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NGHIEN CIJU GIANG DAY LICH SU BANG G I A N G D A Y UCH s u DANG C O N G SAN VIET NAM THEO CHUONG TRINH MCH D 6 I VOI HE DAO TAO LY LUAN CHINH TRI CAO CAP PGS, TS NGUYEN TRQNG PHLIC* Thyc hien quyet dj[.]
NGHIEN CIJU - GIANG DAY LICH SU BANG G I A N G D A Y UCH s u DANG C O N G SAN VIET NAM THEO CHUONG TRINH MCH D I VOI HE DAO TAO LY LUAN CHINH TRI CAO CAP PGS, TS NGUYEN TRQNG PHLIC* T hyc hien quyet djnh cua Bg Chinh trj ve doi mrid vi ning cao chit lupng dio tao dpi ngii cin bg linh dag, quin ly chu chrit cua Ding, Nhi nuric vi ci he thring chinh trj, Hpc vien Chinh trj - Hanh chinh quoc gia Ho Chi Minh da xay dyng chuong trinh, giio trinh mrii cho tit ca cac he dao tao, brii during cua ci he thong Hpc vien Nam hgc 2008 - 2009, Giim dric Hgc vien da quyet djnh mri hai Irip thi diem giing day vi hgc tip theg chuong trinh mrii doi voi he dio tao ly luan chinh trj cao cap tai tmng tim Hgc vien Theo yeu ciu drii mrid ngi dung va phuong phap giing day, hgc tap huong vio ren luyen, nang cao ning lyc lanh dao, quin ly, ning cao nang lyc van dung ly luin vio thyc tien, ren luyen tu chien luge cua ngurid cin bri lanh dao, quin ly chuong trinh dio tao mod khring hpc tap theo cic mon hpc mi theo cic khoi kien thirc Cic khrii kiln thirc dri khring chi frang bj kien thirc mi tao nen sy nhin thirc thong nhit • I kx vien CT-HC Quric gia 116 Chi Minh TAP CHI LICH SUOANG-SO 1/2009 tinh da dang cua tri thirc ly luin vi thyc tien ning tim nhin thirc vi ning lyc m cua ngurii can bp lanh dao, quin ly he thring chinh trj, nang cao ky ning van dung thyc hien nhiem vu lanh dao, quin ly Vrii noi dung, ket ciu chuong trinh mrii dao tao ly luan chinh trj cao cap tai tmng tam Hpc vien, mrin ljch sir Dang Cong sin Viet Nam dugc xiy dyng theo khrii kien thirc ve quan diem, during loi cua Dang Cgng sin Viet Nam Chuong trinh mrii grim cic chuyen de: Sir doi ciia Dang Cgng sdn - bu&c ngoat eiia each mgng Viet Nam; Cuong linh chinh tri ddu tien eiia Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam - gid tri ly lugn vd thuc tien; Su sdng tgo viec hogch dinh vd phdt trien todn diin du&ng loi cdch mgng gidi phdng ddn tgc (1930 - 1975); Ly lugn vd thuc tiin cdch mgng XHCN & Viet Nam giai dogn 1954 - 1986; Du&ng loi ddi m&i ciia Ddng vd Cuong linh xdy dung ddt nu&c th&i ky- qud len CNXH a Viet Nam (1991) Sir phdt triin ly lugn vd thue tiin; Giir virng muc tieu dgc lap ddn tdc vd CNXH cdch 61 NGHIEN coo-GIANG OAY UCH SO OANG mgng Viet Nam; Dgi dodn ket ddn tgc vd xdy dod Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam Ngi dung dimg Mat trgn ddn tgc thong, nhdt qud chuyen de ciing lim ro vai fro ciia lanh tu trinh doi m&i Nguyen Ai Quoc vi cic dong chi, hgc frri cua Cung vod chuyen de eg bin tren day, nhieu Nguod frong viec chuan bj nhiing dieu kien ve vin de thugc quan diem during lrii cua Ding tu tuong, ly luan, ve chinh trj va ve to chiic, can dugc trinh bay o cic chuyen de khic nhu bg chg sy dod cua Ding Tap trung lim ro during loi chinh sich eiia Dang ve xiy dyng he qui trinh ket hgp chu nghla Mac - Lenin voi