve quydn eon Qngudi la mot gia tri chung cua nhan loai, la mOt nhung tru cot mang tinh chi'nh trj - phap ly cua su phat trien xa hdi Mac dau dau van eon co nhiing khac biet nhan thiic vd tinh phd quat hay npi ham khai niem quydn ngudi cung nhu nhirng khac biet hidu biet vd eae ITnh vuc quyen hoac tham chi la su hieu biet vd cac quydn eu thd, nhung ed the chic chin ring hau nhu khdng co nhifng y kien ddi lap vd su cin thiet phai giao due quydn ngudi va bao ve quydn ngudi, it nha't la tren phan Idn eae qudc gia ciia the gidi van minh - noi ma ndn van minh dat dupe la ket qua eiia sir da'u tranh lau dai, cam go nhim xac lap trgn thuc td cac quydn ngudi, quydn cdng dan cung nhu tao lap cac bao dam dd tri tinh hien thue xa hpi eiia cac quydn Giao due quydn eon ngudi la sir tac dpng CO he Ihdng, co muc dich va thudng xuyen tdi y thifc eua eon ngudi, nhim trang bi cho hp kien thifc vd quydn eon ngudi de hp co y thifc diing vd quydn ngudi, ton trpng, tu giac va ed ky nang xii su theo yeu cau ciia viec bao dam, bao ve va thuc hien quydn eon ngudi Noi mot each cu the ban, giao due quyen ngudi la day each phat huy nang lire, kien thiic va each tu sira chtfa sai pham viec bao ve nhifng quydn tu nhign eiia ngudi nhU: Quydn sdng, quydn tu do, quyen dupe muu cau hanh phiic, quydn dupe bao \'e va binh ding trudc phap luat, quydn an ninh than thd, quydn khong bj hinh phat tan bao va bat binh thudng Giao due quydn ngudi cung la giao due ve quydn dan sir, xa hpi, kinh td, van boa va sir ton trpng TS Luat hoc, Hpc vidn Chi'nh trj - Hanh chinh qudc gia \\6 Chi Minh quydn ngudi, giiip cho cac chu thd co kien thifc dd bao ve quydn ngudi ciia minh ma eu the la: Giao due quydn khong bj phan biet dd'i xir d mpi khu vuc va trinh dp; quydn dupe thong tin vd sife khoe, dinh dudng, sinh san va ke hoach boa gia dinh; quydn dupc giao due; quydn binh ding giifa nam va nif va binh dang giifa eae vien gia dinh va xa hdi; quydn dupc lam viec va nhan dupe tidn cong du cho mife sdng; quydn tu suy nghT, tu tudng, ton giao; quydn eo miic sdng d^y dii; quydn tham gia vao viec dua cac quyg't djnh va chinh sach anh hudng ddn cong ddng, viing, qudc gia va qudc te Nhu vay, tir khia canh muc tieu, giao due quydn eon ngudi eo vai tro dang kd viec thu hep khoang each giffa nhifng quydn mang tinh ban nang ciia ngudi tu nhign va nhifng quydn mang tinh xa hpi, giifa nhifng quy djnh vd quydn eon ngudi eae van ban phap luat va thuc tidn ap dung, la cau ndi nhtmg gi thuPe vd kha nang, nang luc, nhu cau ciia ngudi ddn mot trinh dp, mot y nghTa ddy dii va toan dien ban ve quydn ngudi Do dd, cimg vdi phap luat, giao due quydn ngudi chinh la didu kien de dam bao su hien dien trgn thuc te cae quydn eon ngudi Vdi pham vi rpng rai noi tren, giao due quydn ngudi co the va can thidt phai dupc trien khai trgn binh dien rpng, vdi nhidu ca'p dp, cho nhidu ddi tupng, vdi nhidu npi dung va hinh thiic, kgnh giao due khac nhau, tap trung mdt chien lupe giao due va bao ve quydn eon ngudi Trgn thirc te, giao due quydn eon ngudi hien dupc tidn hanh d cap dp qudc td, khu vuc va d mdi qudc gia Khach the ciia giao due quydn ngudi rdng va da dang, bao gdm khong chi the he tre (bpc sinh, sinh vign) ma edn la cac nha nghign eifu, cac can bp cong chifc nha 61 mA NUdc VA PHAPLuATSd 4/201( nudc, dac biet la cac cong chiic boat dpng cac ITnh vuc true tidp lien quan den viec bao ve quyen ngudi Ndi dung giao due quydn ngudi rat phong phii va theo giao due quydn ngudi eo the dupc thuc hien thong qua cac kgnh khac nhau: Sir dung cac loai hinh thong tin dai ehiing (sach bao, phat thanh, truydn hinh ); thuyet giang, tpa dam, hpi thao, hpi nghi; tbong qua cac boat dpng nhan dao; xay dung eae chuong trinh dua vao giang day cae cap hpc Mdi hinh thifc giao due ddu bao chifa nhifng npi dung nhat dinh hudng tdi nhifng muc tigu xac dinh Trong sd cac hinh thifc do, vice dua giao due quydn ngudi vao giang day, hpc tap tai cac cap bpc la ed hieu qua \a co tinh co ban nhat Bai vidt tap trung ban vd ygu cau va npi dung giao due quydn ngudi tai bac Cao hpc Luat d Viet Nam - mot cap hpc vira mang tinh chat chuygn sau theo hudng nang cao, vira mang tinh chat chuyen nganh, lien quan true tiep nha't tdi viec thd chd boa va bao ve quydn ngudi thuc tign Yeu ciiu cua vice giao due quyen ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat 1.1 Gido due quyen ngicdi phdi dupe xem Id mot nhiing npi dung trpng tdm chuong trinh ddo tao Cao hpc Ludt Muc tigu ciia dao tao d trinh dp Cao hpc la dao tao mot ldp ngudi eo kidn thifc ly luan xtfng vang, co nang lire thire hanh eo kha nang phat hien, phan tich va nghien ciiu giai quyet nhung \a'n dd thupc chuygn nganh dupe dao tao Ddng thdi dae trung ciia dao tao sau dai bpc noi chung, dao tao d trinh dp Cao hpc noi rigng la dao tao xuat phat tir nhu cau ciia xa hpi va dupe thuc hien chii ydu bing dudng tu hpc, tu nghien eifu ciia bpc vien dudi sir hudng dan, gpi md ciia giang vign ngudi hudng dan khoa hpc Didu quydt dinh viec xac djnh khdi kidn thifc can trang bj cho hpc vien Cao hpc ciing nhu phuang phap truyen thu kien thifc cho hpc \ ign Tlieo tinh than noi trgn, hpc vien Cao hpc Luat phai la nhu'ng ngudi dupc tiep can 62 theo hudng vira toan dien vira chuyen sau ddi vdi cac kidn thifc ndn tang eiia khoa hpc phap ly, ddng thdi phai dupe ren luyen ky nang sir dung cac cong cu phap ly nhim xir ly cac van dd ciia ddi sdng hien thue Quydn eon ngudi vira la mot ITnh vuc tri thifc nen tang eua khoa bpc phap ly lai vira la hien thtre phap ly sinh dpng lign quan ddn hau het cae ITnh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hpi Vi vay, tri thifc vd quydn ngudi va ky nang sir dung eae cong eu phap ly dd bao ve quydn ngudi la lupng kidn thifc can dupe trang bi cho hoc vign Cao bpc Luat, tham chi ddi tupng edn can dupe xem la ed vj tri uu the thif tir uu tign giang day vd quydn eon ngudi Didu khing djnh lign quan tdi mot hien trang khac dang chd mot phuang an giai quydt Dd la viec chiing ta dang phai ddi mat vdi mot nhifng kho khan viec thiic diy cac boat dpng nghign eifu, giao due quydn ngudi va bao ve quydn eon ngudi thidu hut Idn ngudn can bp nghign eifu vd quydn ngudi va can bd giang day vd quydn ngudi CO trinh dp cao He qua true tidp ciia sir thidu hiit la quy mo nhd hep va thieu day dii cua cac boat dpng nghign ciiu ve quydn ngudi, dac biet la tinh trang chat lupng tha'p eiia boat dpng giao due quyen ngudi d cae cap hpc O trinh dp phd thong, hpc sinh chi dupe tiep can quydn ngudi thong qua viec bpc tap long ghep mon giao diic cong dan, thudng mot giao vign khong ehuygn va co ra't it kidn thifc vd quydn eon ngudi dupc ghi nhan phap luat qudc gia va phap luat qudc te dam nhan O trinh dp dai hpc, viec giao due quydn ngudi dupc tig'n hanh chi d mot so ITnh vuc ciia khoa hpc xa hpi (Chinh trj hpc, Tridt hpc, Xa hpi hpc, Luat hpc) vdi mot sir quan tam ehua day dii Ngay ca chuong trinh dao tao cir nhan Luat, sinh vien ciing chi dirng d viec tidp can mot phan kien thifc CO ban mang tinh chat ea sd vd quygn ngudi thd hien mon Luat Hidn phap vdi chd dinh quydn va nghTa vu cong dan, mdn Luat Kinh td vdi quydn tu kinh ^^N^SS^^^§sj^S^S^^ doanh, mon Luat Dan sir vdi quydn tai san va nhan than, mon Luat Lao dpng vdi quydn co viec lam, mdn Cong phap qudc td vdi ehuygn de "dan cu Luat Qudc tg^' va true tiep nha't la chuygn dd tu chpn "Luat Qudc td vd quydn ngudi" Thuc te dang dat nhu cau phai tang cudng khdi kien thifc vdi thdi lupng thich hpp danh cho giao due quyen ngudi d bac Cao bpc Luat nhim vira bd tuc phan kidn thifc co ban thidu hut ciia xa hpi vd quydn ngudi, vira tao ngudn lire can thidt cho viec gia tang tac dpng giao due quydn ngudi Ign cae ddi tupng da dang xa hpi TTiuc tidn hien nay, viec nhan thiic tam quan trpng eiia viec giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao hpc noi chung, Cao bpc Luat noi rieng dang trd xu hudng phd bien d cae trudng dai hpc va cac vien, trung tam nghign eifu vd quydn eon ngudi trgn thd gidi nhu: Anh, TTiiiy Didn, Na Uy, Dan Mach, Thai Lan, Hdng Kong, Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban, v.v Tai cac nudc nay, viec giao due quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao bpc thudng dupe tidn hanh bdi eae chuong trinh dao tao thae sT "vd boat dpng xa hpi va quydn ngudi''; "vd quydn eon ngudi, chd dp dan chii va tu phap qudc tg""; "vd chd dp dan chii va quydn ngudi" didn khoang tir dg'n nam vdi khoang tir 80 den 120 chifng chi va ddu mang tinh chat lign nganh Chinh trj hpc - Tridt hpc - Xa hpi bpc - Luat hpc, cac chifng chi lign quan ddn tri thiic Luat hpc chidm vj tri chii dao 1.2 