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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2009, Vol 54, No 8, pp 47 53 REN LUYEN KI NANG DOC HIEU CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC TAG PHAM VAN C H U O N G 6 TRUCING TRUNG HOC P H 6 THONG Nguyen Thanh Bi[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2009, Vol 54, No 8, pp 47-53 REN LUYEN KI N A N G DOC HIEU CHO HOC SINH T R O N G DAY HOC TAG P H A M VAN C H U O N G T R U C I N G TRUNG HOC P H T H O N G Nguyen Thanh Binh Sd Gido due Ddo tao An Giang Md dau Trong nhung thap nien gin ddy, vin de dpc higu da dupc c|iian tdm nghign cQu va ehinh thQc dirpe dira vdo chQPng trinh va sdch gido khoa NgQ vdn Trung hpc nhu la mdt vin d i mdi lam thay ddi cd bin ndi dung va pliUdng phdp day hpc vdn nhit la day hpc tac phdm van chudng Di viec day hpc tac phim vdn chupng (TPVC) d trudng Trung hpc phd thdng (THPT) diin thudn lpi dung vdi tinh thin ddi mdi ehUdng trinh va sach gide khoa NgQ vdn, viec giao vien ren luyen cho hpc sinh (HS) kl ndng dpc higu TPVC la viec lam cin thiit ndi dung bai viit nay, chung tdi xin di xuit nhQng ki nang dpc higu cP bin vd xem ddy la mpt nhung bien phap nhdm hinh eho ban dpc HS kha ndng hoai nghi, biit ngac nhien va dupc thda nguyen qud trinh dpc higu tdc phdm nghe thudt 2.1 N o i d u n g n g h i e n ciJu Kl nang doe chinh xac doc hieu t a c p h a m van chtfdng Dpc chfnh xac la hdnh ddng dpc quan trpng cua lao dpng tri tue Trong dpc van, no la ki ndng dpc hiiu cP b i n d i u tign, ygu ciu vi tri tue, thudc vi nhan thQc cdi dung cdi sai Ki ndng dpc chfnh xac niu dupc tri, d i m bio vi ndi dung vd phudng phap se dem lai gid tri chan If ddi sdng va chan If nghe thuat cua tac phdm Ren luyen ki ndng dpc chfnh xde vdn ban nghe thuat ngdn tQ se khich lg niim tin vao b i n than HS va su tin tudng vdo gid tri chan thien mi cua TPVC Mudn cd ki nang dpc chinh xac dpc hiiu TPVC trudc hit HS phii ndm vQng nhung gi cin hiiu vi ngdn tQ treng mdi quan he vdn canh, su lua clipu vd kit hpp, viec nhdm hpp chung he thdng va phdn bd theo mpt trat tu ndd dd tdc phim Mat khac ki ndng dpc chfnh xac doi hdi ngudi dpc phai tinh mdt khdng dupc bd set mpt tQ nao, tham chf tQng dau cau hay d i u phdn each dong, doan, khd ciia 47 Nguyin Thanh Binh van ban Qua dd ngudi dpc ndm dupe y nghia cua tQ khda, y nghia cua can, cua doan va tim thiy mach y eua van ban tac pham Di cung cd ki ndng dpc chfnh xac nen luu y giup dd HS tu t r i ldi cau hdi tai nhd vdn lai diing loai td dy, lai van dung kieu cdu ddi ngan khde vdi cdeh ngat nhip dy cdt di nhdm muc dich gi Lam rd dupc diiu ngudi dpc da tiin thgm mpt budc d i hiiu phin chim, p h i n ham ngdn cua tac phdm tQc la hieu dupc • /• • chu y cua nha van Mue dich cua ki ndng dpc chfnii xde dpc hiiu la cd gang hiiu dupe nhiiu nhung gi cin hiiu d i thu nhan tdi da y nghia eua TPVC Cai khd cua viec ren luyen ki ndng dpc chfnh xac va phai ndng d i n tdc dp dpc, phai lam chu thdi gian dpc Di thue hien tdt ki ndng dpc chfnh xac dpc hiiu TPVC, ngUdi dpc khdng nhung phii dpc ki ma cdn phai ldm cjuen vdi hanh dpng