thgng chinh trj; ve xiy dyng Nhi nuric phip phgng frag cring nhan va phgng trig yeu nuoc quyen XHCN cua nhan dan, dg nhin dan, vi Viet Nam dan tod sy dod Ding Cgng san nhin dan; ve during loi, chinh sich doi ngoai; Neu bat vai fro va sy phit trien khach quan cua during loi quoc phring, an ninh; during loi chinh tiing nhan to Ly luan chu nghia Mic sich dan tgc; during loi phit trien van hria va Lenin dugc lanh tu Nguyen Ai Quric nhan thiic cic chinh sach xa hgi vi during lrii xay dung tren mgt tu sing tag khga hgc, Nguod nam phit trien nen kinh te thi tmong djnh huong bit bin chat cich mang, khoa hgc vi phuong XHCN Khoi kien thirc ve Ding vi xiy dyng phip sing tao ciia hgc thuyet dri de fruyen ba Ding dugc xiy dyng vi hgin chinh them frgng vig phong trio x,bng nhan vi phong trao yeu CO lich sir cong tic xiy dyng Ding nuric Viet Nam Phgng trig cring nhan va Nhu vay, ljch sir Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam phgng frig yeu nuoc Viet Nam nhirng nim dau dugc xay dyng chuong trinh mod ngiy the ky XX die biet la nhung nam 20 dugc trinh cing phgng phu, mri rgng hon, dong thrid chu biy va nhin thirc ro hon vod sy giic ngg, trpng tong ket nhung gii trj ly luin, thyc tien tmong thinh cua chinh cic phong frio dri vi sy suot qui trinh linh dao ciia Ding va tiep nhin mgt cich hr giac nhiing gii tri tu huring vio thyc hien tot hon nhiing vin de ve tuong, ly luan Chuyen de lim ro quy luat chien luge, sich luge cua Ding dieu kien dod cua Dang tren co so ket hgp yeu to fren Ding linh dao vi cam quyen hien Cic day vi huong tod nhin thirc quy luat xay dyng chuyen de mod dugc bien sgan vi giing day thi Ding hien Ding xic djnh: Ding Cgng diem da buric diu chg thay huong doi mod sin Viet Nam li dgi tien phgng cua giai cap la dung Chuong trinh giang day, hgc tap theg cring nhan, dring thoi la dgi tien phong cua chuyen de vira tiep can ri gric dg khga hgc ljch nhan dan lag dgng vi ciia din tgc Viet Nam sir Ding \ara tiep can b gric dg khga hgc chinh Chuyen de ciing nhan manh gii trj buric ngoat tri, khoa hgc lanh dao vi quin ly cich mang cua sy kien Dang Cgng san Viet Chuyen de Su d&i Ddng Cgng sdn - bu&c Nam dod ngoat cita cdch mgng Viet Nam tip tmng tong Chuyen de Cuong linh chinh tri ddu tien cua ket vi trinh biy ro nhung yeu cau khich quan Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam - gid tri ly lugn va vi sy van dpng tit yeu cua ljch sir din trie, sy thuc tien tip tmng trinh biy qui trinh hinh 62 TAP CHi LICH SO OANG-SO 1/2009 NGHIEN COO - thinh Cuong linh vrid nhung quan diem chinh tn cua Nguyen Ai Quric vi muc tieu chinh tri cua cic tri chirc tien thin cua Ding: Hgi Viet Nam each mgng nien vi Tdn Viet cdch mgng Ddng cuoi nam 1929 diu 1930 da chuyen thinh tg chirc cgng sin b Viet Nam Chuyen de neu bit nhung quan diem cua Nguyen Ai Quric nhung tic phim nhit li tic pham Bdn dn che thuc ddn Phdp (1925) va Du&ng Kdch menh (1927) Chuyen de lam ro CO sri ly luan va thyc tien cua Cuong ITnh dau tien dugc thring qua tai Hgi nghi thinh lip Dang Cuong linh chinh trj diu tien cua Ding Cong sin Viet Nam li sin phim ciia sy van dung vi phit