Gido due quyen ngudi d bde Cao hpc Ludt phdi nhdm dat dupe muc tieu ndng cao tri thicc vd ky ndng ve quyen ngicdi vd bdo ve quyen ngudi Giao due quydn ngudi dupe djnh nghla la: "Nhifng nd lire dao tao, tuyen truydn va thong tin ed muc dich xay dung van hoa phd quat vd quydn ngudi thong qua viec truydn dat nhung tri thifc, ky nang va hinh nhifng quan diem eo djnh hudng den: 1/ Tang cudng sir ton trpng quydn ngudi va cae tu co ban; 2/ Phat trien toan dien nhan each eon ngudi va y YEU CAU VA NOI DUNG nghTa ciia pham gia; 3/ Tang cudng sir hidu big't, tinh than khoan nhupng, binh ding gidi va tinh hifu nghj giifa cac dan tpc, giua nhifng ngudi ciia cac chiing tpc, cac nhom ngudi khac biet vd ngon ngu, ton giao, sic tpc va dan tpc; 4/ Mang lai cho tat ea mpi ngudi kha nang tham gia mot each co hieu qua mot xa hpi tu do; 5/ Diy manh cac boat dpng eiia Lign hpp qudc vd gin giif boa binh"' Mot each tdng quat nhat, muc dich ciia giao due quydn ngudi the hien su dan xen giua "giao due ton trpng quydn ngudi" vdi "tinh than hoa binh" hudng tdi thiic diy dau tranh vi su binh ding va boa binh trgn thd gidi Trgn thuc td, dd dat dupc muc tigu tdng quat noi trgn, giao due quydn ngudi phai nham dat dupc ba ygu cau eu thd phan anh ba cap dp ciia boat dpng giao due quydn eon ngudi Mdt Id, giao due dd hinh nhung kig'n thifc ndn tang vd quydn ngudi cho ddi tupng dupe giao due, dam bao cho cac ddi tupng co nhifng hidu biet nhat djnh vd cac quydn va tir ca ban ciia ngudi, y nghTa ciia cac quydn ddi vdi chinh hp va ddi vdi cong ddng, ve nghTa vu va quan he giua quydn va nghTa vu O cap dp nay, npi dung giao due eung khong chi thuan tiiy dirng d viec gidi thieu cac quydn nang phap ly ma thd hien d npi dung hudng dan phuang thifc dd ngudi vuon tdi eae quydn ma nhifng didu kien cu the hp can dupc hudng, binh tinh cam, y ehi, nguyen vpng eiia chu the viec thuc hien quydn ngudi Theo nghTa do, day la npi dung can dupc giao due dai tra Mon giao due cong dan dang dupe giang day d cap bpc phd thong va cac hinh thifc tuygn truydn giao due thong qua cac phuang tien thong tin dai chiing d nude ta hien dang dupc tridn khai theo hudng Hai Id, giao due nhim trang bj nhifng kien thiic co ban vd quydn ngudi, trgn co ' Ke hoach hanh dpng ciia TTiap ky Lien hpp qudc ve giao due quyen ngudi 1995 - 2004 63 mA NUdc vA PHAP LUAT sd 4/20i( sa dd lam hinh y thifc tdn trpng va bao ve quyen ngudi timg ca nhan va toan xa hdi Lien quan den nhirng kidn thifc eo ban la su can thidt lam sang td nhiing khai niem ve quyen ngudi su xem xet cac chuan muc qudc te va eae chuin muc qud'e gia vd quydn ngudi, quydn cdng dan eung nhu sir edn thiet phai nim vifng he thdng van ban phap ly qud'e te vd quydn ngudi, cac nhom quydn he thdng phap luat Viet Nam, trinh tu va cae eo ehe bao ve quydn eon ngudi Miic dp yeu cau can thiet va ed the dat dupe thong qua boat dpng giao due quydn eon ngudi d cap hpc dai bpc vdi nhifng djnh lupng khac cho cae djnh hudng chuyen nganh khac nhau, dd nhiem vu ehii dao thupc vd khdi ehuygn nganh luat Ba Id giao due nhim trang bj kien thifc ehuygn sau, trgn co sd hinh ky nang thue hien quyen ngudi bao gdm ea ky nang nhan thifc (ky nang tri tue) va ky nang thuc tidn (ky nang xa hpi) dd ddi tupng dupe giao due cd kha nang nhan bidt, tidp nhan su vat, hien tupng va kha nang sir dung mot each tdng hop cac didu kien hien cd de tiep can cong ly, bao ve va thue hien quydn ngudi Day chinh la muc tieu can dat dupe d cap hpc Cao hpc Luat Ket qua giao due quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat phai the bien d viec tao nhimg chuyen gia cd kidn thifc sau rpng ITnh vuc quydn eon ngudi, CO tam anh hudng rdng Idn den cae boat dpng nghien eifu va giang day vd quydn eon ngudi, co the sir dung kidn thifc dupe dao tao boat dpng nghd nghiep va qua dd CO tac dpng to Idn len eae nhdm ddi tupng phong phii va da dang nhung van dd cd lien quan ddn quydn ngudi 1.3 Gido due quyen ngudi a bac Cao hpc Ludt phdi quan triet quan diem cita Ddng Cong san Viet Nam ve quyen ngu&i, quyen cdng ddn bdi canh xdy dung Nha nuoc phdp quyen xd hpi chu nghia (XHCN) ciia nhdn ddn, nhdn ddn, vi nhdn ddn d nudc ta hien Quydn ngudi la gia trj chung dupe tich hop tir chidu dai ciia ljch sir nhan 64 loai nhung day eung la va'n de nhay cam vd chinh tri - phap ly Khi the gidi