dpc tren dong, dpc giua ddng, dpc ngoai ddng phdi hpp ehung lai vdi di cam nhan dupc "y tai ngdn ngoai" Phii chdng cung ngn van dung hanh dpng dpc lirdt qua de ndm nhanh y tudng chu dao cua tae pham bdng kha ndng tdng gidc (Apprehension) Ben canh edn giup HS biit dpc nhanh dg than tdm npi dung b i mat hinh thQe thg loai mpt cdeh tap trung d i tranh lin Ion vi phUPng thQc md ta ddi sdng Hanh dpng dpc nhanh loai bd each dpc theo thQ tu tQng ddng mpt Mpi cdn chu, dcng, edu thupc kiiu dpc ed liQu xua diu phai bi ludt qua Nhu vay vdi ki ndng dpc chfnh xac treng dpc hiiu TPVC, ngudi dpc phii cd gdng tfch CQc hpc dpc toan einh, dpc hit, dpc cheo, dpc ludt, dpc nhanh, dpc ki, dpc dung, dpc thdng, dpc tdc dp, dpc kiim seat, dpc cP b i n nhung eung khdng nen xiit chat qua cac yen ciu cao ldm cang thdng ngudi dpc ma phai biet tha long tinh t h i n va co t h i d i cd niem vui di vdd TPVC nhu di vdo mpt t h i gidi bay bdng cua tdm hdn Mat khac ren lu3'gn ki ndng dpc chfnh xac cung phai tranh hdnh ddng dpc vdi, dpc cjua loa dpc chiiu le, dpc nhay cdc, dpc phan tan, dpc sai, dpc nhim, dpc ngpng Du sao, yen ciu chit lupng cua ki ndng dpc chfnh xac dpc hiiu TPVC chu yiu vin cdn n i m dia hat dpc ngdn ngQ Qua trinh dpc hiiu phai vQpt qua gidi han dpc ngdn ngQ sang dpc van Yen ciu ddi hdi ngudi dpc phai di sdu vao t h i gidi nghe thudt ngdn tQ theo phep chuyin nghia, i n du, tupng trUiig, biiu tupng, diim sang thdm mi va hinh tupng nghe thudt TPVC Ki ndng dpc chfnh xac khdng dam nhan dupc ddi hdi ay ma phai ren luyen ki nang dpc phan tieh 2.2 Kl n a n g d o c p h a n tich t r o n g d o c hi§u t a c p h a m van chu'dng Ki nang dpc phdn tich treng dpc hiiu TPVC cd mpt vi trf quan trpng va y nghia to Idn quyet dinh hieu qua dpc hiiu, thue chit cua dpc hiiu tae p h i m nghe thuat la phan tfch van ban nghe thuat iy (y T r i n Dinh Su) 48 Ren luyen ky ndng doc hiiu cho hoc sinh day hoc tdc phdm van chuang Mudn ren luyen ki nang dpc phdn tfch dpc - hiiu TPVC, ngUdi dpc phii quan tam din nhQng nhQng net mdi la cua tQng ed can lien tudng qua hinh anh cu the va ed cau ddi xa qua tupng trung, biiu tupng cu t h i d i truyin dat y tudng Vf du ndi phong lan nd la sQ diin dat da quen thudc NhUng ndi hdu nd lai la sU diin dat kha la tai nhung vin co nghia vi cd met tQ i n la tQ "hoa" cd the kit hpp vdi tQ bin (hoa bin) va cdn kit hpp dupc vdi tQ "nd" (hoa nd) Do dd bdu nd la biiu tupng mdi cc nghia dupe chip nhdn treng ngdn ngQ nghe thudt Nd mang lai hudng vi mde mac binh di eua thdn qng mac du ndi bdu nd thi la vd khdng hay ldm Ki nang dpc phdn tfch tao nang luc dpc tdt n h i t vd hodn chinh nhit Tit nhien thue hien ki nang dpc phan tfch cin nhieu thdi gian Do dd ki ndng dpc phan tfch chu yen ngn luyen tap d nha vd cung cd sudt qua trinh dpc hiiu TPVC Dpc phdn tfch trude tign va trgn hit phuc vu cho dpc hiiu Niu khdng tan dung dung dan cac hanh dpng dpc phuc vu ki ndng dpc phdn tfch tdt thi ddc gii HS gin nhu khdng thg trdng cay vao ban thdn tac phdm d i di tQ chd hiiu ft din hiiu nhiiu vi nd Hdnh dpng dpc quan trpng ddi vdi viec hinh ki ndng dpc phan tfch