trien sing tao chu nghTa Mac Lenin vio thyc tien cich mang Viet Nam thong qua tu turing vi sy van dung cua lanh hi Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh nguod sing lap Ding Gii trj ly luin cua cugng ITnh li gin lien mgt cich tat yeu sy nghiep giii phring din trie ri mot nuric thuoc dja nhu Viet Nam vod sy nghiep giii phring giai cap, giii phring xa hrii vi ngurii, nhan thirc tinh thring nhit lgi ich giai cap vrii lgi ich din trie, thiy ro dgng lyc to Ion cua chu nghTa din trie chin chinh, cua kbit vpng dric lap dan trie, gin lien dpc lip din trie vrii CNXH Cuong ITnh chinh trj diu tien cri gii trj chi dao thyc tien can bin vi siu sic, bio dam cho each mang Viet Nam tii nim 1930 den di tir thing lgi den thing lgi khac vi di den ben bri ve vang nhu ngiy Neu ri hai chuyen de tren nghien cim vi lim ro nhung vin de co bin toin bri tien trinh each mang Viet Nam thi ri chuyen de Su sdng igo viec hogch dinh vd phdt tt-ien hodn TAP CHI LICH SO OANG-SO 1/2009 G I A N G OAY LICH SO OANG thien du&ng Idi each mgng gidi phdng ddn tdc (1930 - 1975) tip frung lim sing tri ngi dung during loi diu franh giii phong dan trie, giinh chinh quyin va during lrii chiln tranh cich mang frong cugc khing chiln chring thyc din Phip vi dl quoc My xam luge Sy sing tao cua Ding cich mang giii phring din trie va khing chiln dya tren hgc thuylt Mic - Lenin vi m mring Hri Chi Minh ve cich mang giii phring din trie, cich mang thugc dja, hgc thuyet quin sy cua cich mang vo sin vi tmyen thong dinh giic, giir nuric cua dan trie Viet Nam Trgng chuyen de da lam sang tri nrii dung Cdch mgng tu sdn ddn quyin {1930), Cdch mgng gidi phdng ddn tdc nhiing nam 1939 - 1945 va sau Cich mang thing Tim, cich mang Viet Nam vin li each mang giii phring din trie, khii niem cich mang din trie dan chu nhin dan dugc de tir Dai hgi 11 cua Ding (2 - 1951) vi phit trien hoin chinh di den thing lgi nim 1975 Dri li nhirng nic thang phit trien sing tao cua Ding pham trii cich mang giii phring din trie, sing tao, dung dan xic djnh muc tieu chien luge, doi mgng, xiy dyng phit trien lyc lupng cich mang vi sing tao ve sach luge, phuong phip cich mang Cich mang cri quy luat cua nri vi chien tranh each mang cri quy luat phit trien rieng Thanh cring Irin cua Ding ve phuong dien ly luin vi thyc tien la da van dung, ket hpp nhuin nhuyen quy luat phit trien cua cich mang giii phring dan trie, cua khing chien (chien tranh cich mang) trgng quy luat van dgng cua cich mang din trie din chu nhin din, sy phat trien hgc thuyet quin sy Viet Nam thrii dai Ho Chi Minh 63 NGHIEN COO - GIANG OAY LICH SO OANG Qui trinh Ding lanh dao cich mang XHCN cri the chia giai doan truofc vi sau doi moi Chuyen de Ly luan vd thuc tien cdch mgng XHCN & Viet Nam giai dogn 1954 - 1986 trinh bay nhirng die diem, nhan thirc va during loi cich mang XHCN cua Ding b mien Bac va ci nuri'c truric drii mrii Die diem nrii bit cua cich mang XHCN b Viet Nam la tir mgt nuric nring nghiep lac hau, san xuat nho li bien tien thing len CNXH bri qua giai dgan phit trien TBCN Can phii nhan thirc siu sic die diem cung vrii mgt sri die diem khic