la mdt bifc tranh nhidu mau thi khdng the ed mot thudc eu the chung nha't dd mife dd tien bp nhan thifc vd nhan quyen va danh gia vd trinh dp phat tridn nhan quyen cho mpi qud'e gia O Viet Nam, van de bao ve quydn ngudi gin chat che vdi nhiem vu xay dung Nha nudc phap quydn XHCN Dang cdm quydn va Nha nude Viet Nam ludn khang djnh quan diem Nha nudc phap quyen la "Nha nude cua nhan dan, nhan dan, vi nhan dan", la Nha nude "cd trach nhiem bao ve quydn ngudi, quydn cdng dan", "con ngudi la vj tri trung tam cae eo chd ehinh sach phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi", "con ngudi vita la muc tieu, vira la ddng lire dd phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi" Chi thj sd 12CT/TW 12 thang nam 1992 eua Ban Bl thu trung uong Dang xac dinh: "Va'n dd quydn ngudi xuat phat tif ehinh muc tieu cua chu nghia xa hdi, tir ban chat ciia chd dO va bao quat rpng rai nhidu ITnh vuc Vi vay, bao ve va phat huy quydn ngudi la trach nhiem chung cho ta't ca cac ca'p, cac nganh va dja phuong phai tich cue, chu ddng thuc hien"^ Nhan quydn d Viet Nam (ket tinh chu ydu cac quydn co ban cua cong dan) da ludn la mdt che djnh quan trpng cac ban hien phap Trong nhiem vu xay dung Nha nudc phap quydn XHCN hien nay, vai trd cua phap luat vd quydn eon ngudi cd y nghia quan trpng viec chinh thifc hoa cac gia trj xa hdi cua quydn ngudi, tao mdt he dam bao chic chin rang quydn HI nhien vd'n ed eua ngudi dupc chuyen tai vao phap luat, trd mot he thdng quyen thue su, mang tinh hien djnh va phap djnh Didu dd ta't ydu ddi hoi viec giao due quyen ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat vira phai thd hien dupe tinh than hanh ddng vi ngudi cua Dang va Nha nudc ta, vira phai hudng tdi dao tao dupc nhifng chuyen gia phap luat co ^ Chi thj sd 12 - CT/TW 12 -7-1992 ciia Ban Bi thu trung irong Dang vd va'n dd quy^n ngudi va quan di^m, chu uuong ciia Dang ta WEU CAU VA NOI DUNG kha nang hien thuc boa tinh than hanh dpng cac chuan muc phap ly phu hpp 1.4 Gido due quyen ngudi d bac Cao hpc Ludt phdi dugc dat su tuong thich vdi dieu kien nhdn thdc vd dieu kien phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi d Viet Nam Phai thira nhan ring, mac dau Dang va Nha nudc Viet Nam luon lam hdt sife minh dd bao dam va thuc hien quydn eon ngudi trgn thuc td nhung boat dpng giao due quydn eon ngudi chua thd so sanh vdi boat dpng giao due quydn ngudi d cae nude chau Au va mot sd qudc gia khu vuc Didu nay, mot mat dSn den he qua la nhan thifc chung vd quydn ngudi chua dat dupc sir phd quat xa hpi, mat khac ehinh la sir giai thich cho su can thidt phai tinh ddn nhifng tac dpng nhidu mat ciia dieu kien nhan thife ddn npi dung giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao bpc Luat Nhidu nha nghign eifu cho ring, giao due quydn ngudi d Viet Nam co nhifng dac thii vd tinh phd cap, trinh dp va chat lupng Nha nudc Viet Nam luon "kdt hpp tinh phd bidn va tinh dac thii cua quydn ngudi nhan thifc va giai quyg't cac va'n dd vd quydn ngudi", coi "quydn ngudi co tinh giai cap, ddng thdi la mot gia trj nhan loai, quydn ngudi va quydn dan tpc ca ban la thdng nha't", "quydn ngudi phu thupc vao trinh dp phat tridn kinh tg', xa hpi, van boa va truydn thdng ciia dan tpc", "quydn ngudi, quydn cong dan phai dupc chd dp phap luat bao ve" \ Ngoai ra, cac ydu td lieh sir - van boa eung nhu trinh dp phat tridn kinh td, trinh dp y thifc cong dan noi chung, y thifc phap lual eiia dan chiing noi rigng cung can phai dupe ludng tinh thidt kd chuong trinh dao tao vd quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat Ching phai ngau nhign mil cai nhin vd quydn ngudi da la cai nhin truydn tho'ng ciia nhidu xa hpi Trong ngn van minh hien dai, viec danh gia trinh dp "Quan diem va chi'nh sach co ban ciia Dang va Nha nudc Viet Nam ve quydn ngudi", Giao trinh Ly luan ve quyen ngudi, Hpc vien Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh, Trung tam nghien cuu Quyen ngudi tig'n bp cua cac hien tupng xa hpi, trgn thuc td vSn rat can su tham gia cua cac tigu chuan quydn ngudi Bgn canh do, tinh dae thii, tinh giai cap, tinh khu vuc vdn la nhifng tinh chat cd hifu ciia quydn ngudi cang lam cho cac chuin muc quydn ngudi kho an nhap vdi ddi sdng hien thuc Trong do, bgn canh quydn ngudi co hang loat gia trj ciing loai nhu