chfnh la dpc kL Dpc ki la dpc nhiiu lin treng nhQng thdi diim khde vdi nhQng muc dfeh va tam t h i khde Du ngudi dpc cd dpc ti mi tQng tQ, tQng cau, tQng dpan chi li ma khdng y thQc vi diiu dang dpc vd vd cim thi cung chua phii la dpc ki Dpc ki bao ham dpc di, dpc lai cam nhan mdt sd yiu td npi dung, hinh thQc ndd dd chua rd d i sau dd ed ed sd xac dinh tdm cin phan tfch tim y nghia nhiiu mat cua nd, nhu If nghe thuat eua cdc phUdng tien ngdn ngQ nghg thuat va nhung thdng diep va ngu y (allegoric) cua nhd van tdc phdm ThQc hanh ki ndng dpc phan tieh phii co cdi nhin xuygn sudt tQ vige xac dinh loai t h i - ten tae phdm - chu d i - kit ciu ~ nhan vat trung tam - ede phudng tign hinh thQe xay dQng hinh tQpng nghg thudt nhu Idp tQ then chdt, bien phdp tu tQ nhu i n du tupng trung va biiu tupng nghe thudt di phdn tfch chinh t h i nghe thuat eua tae phdm vd khai quat y nghia thdnh tu tudng chu di Mdi TPVC la met chinh thi nghe thudt phQc tap dQpc tao bdi eac yiu td khde dupe td chQc d nhQng dang thQc khac Treng chinh t h i phQc tap iy vin cd mdt nhdn td chii dae khdng che each xay dung toan bd tdc phim vdi y nghia va vai trd tQng bp phan trdng chinh thg dd Tuy dupe phep, nhung thuc hanh ki ndng dpc phdn tfch, ban dpc HS khdng nen vdi va tin vdo nhung ngudi dpc gidi hdn minh nhu thdy cd gidd, nhd phg binh nghign cQu van hpc vi hp khdng phai luc nao cung dua dupe nhQng nhdn dinh dung dan Hpn nQa niu cc dung mUdi mUdi di nQa thi chua chac da la thin dae Ndi t h i cung cd nghia la hay gay dung niim tu tin cd cd sd viec tranh luan, ddi thoai cua HS dpc phdn tich tac phdm Dudi su hudng din cua nhQng ngQdi di trQdc nhiiu kinh nghiem nhUng HS vin cc thi nhin thdy nhQng tia 49 Nguyin Thanh Binh sang b i t ngd, lung linh hQ id hdn, nhQ la sQ phdt hien va chiem nghiem rieng Dc la su ddng gdp cua hanh dpng dpc ngoai tae p h i m Ren luyen kl nang dpc phan tfch dpc hiiu TPVC cin su dung hanh dpng dpc nhiiu lin, dpc toan bp tac phdm, ben canh dpc ki nhu da trinh bay phfa trude d i co each rigng di vao tae phdm Ngoai nhQng hanh dpng dpc dd, mudn thdnh thao ki ndng dpc phan tfch, ban dpc HS phai am hiiu hanh dpng dpc tfch cue, dpc hieu qua Dpc hieu qua ygu ciu dpc gia phai nd lue lau dai va tich cue huy dOng mpi nang luc ban than qud trinh dpc Tich CQc va higu q u i la hai mat cua vin d i trudng vi van hda dpc Hoan ki ndng dpc phan tich, ngUdi dpc se hiiu can ke t h i u dac gia tri dfeh thuc vi npi dung tu tQPng nhan sinh va hinh thQc sang tao dpc ddo cua tae phim 2.3 Kl n a n g d o c sang tao t r o n g d o c h i e u t a c p h a m van chifdng Mudn hiiu nhQng kiet tae van chQPng phii biit dpc sdng tao chQ khdng phai la dpc d i nhd nhQng kiin thQc dang hda thach Trong dpc sang tao doi hdi ngudi dpc phai thda man hai ygu ciu tdi thiiu sau day: Met la, ngudi dpc phii ndm vQng su td chQc toan canh (panorama) hoac la t h i gidi nghe thuat eua tae phdm Ddng thdi ngudi dpc phii hiiu dupe mang ludi ngdn tQ dpc ddc va kham pha dQpc cau true chu de tu tudng cua tac phim Hai la tren cP sd cua kinh nghiem va xuc cam rieng tU, ngUdi dpc trinh bay sU phat hign