de van dung ly luin ve CNXH mgt cich sing tag, tim quy luat, hinh thirc, buric di rieng cua Viet Nam Tren the girii, cic nuric XHCN da dat dugc nhirng thinh tyu quan trgng nhung ciing dirng truric nhieu vin de ly luan vi thyc tien cin lim sing tri Hgi nghj cic ding cgng sin vi cring nhin (nam 1957 vi 1960) da buric diu cri sy tong ket ly luin vi thyc tien Viet Nam, cong cugc xay dyng CNXH da dat dugc nhieu thinh tyu nhung ciing bgc 16 nhieu ban che, khuyet diem, nhat li ve phit frien kinh tl Qui trinh lanh dao cich mang XHCN ciing li qua frinh Ding timg buric nhin thirc ro hon vl ly luin vi thyc hen Ket hgp doi mrii tu ly luin voi khig nghiem, tring ket thyc tien dl di den thyc hien cong cugc doi mrii Chuyen de Du&ng loi doi m&i ciia Ddng vd Cuong linh xdy dung ddt nu&c th&i ky qud len CNXH & Viet Nam (1991) - Su phdt trien ly lugn vd thuc tien Chuyen de lam rri nhihig yeu cau khach quan ve ly luan 64 va thyc tien phii tien hinh cring cugc drii moi D6i mod li yeu cau birc thiet cua cugc song nham dua dit nuo'c khoi khung hoing kinh te - xa hgi Drii moi la sira chira nhirng nhan thirc khring diing ve cic quy luat khach quan, nhat li nhirng quy luat cua thrii ky qua len CNXH, khic phuc tu big thu, tri tre va ca chu quan, y chi, nring vgi Drii mod, cai cich, cii tg li xu huong dung dan vi can thiet cua cic nuric XHCN Chuyen de lam rg nhiing ngi dung co ban trgng du&ng loi doi m&i Dai hgi VI cua Ding (12 - 1986) de va sy bri sung phit trien surit qui trinh drii moi Chuyen de ciing trinh bay ngi dung Cuong linh xdy dung ddt nu&c th&i ky qud len CNXH dugc thgng qua tai Dai hgi VII cua Ding (6 - 1991) Lam rg nhung kinh nghiem xiy dyng CNXH truoc diy, nhung die diem cua qui dg len CNXH o Viet Nam Mri hinh die trung cua xa hgi XHCN mi Viet Nam phin diu xay dyng Cuong ITnh neu ro phuong huong co bin cua qua trinh xay dyng CNXH vi bio ve To quoc Cuong ITnh neu ro myc tieu tring quit phii dat trii kit thiic thrii ky qua dg Hon 20 nam qua Ding vi nhan dan Viet Nam da thyc hien thing lgi during loi drii moi vi xiy dyng CNXH theg Cugng ITnh 1991 Qui trinh drii moi cung chinh la qua trinh phat triin ly luan va thyc tien Nhan thirc vl CNXH vi cgn during di len CNXH of Viet Nam da cang sing to hon Gin 80 nam lanh dao cich mang Dang Cgng sin Viet Nam da tich luy dugc nhilu kinh nghiem, bii hgc cri gii trj ly luan vi thyc tien moi ching during cich mang, moi nhiem ky TAP CHi UCH SLT OANG-SO 1/2009 NGHIEN coo-GIANG OAY UCH SLf OANG Dai hrii Ding tgin quric Ding deu coi trgng tong ket ly luin vi thyc tien Trong chuong frinh dio tao ly luin chinh trj cao cip ri tmng tim Hgc vien de cap bii hgc Ion theo dri xiy dung thinh chuyen de Chuyen de Giit vimg muc tieu dgc lap ddn tgc vd CNXH cdch mgng Viet Nam Chuyen de niy chu trpng tong ket vi lam ro nhin thirc cua Ding ve dgc lip din trie vi CNXH qua cic thoi ky, giai doan cich mang Nhan thirc dri dya tren eg sri ly luan chu nghTa Mic - Lenin vi tu mring Hri Chi Minh ve dpc lip din trie vi CNXH, dya tren thyc tien each mang Viet Nam Nhin thirc ve dgc lap dan trie va CNXH dugc the hien during loi, cuong ITnh cua Ding