CUTU • Khoa hoc Gido due KINH TE XA HOI VIET NAM TRONG TlTOfNG LAI VA NHUfNG VAN DE DAT RA DOI V0I GIAO DUG PHO THONG Theo Du" thao Chien lupc phat trien giao due den 2020, nganh giao due du" kien tri[.]
• Khoa hoc Gido due CUTU KINH TE - XA HOI VIET NAM TRONG TlTOfNG LAI VA NHUfNG VAN DE DAT RA DOI V0I GIAO DUG PHO THONG TSKH PHAM DO NHAT TIEN N G U Y I N QUANG KiNH T heo Du" thao Chien lupc phat trien giao due den 2020, nganh giao due du" kien trien khai chuang trinh giao due thong (GDPT) mdi vao nam 2015 Trong khung canh dd, noi len mpt van de la, tCf thUc trang bpn be hien nay, giao due Viet Nam can phai lam gi de thich nghi va dap Cfng dUde cae yeu cau sU phat trien kinh te - xa hpi (KTXH) dat td den 2020 va dien mao giao due Viet Nam se nhU the nao vao nam 2020-2025? KTXH Viet Nam 2020 va nhiem vu phat trien giao due 1.1 Hinh dung Viet Nam nam 2020 theo van kien va y kien cac chuyen gia Theo mue tieu Dai hpi Dang IX neu ra, den nam 2020 nUdc ta trd mpt nude cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai Gan day, mot sd van kien, dac biet la qua trinh chuan bj Dai hdi XI, dich den eua tien trinh phat then da duac xae djnh rd hdn Tai Du thao chien luoc phat trien kinh te xa hdi 2011-2020, d phan trinh bay ve muc tieu tong quat cd ghi: ",,, phan dau den nam 2020 nude ta trd nUdc cdng nghiep ed trinh dp phat then trung binh; chinh trj - xa hdi on djnh, dong thuan, dan ehu, ki cUdng, ddi song vat chat, tinh than cua nhan dan dupe nang len rd ret, doe lap, ehCi quyIn, thdng nhat va toan ven lanh tho dUpc giu" vu'ng, vi the cCia Viet Nam tren trudng qudc te tiep tue dudc nang cao; tao dieu kien vung c h i c de phat trien nhu'ng nam sau." De xae djnh the nao la mpt nUdc cdng nghiep cd trinh dp phat trien trung binh, Tieu ban Chien lUdc da de xuat 12 tieu chi, trd tieu chi cudi cung, tat ca cac tieu chi cdn lai d I u cd tinh djnh lupng.' Ddi vdi tdng tieu chi, eo ghi kem dU kien kha nang dat dupe cua Viet Nam Cu the KHGD so 58, thdng - cac tieu chi ay duoc md ta nhU sau: (1) GDP binh quan dau ngUdi dat td 3000 - 5000 dd la My/dau ngudi (nam 2020, dU kien Viet Nam dat tren 3000 dd la My); (2) Ti trpng ndng nghiep GDP td 10 - 20% (Viet Nam dU kien la 15%); (3) Tl trpng cdng nghiep che tao gia trj san xuat cdng nghiep 40 - 50% (Viet Nam dU kien la 40%); (4) Ti trpng lao dpng ndng nghiep tong lao dpng xa hpi td 30 - 45% (Viet Nam du kien khoang 30%); (5) Ti le su" dung Internet tren dan sd 25%, (Viet Nam dU kien tren 30%); (6) Sd bac sT tren f v a n dan tCf - 10 (Viet Nam du kien la 9); (7) Tuoi thp trung binh tren 70 tuoi (Viet Nam dU kien tren 75 tuoi); (8) Chi sd phat then ngUdi 0,502 - 0,798 (Viet Nam dU kien la tren 0,750); (9) Ti le ehe phu rCfng 42% (Viet Nam du kien la 45%); (10) Ti le dd thj hda tCr 50 - 60% (Viet Nam dU kien tren 45%); (11) Ti le dan so sCr dung nUde sach 90 - 100% (Viet Nam du kien la 100% dan sd dd thj va 85% dan sd nong thon); (12) Ha tang kinh te, xa hpi tuang ddi dong bp va hien dai Vi cong nghiep hda (CNH), hien dai hda (HDH) de dat mCrc dp cao ban ve tien bp xa hpi, la mpt qua trinh thay ddi sau sac khdng chi ve kinh te, ma ca ve xa hdi va mdi trudng tU nhien nen co the bo sung eho cac tieu ehi mang tinh dinh luang neu tren bang viee neu mot so dac trung djnh tinh nhU sau: (1) LUc lupng san xuat phat trien tuang XLfng vdi ca che thi trudng day dCi, ham luang khoa hpc cdng nghe hang hda san xuat nUdc eang