phong tuc, tap quan, ldi sdng, ndp tu cung dang dupc coi la cai can phai tinh den xac djnh tigu chuan ciia tien bp xa hpi Day la cai gia trj ma ndu thidu ving no thi xa hpi cong nghiep hien dai dd eo nguy co bidn "noi bat hanh" ciia eon ngudi Cung can noi thgm ring, nhjp dp phat tridn ciia xa hpi hien dai da lam cho mdi tuong quan giua ngudi va thd gidi (xa hpi va tu nhign) xung quanh cang trd nen phife tap ban Mot mat, eon ngudi dupe chifng kien nhifng dau hieu to Idn eiia sir phat tridn, nhung mat khac ngudi cung nhan thay nhifng nguy co khiing khidp tdn tai su phan tidn bp 1.5 Gido due quyen ngudi d bde Cao hpc Ludt phdi phu hpp vdi khung chuong trinh ddo tao Cao hpc dd dupe xdc dinh ddng thdi phdi edn ddi vdi cdc trpng tdm khdc ciia chuong trinh Hien tai d Viet Nam, tiiy tirng co sd dao tao ma thdi gian dao tao thae sT Luat co thd la 03 nam (theo binh thifc khong tap trung) hoac 02 nam (theo hinh thifc tap trung) Vd CO ban, cac co sd dao tao ddu xay dung chuong trinh theo cau triic va khdi lupng eiia chuong trinh khung Bp Giao due va dao tao quy djnh va hudng dSn nam 2000 Khung chuong trinh bao gdm 03 phan: 1/ Phan kidn thifc chung va bd trp; 2/ Phan kien thifc eo sd va ehuygn nganh; 3/ Luan van thae sT Lay cau true chuong trinh dao tao thae sT Luat eua vien Nha nudc va Phap luat thupc vien Khoa hpc xa hpi lam vi du se thay ro ban tuong quan giua cac phan, cac npi dung ciing nhu vj tri ciia van dd giao diic quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat Tai Vien Nha nude va Phap luat, tdng thdi lupng danh cho boat dpng dao tao thae sT Luat la 80 don vj hpc trinh (DVHT), phan kidn thifc 65 'HA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT sd 41201' Chung va bd trp chidm 16/80 DVHT (28%), phan kidn thifc cp sd va ehuygn nganh chidm 42/80 DVHT (52,5%), luan van thae sT chidm 22/80 DVHT (27,5?o) Cac kidn thiic lign quan den quydn eon ngudi hien dang nam mang kidn thiic chuygn nganh chuygn sau vdi mot hpc phan (bpc phan V "Nhung van dd co ban vd quydn cong dan d Viet Nam hien nay" gdm 30 tidt) va mdt chuyen dd: "Quan he giua Nha nudc va ca nhan Nha nudc phap quydn XHCN Viet Nam" bpc phan I thupc nhom chuyen nganh Ly ludn vd Lieh sif nhd mfdc vd phdp ludt; Ludt Nhd mfdc; Ludt Hdnh chinh Ngoai ra, he tho'ng chii dd luan van thae sT dupc du kidn hang nam ddu it nhidu CO nhifng dd tai ban vd nhifng khia canh khac ciia quydn ngudi Vd nguygn tic, chuong trinh dao tao ciia tirng CO sd dao tao Cao hpc Luat khong dupc phep \uat khung Theo quy dinh mdi ciia Bp Giao due va dao tao (dir kien ap dung tir nign khoa 2010) boat dpng dao tao d bac Cao hpc se tridn khai theo hinh thiic dao tao tin ehi vdi phan kidn thifc bit bupe va phan kidn thifc tu chpn nhung khung co ban cung khong CO sir thay ddi Idn Nhu vay, viec xay dung npi dung giao due quydn ngudi theo hudng tang chii dd va tang thdi lupng d bac Cao hpc Luat can phai dupe tinh toan phii hpp vdi khung chuong trinh da dupe an dinh va khong lam anh hudng dang kd tdi cac npi dung khac thupc chuong trinh 1.6 Gido due quyen ngudi chuong trinh ddo tao thae si ludt can phdi dupc tien hdnh phdi hgp, gdn ket vdi cdc mdn, cdc chuyen de khdc theo hudng"l6ng ghep" vd lien ngdnh Trang thai "eifng" ciia khung chuong trinh dao tao noi tren da trirc tidp dat ygu cau dua mot phan npi dung giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat "Idng ghep" vao npi dung cac chuygn dd, cac bpc phan hien co Hudng kdt hpp se thuc sir hifu hieu va co tinh kha thi boat dpng dao tao Cao hpc Luat chuydn sang phuang thifc dao tao theo tin ehi - mot phuang thifc khong can 66 dirng ddn qua nhidu thdi gian vat chat cho boat dpng thuyet giang nhd viec phat huy tdi da tinh ehii dpng eua hoc vien thong qua each thiic tir hpc, tu nghien cim mdt khdi lupng Idn cae tai lieu lien quan de'n cac chii dd nim khung chuong trinh dao tao Tir mot phuang dien khac, hien trang "eifng" ciia khung chuong trinh dao tao cung dat nhu cau khai thae tdi da cae gdc dp tidp can quydn ngudi nhim gia tang cae kidn thifc vd quydn ngudi d trinh dp chuygn sau Trgn thuc td, quydn ngudi CO thd dupe tidp can tir khia canh chinh trj hpc, tridt hpc hay xa hdi hpc Mdt su nghign ciiu va td chifc giao due theo hudng lign nganh se giiip lam giam ap lire vd thdi lupng cho chuong trinh dao tao Cao hpc Luat