vi phit trien cang hgin thien Chuyen de lim ro moi quan he mat thiet giu:a dgc lap din trie vi CNXH, dgc lip dan trie li tien de, dieu kien de di trii CNXH, CNXH bio dim dgc lap dan trie virng chic vi triet de Chuyen de ciing lam ro nhung nhin thirc mrii ve dgc lap din trie va CNXH thring qua cong curie doi mrii tir dri khing djnh quy luat phit trien tat yeu cua cich mang Viet Nam li dric lip din trie gin lien voi CNXH Chuyen de Dgi dodn kit ddn tgc vd xdy dung Mat trdn ddn tgc thdng nhdt qud trinh ddi m&i huong vio trinh bay de lim ro mot nhiing bai hgc Irin cua cich mang Viet Nam la thyc hien chien luge dai dgan ket dan trie vi xiy dyng Mat tran din trie thring nhat cua loan bri tien trinh each mang Viet Nam, nhat li qui trinh drii moi Dai doan ket dan trie li tmyen thring sing tao nen TAP CHI UCH SO OANG-SO 1/2009 sire manh bio dim sy tmring trin cua din trie Viet Nam ljch sir dyng nuric vi giir nuoc Dri li mgt ngi dung eg bin tu mring Ho Chi Minh, kit tinh gia tri tmyin thring cua din trie vi nguyen ly cua chu nghTa Mic - Lenin Dai dgan ket din trie nhim tip hgp va xay dyng lyc lupng each mang cua toin din, li vin de chien luge cua cich mang Murin xiy dyng dugc khrii dai doin ket dan trie Ding linh dag phii de cuong ITnh, during lrii chinh trj dung din phu hgp vrii thyc tien dat nuric, dip img nguyen vgng, lgi ich cua mgi tang lop, giai cip cgng dring din trie Mgt nhirng thinh cring nrii bat cua Ding linh dao cring cugc doi mrii li neu cao chien luge dai dgin ket dan trie, lay muc tieu chung din giau, nuric manh, xa hgi cring bing, din chu, vin minh lim diem tuong dong, dong thai chu trgng den lgi ich rieng cua timg giai cip, tang Irip, ca nhan khong trii vrii lgi ich chung cua dan trie During loi drii mrii li hgp vrii lgi ich cua nhan dan, phit huy dugc toi da ngi lyc, tao dieu kien de tranh thu ngoai lyc, ket hgp sire manh din trie vrii sire manh thai dai Cung voi xiy dung, cung co Mat trin Tri quoc Viet Nam, Ding cham lo xiy dung vi phit huy vai trri cua cic tri chirc doin the nhan din, da dang hria cic hinh thu'c tri chirc vi tap hpp lyc lugng toan dan trie Ljch sir Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam la qua trinh boat dgng lanh dao diu tranh vo cung phong phu va ve vang cua Ding nham tap hpp doan ket giai cap cong nhan nhin din lao dring vi toin dan trie thuc hien nhifrig muc tieu 65 NGHIEN COTJ - GIANG OAY UCH SIJ DANG gianh dgc lap din trie vi thong nhit To quoc, xiy dyng thinh cong CNXH vi cugc sring trit dep, hanh phuc cua nhin din Dri cung li ljch sir dau tranh, phin dau xay dyng mgt Ding cich mang kieu moi xiing ding vai tro lanh dao, cam quyen vi khong ngimg hoan thien phuong thirc lanh dao, cim quyen nang cao sire chien dau cua Dang Ljch su Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam ciing li qui trinh Ding van dung vi phit trien sing tao chu nghia Mac Lenin vio thyc tien cich mang Viet Nam, van dung tu tuong Ho Chi Minh vi ren luyen Ding theo tim guong dag diic cich mang cua Ho Chi Minh Lich sir Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam voi muon vin thyc tien ljch sir soi dgng, hio