tang, kinh te tang truing nhanh, cd chat luang va ben vCrng, Theo Tieu ban Chien luge, nhCfng tieu chi dugc xae dinh tren co sd tham khao each phan loai cac nude cong nghiep cua cac chuyen gia nude ngoai va to' chUc quoe te, co Ngan hang The gidi (WB) va sd lieu cua 20 nude giai doan cong nghiep hoa Khoa hoc Gido due- (2) He thong phap luat dUpc bd sung, hoan chinh; nha nUde phap quyen dupe cCing co, tang cUdng; dan chu xa hpi dupe m l rpng, nghTa vu va quyen lai chinh dang cua nhan dan dUdc tdn trpng (3) Van boa, giao due, khoa hpc phat then, an sinh xa hpi dupe cai thien, nhu'ng bieu hien tieu cUc xa hpi bi day lui (4) Mdi trudng sinh thai duac bao ve va cai thien, tai nguyen thien nhien dUpc sCr dung hpp li, khai thac ket hdp vdi phuc hoi (doi vdi nhu'ng chCing loai CO the duac phuc hoi), (5) Con ngUdi eang c6 them d i l u kien tiep can ca hpi phat then ve the chat, pham chat, tri tue; ngudi lao dpng duac cdng hien va hulng thu mot each cdng bang d l i vdi nhu'ng qua phat then cua dat nude (Nguyen Thi Binh, 2008), 1.2 Uu tien nhiem vu phat then giao due: dao tao nguon nhan li/c De dap Cfng yeu cau chuyen ddi td mo hinh tang truing dUa chu yeu vao cac yeu td dau vao sang mo hinh tang trudng tren ca s l nang cao chat luang san pham va hieu qua san xuat, duang nhien giao due phai chuyen trpng tam vao viee dao tao nguon nhan lUc cd chat lUpng, Theo tinh than dd, Duthao chien lupc phat then KT-XH 2011-2020 chi ba khau dot pha: (1) Hoan thien the ehe kinh te thi trUdng xa hpi ehu nghTa; (2) Phat then nhanh nguon nhan lUc; (3) Xay di/ng he thdng k i t cau tang ding bp, Vdi dinh hudng "Nang cao chat luang nguon nhan lUc, phat trien nhanh giao due va dao tao de giao due va dao tao thUc sU la qudc sach hang dau"^ nhiem vu dao tao nguon luc ngudi duac dat I vj tri Uu tien Rd rang, nguon luc ngudi, nhan td quan trpng de phat trien theo chieu sau da dUdc dat d vj tri quan trpng chien lUpc Dieu mong dpi la, lam the nao de dao tao dUpc nguon lUc ngUdi cd chat luang dap Crng yeu c l u cua bude chuyen doi mo hinh tang truing kinh t l ? Trong tien trinh phat then, de di tdi cai dich 2, d day co van de: Phat trien nhanh GDDT de GDDT thue su la quoe sach hang dau hay dat GDDT vao hang dau cac quoe sach, roi quan tam lanh dao, ehi dao, thao gd vudng mac ve cd ehe, uu tien bo tri nhan su, uu tien cung cap tai chinh, uu tien xay dung CO sd vat chat de GDDT phat trien nhanh? Hfe^ trd nUdc cdng nghiep cd trinh dp phat trien trung binh, thi giao due vdi tU each la bp phan tong the KTXH, cung phai chuyen dpng/ chuyen hda cung cac bp phan khac neu khong djnh trd vat can, ban n&a nhU kinh nghiem eCia nhieu nude, nd cdn can phai ddng vai tro dpng luc/ dau tau cCia tien trinh phat trien Mudn the, giao due phai phat trien phu hpp vdi xu the chung, tan dung dupe cac ca hdi va vuat qua dupe nhu'ng thach thCrc sinh tien trinh phat trien dat nUdc NhU vay, sU chuyen dpng/ chuyen hda cCia giao due phai la v l chat, chac khdng phai la phdng to hay thu nhd md hinh hien cd, cai dang bj xa hdi phe phan la lac hau, Hinh dung ve giao due tucfng lai NhOrng kjch ban kha dT 2.1 Cac nhan to co the dinh hinh giao due nude ta khoang 10-15 nam tdi Theo Trung tam nghien cCru va canh tan giao due (CERI, 2008) thudc To chu'c Hpp tac va Phat trien kinh te OECD thi cac nhan td tac dpng tdi viee dinh hinh giao due qudc gia cd the chia nhdm: (1) Cae nhan to ve dan cw Dan sd Viet Nam dang budc vao thdi