nhung van co thd dam bao trang bj lupng kien thue can thiet vd quydn eon ngudi cho cac ehuygn gia phap ly d trinh dp thae sT Npi dung giao due quyen ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat 2.1 Can cic xdc dinh npi dung gido due quyen eon ngicdi d bde Cao hpc Ludt d nudc ta hien Phan tich eae ygu cau dat ddi vdi hoat dpng dao tao quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao bpc Luat cho tha'y viec thidt kd npi dung chuong trinh giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao bpc Luat phai dua trgn cae can eii sau: Thif nhdl, can eif vao cac npi dung eO ban vd quydn ngudi ciing nhu cae tigu chi danh gia ky nang sir dung quydn ngudi, trudc bet la cac ky nang sir dung cong cu phap ly dd bao ve quydn ngudi Nhu da noi d trgn, giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao bpc Luat ed muc dich tao dpi ngu chuygn gia ed kien thifc chuyen sau vd quydn eon ngudi va eo cac ky nang can thiet viec thuc thi va bao ve quydn ngudi TTieo tinh than dd, npi dung co ban ciia quydn eon ngudi va tigu chi danh gia ky nang thuc hien quydn eon ngudi la lupng tri thifc miic dp day dii va hop ly ciia chuong trinh giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao hoe Luat WEU GAU VA NOI DUNG Trgn thuc te, cac npi dung thupc npi ham quydn eon ngudi rat da dang, dupc iiet ke mot each co ban cac didu udc qudc td vd quydn eon ngudi cung nhu dupc npi luat hoa phap luat qudc gia Xet vd chii thd quydn, eo thd chia quydn ca nhan, quydn tap thd; xet vd npi dung quydn, co thd chia cac nhom quydn dan su, ehinh tri; quydn kinh td, xa hpi va van hoa Tuong tu nhu vay, ky nang sir dung quydn ngudi cung thd hien khdi kidn thifc da dang lign quan den nhung hidu biet day dii vd ljch sir phat tridn quydn ngudi, vd he thdng van ban phap luat qudc td va phap luat qudc gia vd quydn ngudi, vd cac binh thiic va phuang phap hpp phap dd thuc hien va bao ve quydn ngudi, vd ky nang giai thich va danh gia cac chidn lupe phat tridn quydn ngudi vd ky nang xir ly cac vi pham quydn ngudi 'Thif hai, can eif vao sir gia djnh la cac kidn thiic ndn tang va co ban vd quydn ngudi va bao ve quydn ngudi da dupe giao due cong tai cac cap hpc thap ban hoac tai eae hinh thife giao due thong dung va dai tra O Viet Nam hien nay, boat dpng giao due quydn ngudi da dupe tridn khai d nhifng mife dp khac Tai bac hpc phd thong, giao due vd nhan quyen la mot npi dung eiia mon giao due cong dan cac trudng dai hpc vd khoa hpc xa hpi va nhan van ddu eo mon hpc "phap luat dai cuong", bao chifa nhung npi dung giao due lien quan de'n quydn co ban ciia cong dan va trach nhiem ciia Nha nudc mdi quan he giifa Nha nudc va cong dan Tai cac trudng dai hpc chuNeii nganh luat hien khong co mon hpc \di lu each \a mot phan mon dpe lap vd quydn ngudi nhung thuc te, chuong trinh dao lao luat chuygn nganh ciia mot sd irudng cung dii thidt kd nhung ehuygn dd tu chpn (chuyen dc "Luat Qudc td \e quydn ngudi") Quydn ngudi cung dupc tidp can irong cae co sd dao tao chuyen nganh luat dudi goc dp cua Luat Hign phap, Luiit Dan si; Luat Thuung mai, Lu^it Lao dpng, Luat Hinh sir, Luat An sinh xa hpi Trong thdi didm hien tai, chuong trinh giao due quydn ngudi noi trgn la tuong ddi ban che va chua du sife tao lap dupe nhung kidn thifc ndn tang dd cau true tren mot khung chuong trinh dao tao chuygn sau dap ling dupe muc tigu dao tao quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat Tuy nhign, ciing vdi nhung dpng thai manh me ciia gidi nghign eifu va hoach djnh chinh sach thi tuong lai gan, chic chan chien lupe giao due quydn ngudi se dupc djnh hinh va theo se co nhifng chuydn bidn manh me vd pham vi, quy mo, chat lupng ciia boat dpng giao due quydn ngudi d cac cap hpc khac Trong bdi canh do, viec xay dung npi dung giao due quyen ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat can phai di tign phong, difng trgn xuat phat didm la sir gia djnh kien thifc ndn tang va CO ban vd quydn ngudi va bao ve quydn eon ngudi da dupc giao due cong tai cae cap hpc tha'p hon hoac tai cac hinh thifc giao due thong dung va dai tra Thif ba, can eif vao bien trang ngudn luc tham gia giao due vd quydn ngudi d Viet Nam hien Npi dung giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat phai dupc xay dung tuong thich vdi kha nang dap iing ciia cac ngudn