lai hoac sQ kham pha mdi cua minh vi tdc phim Cung cin luu y dpc sang tao nha trudng co nhUng mQe dp nhit dinh Dpc sang tao bao gdm dpc chfnh xac theo man, cai bien cim xuc dpc diin cim va cao hon la dpc trai nghiem d i bd sung tinh y vao tac phim Van ban nghg thuat chQa dung nhQng kha ndng ddng hanh cung HS Nd tao su gap gd va ddng cam giua HS va tdc phim Nd ddi hdi thai dp thdm mi cung chiiu va ngupc chiiu eua HS vdi nhan vat, tinh hudng, bQc tranh ddi sdng dupc khde hpa tae phdm Mudn thQc hien ki ndng dpc sang tao cin phai dQa vao nhung diiu kien day hpc cu thi Su tiip can tae p h i m dpc sang tae cin cd dupc khdng khf sdn sang lam viec Khdng t h i day hpc dpc sang tao phong hpc "chan khdng" D6 phii la khdng gian dam b i o va tri "cuOc chdi" hQng tim va than thign trdng Idp hpc Trudc thuc hien ki ndng dpc sang tae phai tao dupe tinh t h i n cdi md ddi thoai ddn chu Ngudi GV phii trao ddi eho n h i t trf vi ham nghia, mQc dp cung nhu each thQe dpc sang tao Ki nang dpc sang tao phai dQa vao ki ndng dpc chinh xac gan liin vdi mdi quan he xac thuc va cP b i n cua eac phuong an va each hiiu vi ndi dung y nghia cua tac pham e6 t h i chip nhan dupc Ndi each khae ki ndng dpc sang tao dpc hiiu TPVC gop phan giai phong vi mat tam li, tQ ngudi dpc tao nhung tiin d i cd t h i bd sung them nhQng gi bd ngd qua trinh dpc sang tao "Dpc sang tao la k h i ndng lien he nhQng gi dang dpc vdi nhQng gi da dUdc 50 Ren luyen ky nang doc hiiu cho hoc sinh day hoc tdc phdm, van chuang dpc Iiy dd lam eo sd d i pid rdng bign dp cua sQ hiiu biit tham chi vdi vdn ban nghe thuat, dpc sang tao cdn cd t h i xde dinh nghia mdi eho hinh tupng MQc dp hiiu tUPng Qng vdi kha nang dpc vUpt nhQng ddng chu" [3] Dpc sdng tao bao gdm sir phdt hien va cdng nhdn cdc kf hieu cc tdc dung nhu nhung tac nhdn gpi nghia eua tQ ngu vdn da dupe ngudi dpc thiit lap bing kinh nghiem qud khQ va kiin tao them cae nghia mdi ma ngudi dpc tim nhd nhQng khdi niem tUdng tu sdn cc d ngudi dpc Khi ndo ngudi dpc tU thiy niim vui thieh b i t gap mdt dieu gi chua hi ed ddi tac phim, luc co thi gpi la da hiiu mdi nhQng gi da dpc Dpc sang tao la ki nang phdt hien cdi mdi trdng SQ thdng n h i t toan ven ciia tac phdm "Dpc sang tao la phat hien nhQng y nghia mdi ngoai sQ chu y eua tac gia hoac ngodi each hiiu thdng thirdng Day la ygu ciu cao cua ngudi dpc nghign cQu" [9] Dpc sang tae la met ki nang dirpe van dung mdi bat diu dpc sP bd ked dai che tdi sau dpc phdn tich tae phdm Diiu dang luu y n h i t ddi vdi dpc sang tae khdng phii la bi rang bude qua chat vae cau chu vd ngon tQ nghe thudt ma la md rpng lien tirdng, tudng tupng bam sat hinh tupng nghe thudt, du dodn kha ndng phdt hien sQe sdng va y nghia eua nd cude sdng dudng dai Phai kheu gpi ndng ling nghe nliQng vang vpng ki thu eua nhip dieu ngdn tir, nhip dign tdi sinh vd sin sinh nhung y tudng md hd dQdng viin mdi va dep hinh tQpng nghe thudt ciia tae pham Chdc ehdn thue hanh luyen tap ki ndng dpc sang tae, ddc gii phii van dung cae hanh ddng dpc trii nghiem, dpc diin cim, dpc thudc Idng, dpc nhap vai va dpc lai nhu la each thQc tim