ki cO cau dan sd vang (Ban chi dao tong d i l u tra dan sd, 2009), tLfc la cCr hai ngUdi dp tuoi lao dpng thi chi cd mpt ngUdi phu thupc Thdi ki keo dai khoang 30 nSm, dem lai cho nUdc ta cd hpi Idn de phat trien vuat bac nhd nguon lao dpng ddi dao Viee chuyen ca hdi hien thi/c phij thupc trUdc bet vao chat lUdng ngudn lao ddng Dieu dd dat giao due trUdc bai toan quen thupc v l quy md-chat lUpng I mpi cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao de tan dung dupe thdi ki "ca cau dan sd vang" cho qua trinh phat trien dat nUde, Ngoai dac trUng rieng ndi tren, Viet Nam cung dang thue hien tot viee giam sinh va nang cao tuoi thp, Vdi viee tri toe dp tang dan sd d rr\(ic 1,1%, chung ta se chCrng kien dan viee giam quy md hpc sinh THCS vao khoang nam 2012, giam quy md hpc sinh THPT vao khoang nam 2022 Day cung la cd hpi de danh ngudn lue nhieu ban cho viee nang eao chat luang giao due va K H G D so , t h d n g - ' g h i e n cihi thuc hien cap giao due mien phi, vdi gia dinh khong vi viee giam quy md hpc sinh ma ngan sach nha nude cap cho giao due lai giam theo, Vdi tuoi thp binh quan cCia Viet Nam hien la 74, dat 75 vao 2020 va tiep tuc tang thap nien tiep theo, van de dat cho giao due nude ta cung nhu giao due the gidi la ben canh giai doan truyen thdng gdm giao due mam non, giao due cap, giao due va dao tao sau cap, dao tao tiep tijc sau rdi ghe nha trudng, can dUa them vao giai doan thd la hpc tap sau ve huu, Dieu dd bupe phai tU lai ve sCr menh nha trudng cung nhu ndi dung va phuang phap day va hpc I mpi cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao, (2) Cac nhan to ve kinh te Hai nhan td ehung dang tac ddng den viee djnh hinh giao due hau khap cae qudc gia la qua trinh toan cau hda va budc chuyen sang kinh te tri thCrc, Ngoai ra, ddi vdi Viet nam, edn phai tinh den hai nhan td dac trUng, dd la viee chuyen tCf mo hinh tang truing theo chilu rpng sang md hinh tang trudng theo chilu sau, va viee tiep tuc hoan thien nen kinh te thj trUdng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghTa, Ban chat cua toan cau hda, la hpp tac va canh tranh tren thi trUdng toan cau, ddi hdi phai tu lai v l muc tieu giao due, cd van de chuan bi de the he tre cdng tren san ehai toan cau, trd cdng dan toan cau TCf dd sinh yeu cau qudc te hda giao due, trUdc het la giao due dai hpc (GDDH) DT nhien qudc te hda nhU the nao thupc ve chu truang va chinh sach phat trien giao due cua tCfng qudc gia, Ddi vdi Viet Nam, chien luac hpi nhap qudc te, phai tinh den mpt van de thiet thi/c la khu vUc ASEAN dang chuyen ddng theo hudng eang lien ket chat che de trd cpng ddng ASEAN vao nam 2015, tien dan tdi khu vUc ddng tien chung, khdng gian giao due chung, vdi budc di tuang tu nhu Lien minh Chau Au, Ngoai Cac nude OECD dang hoi "Lieu vai tro kinh te Idn manh eua cac nude Chau A co buoc phai xem xet lai he thong giao due va chuong trinh giao due cua cae nude OECD, khong phai chi ve ngon ngCf giang day ma ca ve eae mon hoc khac, nhu dia ly, lich SLTV.v " (Trends shaping education, OECD, 2008, trang 35) ' KHGD so , t h d n g - — Khoa hoc Gido due cung phai tinh den cac nen kinh te Idn nhU Trung Qudc, An Dp, dang eang ddng vai trd quan trpng budc chuyen kinh te the gidi td dan cue sang da cLJ'c^ Trong bdi canh dd, tren ca s l phat huy cac gia trj truyin thdng, tiep thu cd chpn Ipc kinh nghiem va qua cua cac nen giao due tien bp khu vUc va tren the gidi, giao