lire, bao gdm ea ngudn nhan lire va cac didu kien vat chat can thiet khac (trudc hdt va ehii yeu la mife dp day dii ciia ngudn tai lieu tham khao va kha nang khai thae ngudn tai lieu tham khao hien co) Lign quan den van dd nay, can thira nhan rang, nhan lire tham gia dao tao vd quydn ngudi d cap hpc thae sT d nudc ta hien dang thieu hut nghigm trpng Dang dign mot nghjch ly la dpi ngu chuygn gia co ky nang xir ly cac van dd sinh tir thirc td lign quan den quydn ngudi lai khong dii mot \dn kien thifc ngoai ngif can thidt dd tidp can vdi nhung chuin muc chung ciia qudc te the hien cac van ban phap ly qudc tc \c qu\cn ngudi, hoac khong co dii kidn thifc phap 1} can thiet dd truygn ba cac ky nang sir diing cong eu phap ly nham bao ve quyen ngudi va 67 mA NUdc vA PHAP LUAT sd4/20n ngupe lai Ndi each khac, hien chiing ta dang thidu mot lire lupng giao vign du trinh dp dd dam nhiem viec truydn ba mot lupng kien thifc vd quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao bpc Luat nhu mong mudn Dd la ehua kd ddn sir thidu hut dang kd cac tai lieu tham khao cung nhu cac phuang tien vat chat can thidt dd khai thae tai lieu, dac biet la bdi canh chiing ta se chuydn sang dao tao theo phuang thife tin chi Vdi mot ngudn lire nhu vay, viec xay dung npi dung giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat can phai ban che" mdt bien dp cho phep Thif Uf, can eif vao khuon khd djnh lupng ciia khung chuong trinh va thdi lupng danh cho dao tao Cao bpc Luat d nudc ta Nhu da noi d trgn, khung chuong trinh dao tao bac cao hpc Bp Giao due va dao tao quy djnh la mot nhifng can eii djnh bign cho viec thiet kd npi dung giao due quydn ngudi tdng thd chuong trinh dao tao Cao hpc Luat Van dd dat la npi dung giao diic quydn ngudi can phai dupe tinh toan cho vira dam bao muc tigu dao tao ehuygn sau cac kidn thifc va ky nang vd quydn ngudi vira thoa man ygu cau dinh lupng vd npi dung dao tao va phan bd hpp ly thdi gian cho cac mon bpc khac thupc ITnh vuc chuygn nganh Thif ndm, npi dung giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat d nudc ta can phai dupc xay dt/ng dua trgn co sd co su tham khao npi dung chuong trinh giao due quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat d mot so nude tren thd gidi, trudc hdt la d cac qudc gia co bd day kinh nghiem vd giao due quydn eon ngudi va hien dang thuc hien boat dpng giao due quydn ngudi mot each co hieu qua Thuc td d nhidu nude cho tha'y, va'n dd giao diic quydn eon ngudi d trinh dp thae sT CO thd dupc tridn khai nhu mot chuong trinh dpe lap (ehuygn nganh dpe lap), thudng dupe tidn hanh khoang 02 nam va chia nhidu modun rigng biet vdi it nhat 15 chiing chi cho mot modun Ching ban: Chuong trinh dao tao thae sT vd "hoat dpng xa hpi va quydn ngudi" dupe thuc hien d Khoa Xa 68 Hdi hpc eiia Dai hpc Gotheburg (Tbiiy Didn) vdi tdng thdi lupng 120 chimg chi va tap trung vao cac chu dd nhu: Hoat ddng xa hpi va he thdng phiic Ipi xa hdi (15 chifng ehi); quydn ngudi (15 chifng ehi - nam thif nha't); quydn eon ngudi tir gdc dp phap ly (15 chifng ehi - nam thii hai) TuPng tu nhu vay la eae khda bpc thae sT vd "quydn eon ngudi va ehe dp dan ehii" Lien minh chau Au td chifc vdi su tham gia eiia 41 trudng dai bpc tir ta't ca eae qudc gia vign ciia EU, viing Veneto va phd tu trj Venine; hoac khoa hpc thae sT vd "chd dp dan chii va quydn eon ngudi" dupe td chtic tai trudng dai hpc Aberdeen (Vuong qud'e Anh) Ddng thdi va'n dd giao due quydn ngudi d trinh dp thae sT ciing eo thd dupe tridn khai nhu mot bd phan, mot hoac mdt so hpc phan thupc khoa hpc Cao bpc Luat Ching ban: chuong trinh dao tao Cao bpc Luat tai Dai hpc Valencia (Tay Ban Nha) eo mot ehuygn nganh "vd quydn eon ngudi, chd dp dan chu va tu phap qudc tg'" vdi mdt sd lupng nhat djnh cac chuyen dd nhu:"nghien eifu chinh thiic vd eae chuin muc vd quydn ngudi va tu tudng vd quydn ngudi - khia canh nhan thifc luan va phan tich chinh sach"; "kidm tra su ap dung npi dung cac chuin muc vd quydn eon ngudi qudc gia"; "giai thich va danh gia cae chidn lupe phat tridn quydn eon ngudi va giam sir vi pham chiing bing each nghign eifu nhifng van dd eu thd ITnh vuc quydn ngudi" Nhin chung, tai cac CO sd dao tao Cao bpc Luat ciia nhidu nude, ndi dung giao due quydn ngudi ddu chidm mot vj tri tuong ddi quan trpng tdng thd dung luong