kiim su sinh cai mdi Cudi eung chung tdi di cap din ki ndng dpc tfch luy, mdt ki ndng dpc, ygu ciu khd cao vi trinh dp khdi qudt hda nghe thuat va cu thg hda nghe thudt hai hda d ngudi dpc 2.4 Kl n a n g d o c tich liiy doc hieu tae p h a m van ehtfdng Ki ndng dpc tfch luy Id ki ndng dpc nhin manh tinh chit, niQc dp cao t h i p phQc tap hay don gian, khd hay d i vi viec van dung dpc hiiu c6 higu qua KI ndng dpc tfch luy la edch phan bigt ddc diim va cac ygu ciu cua cae ki ndng dpc trudc Kl nang dpc trUde la diiu kien cho viec thQc hien ki nang dpc sau Hodn thien ki ndng dpc tfch luy dpc hiiu se lam che viec thu nhan thdng tin, dp sau rdng vi sir hiiu biit va niim hQng thu qua trinh dpc hiiu TPVC tang len rd ret Ki ndng dpc trudc "gop vdn" cho ki ndng dpc sau Trinh dp dpc ehinh xac khdng bi lin tran sang trinh dp dpc phdn tfch Trinh dp dpc phan tfch khdng bi trinh dp dpc sang tao che khuit Cudi cung ki ndng dpc tfch luy (cumulation), mdt each dpc sau da van dung thdnh qua eua cdc ki ndng dpc trUdc dd d i ed cai nhin khai quat chinh thi tae phdm Day la mQc dp cac treng dpc hiiu, tdc dpng tfch cQc vao nhdn each 51 Nguyin Thanh Binh toan dien vd van hda dpc cua ca nhan HS Nd bao ham t i t c i cac mQe dp va cae ki ndng dpc khac d i md rdng va tfch hpp lai nhQ mpt eo hpi tiip nhan trpn ven gia tri dfeh thQc cua TPVC va cd t h i "tieu hda" nd sd huu cua HS Vin de la tfch luy d day dupe hiiu nhu t h i nao? Dd la tfch luy thdng tin thim mi, tieh luy kinh nghiem nghe thuat, tfch luy y nghia va thii phap tao sinh y nghia Kl ndng dpc tfch luy ed t h i van dung hanh dpng dpc sau, dpc tham cQu, dpc so sanh ddi chiiu, dpc cham Dpc cham khdng ed nghia don gian la dpc cham rai ma la dpc nhQng gi hien len t h i p thoang nhu hinh anh, biiu tUdng, cdi hay, edi dep dupc ngdn tQ nghe thuat chuyin t i i ma ngudi dpc cam nhan dupc d ddu dd Nhd the Chi Lan Vign - nhu mpt ngUdi dpc chan chfnh - da tQng viit ; ^ , Ta nhd Td Nhu doc cham lai Kieu Doc cham tiing vdng trdng hdng ndi budn li biet Khi thuc hanh ki nang dpc tfch luy dpc hiiu TPVC cin luu y ddc biet din hanh dOng dpc sdu Day la hanh dpng dpc lam bpe Id mdi lien he thdng n h i t nhiiu mat cua ddi sdng vd nghe thudt, cua trf tue va tinh cim cang bae quat trpn ven vdn bin tdc phdm Phai dpc cham d i phat hien hinh inh, su kien eua t h i gidi suy tu va tam tinh cua nhan vat va hinh tupng nghe thuat cua tac pham HS cd t h i dpc va thdng ke nhung mdi quan he giQa nhan vat vdi sQ kien, tinh hudng va vdi nhdn vat van hpc khde Phan leai va hg thdng hda nhan vat theo mdi quan he da dang da tuyin di xac dinh chu d i va tQ tQdng tdc phdm HS vQa dpc vQa lam SP dd hda mang ludi quan he giQa cae yiu td hinh thQc va npi dung, bO phan va toan thi, chi tiit nghe thuat va chinh t h i nghe thudt di tim kiiu tU vdn hpc va phuPng thQc trinh bay nghe thuat cua tac p h i m VQa dpc vQa tham chiiu thdi diim sang tdc, chang dudng nghe thudt, sU chuyin bien tu tudng va quan diim sang tac cua nha vdn d i xac dinh cim hQng sang tac di lai d i u i n tae phim HS cin phai lam quen vdi hanh dQng dpc ben va c i hanh dpng dpc ben