due Viet Nam mdi tao dUdc ngudn luc ngudi mang tinh canh tranh, Mpt dac trUng cua qua trinh toan eau hda la hinh nen kinh te tri thCrc toan cau, Tri thCrc trd ngudn lUc cua phat trien, Giao due trd nen quan trpng ban bao gid het chien lUpc phat then cua tCfng qudc gia, Dai chung hda GDDH trd menh lenh b l i le mpi ngudi d I u hieu rang budc chuyen sang n I n kinh te tri thCfc thi ti le nhap hpc dai hpc 40-50% la mpt yeu cau song cdn de tang trudng kinh te, Giao due phd thong cung ddng trudc yeu cau ddi mdi manh me nham trang bi cho ngUdi hpc nhCfng ky nang mem, tinh than dam nghT dam lam, phu hdp vdi cac ddi hdi v l canh tan va sang tao CLia kinh te tri thCrc, nude ta, chu trUdng day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dUpc vach tai Dai hpi VIII da dUpc lam ro them tai Dai hpi X bang chCi truang day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa g i n vdi phat trien kinh tetri thCfc, Tuy nhien, dieu dang quan tam la cho den nay, ngoai viee m l rpng d at quy md giao due dai hpc, nganh giao due chua cd dpng thai gi dac biet ve nhu'ng thay ddi can thiet, trude het d GDPT, nham dap u'ng yeu cau tC/ng budc phat trien kinh te tri thCfc Vi the, Thdng bao 242TB/TW, Bp Chinh tri nhan manh: "De dap Cfng yeu cau cua sU nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nUdc bdi canh hpi nhap qudc te, sU nghiep giao due va dao tao nUdc ta phai ddi mdi can ban, toan dien, manh me, Bp Chinh trj giao Ban can sU Dang Chinh phu thUc hien chu truang v l cai each giao due cac Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng lan thCftU, bay va chin (khda X)", (3) Cac nhan tovexa hoi thong tin Cung vdi bude chuyen td kinh te cdng nghiep sang kinh te tri thCfc, each mang ICT da Khoa hoc Gido due- d i n den yeu eau hpc suot ddi Dieu dd vCfa thue day vCfa tao dieu kien ehuyen giao due truyin thdng sang giai doan phat trien mdi la giao due sudt ddi eung vdi viee hinh xa hpi hpe tap, Khai niem hpc sudt ddi (HSD) da dupe cae nha hoach dinh chinh sach giao due Viet Nam tiep nhan Viet Nam tham gia cac cam ket day manh ChUdng trinh Giao due cho mpi ngudi (EFA) UNESCO khIi xUdng I Jomtien, Thai Lan 1989 Den nam 1993, NQTW4 (khoa VII) ve tiep tuc ddi mdi sU nghiep giao due va dao tao da khang djnh: "ThLfe hien mpt nen giao due thudng xuyen eho mpi ngudi, xae djnh hpc tap sudt ddi la quyIn lai va traeh nhiem eua m l i eong dan" Tiep dd, tai Quyet djnh 1122005/QD-TTg/ cCia Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viee phe duyet De an "Xay dung xa hpi hpe tap giai doan 2005-2010" da dUa cac tieu chi eu the, cae nhiem vu ehCi yeu va cac giai phap thUe hien de xay dUng ca nude trd mpt xa hpi hpe tap Tuy nhien, cho den d nude ta HSD v i n la mpt khai niem khong ro rang, va cdn dUpc hieu kha xa so vdi nhu'ng gi da dupe cdng nhan rpng rai tren the gidi, HSD v i n chua dupe quan niem la mpt giai doan phat then mdi v l chat cCia giao due; giai doan la budc phat then tat yeu eua giao due trudc nhUng thay doi nhanh chdng cua ddi sdng KTXH nUde, cung nhuthe gidi, de thay the giai doan truyen thdng vdi viee hpe mot lan tren ghe nha trUdng cho ca ddi ngUdi , each hpc vet, kilu truyen thu mpt chilu, nhli nhet kien thCfc, ngUdi hpe kem thi bj bd rai, ngudi hpe gidi thi tiep tuc leo len hudng tdi mpt n g h l nhat djnh cude ddi Vi the, giao due phd thdng eung nhu giao due mam non chua dupe coi la nen tang cua HSO, DCi rang, nhCfng nam ddi mdi vCfa