khdi kidn thifc can trang bi cho hpc vign va ddu dupe thidt ke theo hudng kdt hpp nang cao khdi kidn thifc co ban vdi tao lap ky nang nhan thife va thue tidn vd quydn eon ngudi 2.2 Cdc npi dung gido due quyen ngudi d bac Cao hpc Ludt d Viet Nam Xuat phat tir eae ygu cau va can eif da dupc phan tich d trgn, ed thd so bd dd xuat phuong an thidt kd ndi dung giao due quydn eon ngudi d bac Cao hpc Luat nhu sau: NVVV\,\NXVOCN>OCCVNC Vd nguyen tic, ndi dung giao due vd quydn ngudi phai dupe trai trgn ca ba phan ciia khung chuong trinh dao tao Cao hpc Luat vdi ba cap dp cung cap tri thiic vd quydn ngudi theo hudng tang dan dp chuygn sau Npi dung giao due ed the dupe td chifc mot chuygn dd, mot hpc phan hoac tham ehi la mot mon hpc rieng biet nhung eung co thd dupe trang bj thong qua Idng ghep vao cae chuygn dd mang tigu dd khac Phan kien thife lign quan ddn quydn ngudi co thd xac dinh la phan kien thifc bit bupe nhung cung eo thd xac djnh la phan kidn thiic tu chpn tdng thd khdi kidn thiic can trang bj cho hpc vign Cao bpc Luat Ca'u true npi dung eu the dupe du kidn bao gdm: a Nhiing kien thifc ca sd ve quyen ngudi trang bi cho mpi hpc vien Cao hpc Ludt (thudc phdn kidn thifc ca sd vd bdt bupe) - Lieh sir phat tridn tu tudng vd quydn ngudi (mot sd hpc thuydt eo ban vd quydn ngudi); - Chuin muc qudc td vd quydn ngudi the hien he thdng van biin qudc td hien hanh (npi dung quydn ngudi the hien cae Cong udc qudc td vd quydn ngudi); - Quan didm ciia Viet Nam vd quydn ngudi (chuin muc qudc gia vd quydn eon ngudi) b Nhiing kidn thifc chuyen ngdnh ve quyen ngifdi trang bi cho hpc vien Cao hpc Ludt (ihiipc phdn kidn thifc chuyen ngdnh): * Nhifng npi dung bit bupe: - C P chd qudc td bao ve quydn eon ngudi; - Co chd phap ly bao ve quydn ngudi d Viet Nam: nghign eifu thuc trang va danh gia ehinh sach; - Trach nhiem eiia Nha nudc va bdn phan cong dan nhin tir goc dp bao ve quydn ngudi * Nhung npi dung tu chpn: WEU CAU VA NOI DUNG - Cae hinh thife va phuang thiic bao vg va thiic diy quydn eon ngudi: nghign ciiu su kien va cac giai phap phap ly; - Cac td chiic qudc td vd quydn ngudi: nghign eifu trach nhiem loan cau, sir anh hudng iSn giifa cac qudc gia va eo ehe boat dpng eiia cac td ehifc qudc td xiic tidn quydn ngudi; - Hai hoa boa phap luat nhim bao ve va thiic diy quydn ngudi; c NhCfng kien ihi'fc chuyen ngdnh chuyen sdu ve quyen ngifdi trang bi cho hpc vien Cao hpc Ludt - chuyen gia phdp ly ve quyen ngifdi * Luan van thae sT Luat bpc: Tang ti le eae chu dd luan van lign quan ddn quydn ngudi he thdng chii dd luan van gpi y cho hpc vign Cao hpc Luat Ddng thdi, chu dd luan van thae sT Luat hpc lign quan ddn quydn ngudi can dupc xay dung theo hudng nghign eifu nhifng van dd phap ly cu thd nham giai thich va danh gia eae chidn lupe va chinh sach qudc gia thiic diy thue hien quydn ngudi va eae giai phap phap ly nhim giam sir vi pham ehiing * Trong tuong lai gan, tien tdi xay dung mot ma nganh dpe lap vd quydn ngudi chuong trinh dao tao Cao hpc Luat: Trudc mit, can chuan bi cac didu kien can thidt (ca trgn phuang dien ngudn luc, ca trgn phuang dien nhan thifc va chinh sach) dd dd xuat xay dung ma nganh thae sT Luat bpc vd "quydn ngudi" hoac "Luat cong va quydn ngudi"; Vdi quy mo dao tao la mot ma nganh dpe lap, npi dung giao due quydn ngudi phai dupc md rpng ca tren phuong dien ly thuydt (cac hpc thuyet chinh trj - xa hpi) ca trgn phuang dien thuc tign phap ly (phap luat qudc tg' va phap luat qudc gia vd quydn eon ngudi) va ky nang bao ve, thiic diy quydn ngudi Kdt qua hpc tap ma ngudi hpc tich luy dupc theo hpc chuygn nganh Luat hpc vd quydn ngudi phai dupc ehinh thifc cong nhan bing hpc vj thae sT Luat hpc vd quydn eon ngudi 69 ... npi dung eiia mon giao due cong dan cac trudng dai hpc vd khoa hpc xa hpi va nhan van ddu eo mon hpc "phap luat dai cuong", bao chifa nhung npi dung giao due lien quan de''n quydn co ban ciia cong... ddi vdi cong ddng, ve nghTa vu va quan he giua quydn va nghTa vu O cap dp nay, npi dung giao due eung khong chi thuan tiiy dirng d viec gidi thieu cac quydn nang phap ly ma thd hien d npi dung hudng... bpc Luat cho tha''y viec thidt kd npi dung chuong trinh giao due quydn ngudi d bac Cao bpc Luat phai dua trgn cae can eii sau: Thif nhdl, can eif vao cac npi dung eO ban vd quydn ngudi ciing nhu