ngoai tdc phdm nhu dpc hdi kf va ghi chep cua nha van ve qua trinh sang tao tdc phim, tham khao nhung bai phg binh tdc phim Ngoai edn cin phii dpc di dpc lai nhiiu lin de hda giii nhung ban khddn, ngd nhdn vi mpt sd diim sang thdm mi hoac nhQng vin d i edn treo lai trQdc chQa cd ldi ddp phu hpp vdi van einh, vdi tac phim, vdi bdi canh "thdi dai thi ca" va hien thue ddi sdng Ket luan Di khep lai vige trinh bay bdn ki ndng dpc hiiu cP ban, chung tdi mudn nhdc lai rang dpc hiiu TPVC khdng nhim muc dfeh hiiu tdi cung va tdt ca nhung gi chQa dQng treng tae phim Dd chi la sQ ed gdng vd vpng cua b i t ki Bdi vi tinh md va khdng kit thuc eua TPVC nhd kha nang tai sinh cua hinh tupng nghe thuat Tfnh md hd da nghia eua ngdn ngQ van hpc va tfnh chu quan ddi thoai, giao tiip 52 Ren luyen ky ndng doc hieu cho hoc sinh day hoc tdc phdm van chuang vdn hpc cung lam can trd viec dpc hiiu Ngudi dpc du dupc ddo tao va tinh tudng den may cung ehi dat tdi viec doc hiiu tdc phdm mdt cdeh thda ddng chQ khdng thi hieu tdi ddy va tu tin xem minh la chan li TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O [1] Nguyen Thi Hanh, 2002 Day hoc doc hiiu d tiiu hoc Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi [2] Nguyen Thdi Hda, 2004 Vdn di doc hiiu vd day doc hiiu Tap chf Khoa hpc, Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi [3] Nguyin Trpng Hoan, 2002, Day doc hiiu vdn bdn mdn Ngu Vdn d Trung hoc ca sd Tap chf Gido due [4] Nguygn Trpng Hoan, 2003 Phdt triin ndng luc doc day hoc Ngu vdn Tap chf Vdn hpc va Tudi tre [5] Nguyin Trpng Hodn, 2004 Mat so vdn de doc hiiu tha van tru tinh vd tdc phdm vdn chuang nghi ludn chuang trinh vd sdch gido khoa NgU Vdn Tap chf Van hpc vd Tudi tre [6] Nguyin Thanh Hung, 2002 Doc vd tiip nhdn vdn chuang Nxb Giao due Ha Npi [7] Nguyin Thanh Hung, 2008 Doc hiiu tdc phdm vdn chuang nhd trudng Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi [8] Trin Dinh SQ, 2003 Doc hiiu vdn bdn Tap ehf Khoa hpc, Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi [9] Trin Dinh SQ 2006 Doc hieu vdn bdn, mot khdu dot phd ndi dung vd phuang phdp day vdn hien Tai lieu bdi dudng giao vign Ha Ndi ABSTRACT Training reading-understanding skills for students teaching literature works in high schools The paper gives some methods of training reading-understanding skills for students fdr teaching literature works in high schools There are four main skills: read-exactly skill, read-analyse skill, read-creative skill, and read-collected skills 53 ... TPVC nhd kha nang tai sinh cua hinh tupng nghe thuat Tfnh md hd da nghia eua ngdn ngQ van hpc va tfnh chu quan ddi thoai, giao tiip 52 Ren luyen ky ndng doc hieu cho hoc sinh day hoc tdc phdm... phdm - chu d i - kit ciu ~ nhan vat trung tam - ede phudng tign hinh thQe xay dQng hinh tQpng nghg thudt nhu Idp tQ then chdt, bien phdp tu tQ nhu i n du tupng trung va biiu tupng nghe thudt di... la k h i ndng lien he nhQng gi dang dpc vdi nhQng gi da dUdc 50 Ren luyen ky nang doc hiiu cho hoc sinh day hoc tdc phdm, van chuang dpc Iiy dd lam eo sd d i pid rdng bign dp cua sQ hiiu biit