qua, da cd n l lUc b i n bi de chuyen viee hpc tCf thu dpng sang chu dpng, lay ngUdi hpe lam trung tam, nhung giao due thdng van la kieu giao due truyen thdng tap trung vao viee ehuan bj thi CLf, hpc len dai hpc va lay van bang Kieu giao due khdng phu hpp vdi viee trang bj cho ngudi hpc nhUng nang lUc can thiet va cung khong chuan bi cho hp de trd nhung ngUdi HSD Cac kT nang giao tiep, kT nang giai quyet van de, kT nang hpe each hpc, cung nhU tac phong thai dp cdng viee, chua dupe quan tam day va hpe Cdng tac hudng nghiep Cdn yeu v l chat lUpng, khdng hu'ng thu, kem hieu qua, bj ca hpc sinh lan phu huynh va cpng ddng danh gia thap (4) Cac nhan to chinh tri va xa hoi Neu giao due dupe eoi la mpt he thdng he thdng KTXH thi eae nhan td ke tren ehi la cac nhan td ben ngoai tac dpng tdi sU dinh hinh cCia giao due, Cac nhan td cd tinh quyet dinh la cac nhan td ben bao gom vai trd cua chinh phu, cCia gia dinh va eua xa hpi, Hien du da hinh mot xu the la thj trudng hda giao due nhung I mpi ndi tren the gidi, chinh phu v i n ddng vai trd la dng chCi Idn cCia giao due, cung cap phan Idn ngan sach cho giao due, bao dam giao due v l ca ban van la mpt lai ieh cdng Ngay cac nude OECD, nai cd nhieu nude nhU My, Oc, NewZealand, Nhat Ban, Thuy ST tuyen bd chinh thCfc co vu cho viee tu hda thuang mai djch vu giao due, thi sudt thap ki 1995-2004, chi ngan sach nha nude cho giao due khdng ngCfng tang ca ve sd tuyet ddi lan tinh theo dau ngudi hpc Trong bdi canh eCia cupc khung hoang kinh tetai chinh the gidi hien nay, Hpi nghj GDDH the gidi td chLfe thang 7/2009 tai UNESCO Paris, da Thong cao ehung vdi Idi md dau nhU sau: "GDDH vdi tU each la mpt Ipi ieh cdng, mpt yeu cau chien lUpc ddi vdi mpi trinh dp giao due, va la mpt nen tang cho nghien eCfu khoa hpc, canh tan va sang tao, phai dupe mpi ehinh phCi ganh vac traeh nhiem va h i trp ve kinh te" nUde ta, Luat Giao due quy djnh "Nha nUde Uu tien dau tu cho giao due Ngan sach nha nude phai giU vai tro chu yeu tong ngudn lUc dau tU cho giao due" Ndi each khac, Nha nude v i n la "ong chu" Idn cua giao due va cam chich qua trinh phat trien giao due, Tuy nhien, giao due nude ta luon phai dUOng dau vdi mau thuin Idn giCfa mpt ben la yeu eau cao v l md rpng quy md, nang eao chat lUpng vdi mpt ben la sU han hep cCia ngudn lUc tai chinh Mac du chi ngan sach eho giao due tang va hien KHGD so 58, thdng - 2010 •Khoa hoc Gido due euu tJa chiem 20% tong ehi ngan sach, nhung mau thuan dd v i n gay gat va se tiep tuc gay gat quy md giao due khdng ngCfng md rpng tren toan he thdng, yeu cau ve chat lUpng cung da dang va nghiem ngSt ban, De an ddi mdi cd che tai chinh giao due 2009-2014 thUe sU la budc dot pha viee giai quyet mau thuin ndi tren Van de cdn lai la budc hoan thien va trien khai de an de cho tai ehinh giao due nUdc ta 6MC huy dpng, phan bd va sCf dung thue sU cd hieu qua, cdng khai va minh bach, Ngay viee cung ijng giao due d hau nhu mpi nai tren the gidi d I u tuan theo nguyen tac ehia s l chi phi giua nha nude va ngUdi hpc, Dieu ed nghTa la nha nude tCf bd vai tro dpc quyIn eung Cfng giao due d i n g thdi yeu cau ngudi hpe phai tra mpt phan ehi phi cho viee hpc b l i le giao due khdng ehi dem lai Ipi ieh cho xa hdi ma cdn dem lai Idi ieh eho ca nhan, dac biet I giao due n g h l nghiep, giao due dai hpe va giao due ngUdi Idn MCfe dp chia se chi phi theo chinh sach va dieu kien cu the cCia tCfng quoe gia, Hien nay, Viet