hiing dong thrid the hien nhirng kinh nghiem rieng, eon during vi gii trj ly luin, quy luat rieng cua toan bg tien trinh cich mang Viet Nam Dri li ljch sir hy sinh, phan diu ganh liet cua bao the he nhiing ngurii cgng sin, nhung cin bg lanh dag tmng kien ri tat ci cic cip he thong to chu'c Ding Dri ciing li lich sir chien dau, hy sinh cua dong bio cua nhin din ci nuric, brii dap vig nhiing trang sir ve vang cua Ding Nhung cring trinh ljch sir chinh thiic cua toin Ding vi cua cic dang bg dja phuong da vi dang huong vao nghien cun, bien soan vi tong ket nhifrig vin de eg bin dri Chuong trinh dio tag cua Hgc vien Chinh trj - Hinh chinh quric gia Hg Chi Minh ciing nhu he thong giao due dao tao dai hgc, cag ding cua Nhi nuric ciing grip phin vio tong ket nhiing vin de ly luan vi thyc tien cua cich mang Viet Nam vi lim cho mgi nguod nhan thirc cing siu 66 sic hon during phit frien cua cich mang va dan tgc Viet Nam Trgng mgt chuong trinh dao tao, du he thring cic chuyen de da dugc bien sgan vo'i co ging cao rtiiat, du cic giing vien da sir dung kinh nghiem vi phuong phip giod thieu tot nhat, cQng khong the nao the hien dugc toan bg tien trinh ljch sir vg cung phgng phu, sinh dgng va ve vang cua Ding Hgn nti'a, giing day vi hgc tip theg cac chuyen de, mac dii phii dya tren nen ting li hien thyc ljch sii nhung ciing khong the cri dieu kien de cap nhieu tod cic sy kien ljch sir Nghien cim va giing day ljch sir vi ljch sur Dang khong the chi dimg lai b trinh biy sy kien va dien bien ljch su mi quan trgng hon la ket qua cua nhiing gii trj tong ket ly luan vi thyc tien Giing day theg chuyen de drii hrii cic giang vien phii hr minh ning cao trinh dg, ren luyen tu logic, ning lyc tong ket ci ly luan va thyc tien, drii mrid phuong phip tiep can noi dung va phuong phip trinh biy Giing day Ljch sir Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam theg cic chuyen de ciing drii hrii hgc vien drii mrii phuong phip hgc tip, nang cag nang lyc tu dgc lap, kha ning phin tich dinh gia hi dri ning cag ning lyc nhin thirc ly luan va thyc tien Giing vien can phii huong hgc vien ting curing va chu dgng trag drii, thig luin de lam sang tri qui trinh Ding van dung ly luan chu nghia Mic - Lenin, tu mring Hri Chi Minh, nhiing thinh cong, sai lam vi vip vip, huong hgc vien cung tham gia grip phin vag tring ket lam sing tri nhung vin dl vl nhin thirc ly luan vi thyc tien cua cich mang Viet Nam TAP CHi UCH Slj OANG-SO 1/2009 ... nuric Viet Nam Phgng trig cring nhan va Nhu vay, ljch sir Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam phgng frig yeu nuoc Viet Nam nhirng nim dau dugc xay dyng chuong trinh mod ngiy the ky XX die biet la nhung nam 20... Cgng sdn - bu&c Nam dod ngoat cita cdch mgng Viet Nam tip tmng tong Chuyen de Cuong linh chinh tri ddu tien cua ket vi trinh biy ro nhung yeu cau khich quan Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam - gid tri ly... cic tri chirc tien thin cua Ding: Hgi Viet Nam each mgng nien vi Tdn Viet cdch mgng Ddng cuoi nam 1929 diu 1930 da chuyen thinh tg chirc cgng sin b Viet Nam Chuyen de neu bit nhung quan diem cua