nam dang dCfng trudc hai bai toan khd chia se chi phi, Mpt la d giao due phd cap, le phai miln phi thi ngudi hpc van phai ddng hpc phi Hai la d giao due dai hpc, mCfc ddng hpc phi da cao so vdi thu nhap eua ngudi dan, nhung lai hoan toan ehua dCi de tao ehuyen bien ve chat lupng giao due Van de la phai xem xet lai mpt each triet de ban ve viee phan bo ngan sach nha nude eho giao due cao quyen tu chu nha trudng; da dang hda cac phan cung Cfng giao due; thi trudng hda boat dpng giao due; t§ng cUdng quan li chat lupng; minh bach hda cac boat dpng giao due, nude ta, mac du li thuyet QLCM ehUa chinh thCfe dMc dua vao, nhung nhilu y tudng cua nd da dupe tham nhap, ehuyen hda vao tien trinh ddi mdi QLGD nude ta Mpt npi dung quan trpng viee ddi mdi QLGD nude ta la phai tinh den viee hinh thj trudng giao due gan vdi viee thUe thi cac cam ket v l GATS giao due, Thj trudng da t i n tai, cdn nho be, nhung cd kha nang phat trien tuang lai Van de la d e h l khdng phai phCi djnh nd bang ngon tCf ma phai chap nhan nd tren thUc te, tCf dd tim each ddi xCf vdi nd, quan ly nd va phat huy mat tieh cUc cCia nd Nhilu nude tren the gidi coi day chi la mpt thj trudng gan dung, gpi la chuan thj trudng (quasimarket) Trung Qudc gpi nd la thi trudng theo djnh hudng nha nude Viee hinh thi trudng giao due cung mpt loat cac nhan td KTXH ndi tren khien giao due nude ta budc sang mpt giai dean phat trien mdi Chinh vi the ma Hdi nghj TW4 (khda X) da yeu eau phai khan truang xay dung de an tong the CCGD Chinh phCi cung da ban hanh Chuang trinh hanh dpng 27/2/2007 dd giao cho Bp GDDT ehCi tri xay dung chuang trinh tong the CCGD (Cdn nO^a) SUMMARY Cung vdi viee tCf bd vj tri dpc quyIn cung Cfng giao due, md hinh quan li nha nude ve giao due cung ed budc thay doi ve chat tren pham vi toan the gidi, Dd la viee hinh md hinh quan li cdng mdi (QLCM) giao due ? tudng ea ban cua md hinh QLCM la trude nhung khd khan ve ngan sach va ap luc v l cdng viee mot the gidi toan cau boa, chinh phu phai tap trung vao nhiem vu "cam lai", cdn viee "cheo thuyen" phai giao bdt cho cac td chCfc xa hpi dan sLf va doanh nghiep, Khi dd, cac dae trung chCi yeu cLia md hinh QLCM giao due la: de KHGD so' 58, thdng - Analysing the socio-economic factors shaping Vietnam education in the next 15-20 years and adapting OECD scenarios approach in Schooling for Tomorrow project, this article aims to identify basic requirements for the future development of Vietnam general education, namely general education should be foundation for lifelong learning, promotion for sustainable development, focusing on the development of Vietnamese personality, modernised according to ICT imperative, standardised In view of personalising learning, and socialised so as general education remains a public good ... development of Vietnam general education, namely general education should be foundation for lifelong learning, promotion for sustainable development, focusing on the development of Vietnamese personality,... tiep tuc hoan thien nen kinh te thj trUdng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghTa, Ban chat cua toan cau hda, la hpp tac va canh tranh tren thi trUdng toan cau, ddi hdi phai tu lai v l muc tieu giao due,... education, OECD, 2008, trang 35) '' KHGD so , t h d n g - — Khoa hoc Gido due cung phai tinh den cac nen kinh te Idn nhU Trung Qudc, An Dp, dang eang ddng vai trd quan trpng budc chuyen kinh te the gidi