JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2009, Vol 54, No 8, pp 14 22 T R A N G BI P H U O N G P H A P KICK T H I C H T U D U Y G O P P H A N N A N G CAO K Y N A N G N G H E N G H I E P C H O SINH[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2009, Vol 54, No 8, pp 14-22 T R A N G BI P H U O N G P H A P K I C K T H I C H T U D U Y G O P P H A N N A N G CAO K Y N A N G N G H E N G H I E P CHO SINH VIEN C H U Y E N N G A N H SJJ P H A M T O A N Chu Cam Thd Trudng Dai hoc Su pham Hd Ndi Md dau Qua trinh day hpc d trudng phd thdng khdng chi la su tiip nhan tri thQe thuin ma edn la su giao luu cin thiit giup hpc sinh trudng thanh, sdn sang cho cuoc sdng ma eae em la mot chu t h i thuc thu Di dap Qng ygu ciu dd, ngUdi gido vign ndi chung, ngUdi gido vien day Toan ndi rigng cin cd nhQng ndng IQC SQ pham nhit dinh Ndng iQc ngQdi giao vien la kha nang thuc hien cac boat ddng giao due vdi chit lupng cao Nang luc bpe Id hoat dpng va gdn lien vdi mot sd kl ndng tUdng Qng Kl nang co tfnh cu thi, rigng le; nang lue ed tfnh tdng hpp, khai quat Ki nang vd ndng luc diu la sin pham cua qua trinh dao tao, ren luyen bao gdm ca su tu dao tao, tu ren luyen nhu: Ndng luc chan dodn nhu cdu vd ddc diem ddi tuang day hoc/gido due; Ndng lUc thiit ki ki hoach day hoc/gido due; Ndng luc td chdc' thuc hien ki hoach day hoc/gido due; Ndng lUc gidm sdt, ddnh gid kit qud cdc hoat ddng day hoc/gido due; Ndng lUc gidi quyit nhung vdn di ndy sinh trang thUc tien day hoc/gido due, Di dao tao dupc nhQng ngUdi giao vign nhu vay, cac trUdng sU pham khong t h i chi chu trpng den viec trang bi cho sinh vien nhung kien thQe khoa hpc CP ban, ma cdn cin phii giup hp cd dupc nhQng Id nang nghi nghiep ddc biet, giup hp trd nhUng ngudi hpc tfch cue hPn nhd cd dupe mot phuong phap tU hpc tdt Bdi "Bit luan la ehung ta dupe tuyin chpn vao trudng hpc hay ddn thuin chi la nhung hpc sinh cua trudng ddi, thi diiu cd y nghia n h i t doi vdi chung ta la phai hpc dupc phuPng phap hpc" - theo Bobbi Deporter va Mike Hernaki Phuong phap kfch thfch tu dupc hiiu la phuong phap td chQc hoat dpng giup ngudi trd ngn linh hoat, tich cue hon tQ dd giup hp phat huy dupc nang luc ban than, biit each hpp tac vdi ngudi khae, hoan cdng viec tdt hon Trong thdi gian qua, nhdm nghien cQu ciia chung tdi da triin khai dp dung mot sd phitPng phap kfch thfch tu vao day hpc mon phuong phap day hpc (PPDH) mdn Todn va cae chuygn de tu chpn lien quan Viec day cac phuPng phap kfch thfch tu cho sinh vign khoa Toan trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi (DHSP HN) khdng ndm ngoai muc dich giup hp co them phUdng phap phat huy nang luc va co them nhung kl nang nghe nghiep cin thiit 14 Trang bi phuang phdp kich thich tU gop phdn ndng cao ki nang nghe nghiep 2.1 Noi d u n g n g h i e n ciJu Mot s6 phifdng phap kich thich tif - Phuang phdp tap kich ndo - phuang phdp ndo cdng (brain.stormvng method) Tap kfch nao la phuong phap kich thieh tdm If phd bien nhit, dupe nha kinh doanh ngudi My Alex Osborn d i xuit vao ndm 1939 Phuong phdp dUa trgn su tu phg binh va phg binh nhung y tudng eua ca nhan mot nhdm ngudi, ki ca qud trinh kiim nghigm Lpi fch thue t i ma phuPng phap dem lai cho nliung ngudi sQ dung no la cai nhin sau sde vi vin di, xuat phdt tQ viec vitpt qua tinh i tam li vd nhQng trd ngai suy nghi bao thu Vi t h i day dupc coi l«'^phupng phdp huu hieu di nhung ngUdi lam edng tac giao due tu khde phuc nhung nhupe diim cua minh, hpc each phdi hpp va phat huy iipi lUc, t h i hien bin than - Phuang phdp Synectics (phuang phdp sii dung cdc phep tuang tu) Phuong phap dupc gidi thieu bdi W Gordon lin ddu tign ndm 1952 TQ Synectics theo gde Hy Lap cd eo nghia la "kit hpp eae yiu td khong ddng nhit" NhQng nhdm Synectics la nhung nhdm cd nganh nghi khac nhau, dupc tap hpp lai vdi muc dfeh cd gdng giai quyit mot each sang tao ede bai toan bdng vige tap luyen khdng han chi trf tudng tupng vd kit hpp iihung yiu td tudng cliQng khong kit hdp dupc Trong giang day, phUPng phdp giup ca ngudi day va ngudi lipc cd cai nhin tdng quat giii quyit vin de ddng thdi tdng cudng kl ndng phdi hpp nhom - Phuang pfidp cdu hdi kiem tra (method of control questions) TQ nhQng nam 20 ciia thi ki XX, nhiiu ngudi da dua cdc loai danh sach cau hdi nhdm muc dfeh giup ngudi giai mot mat dirng sa da vao hudng suy nghi quen thupc ma qugn di nhung hudng khae; mat khde, cae can hdi kiim tra edn cho nhung ldi khuygn ve viec sU dung eae thu thuat, phudng phap, gpi y, kinh nghiem sang tao Ngudi giii bai toan nay, su dung phudiig phap nay, phai tra ldi eac cau hdi cd danh sach theo ngu canh cua bai toan Din dang chu y co cae danh sach cau hdi kiim tra cua A Osborn dua nam 1964, cua T Eiloart dua nam 1969 va cua G Polya (1945) (cau hdi eiia G Folya dupe su dung r i t nhieu giii toan) - Phuang plidp doi tuang tieu diem (method of focal objects) Phuong phap phdt huy y tudng nhd viec chuyin giao nhung diu hieu, tfnh chit, chQc ndng, (gpi chung la cae diu hieu) cua nhung ddi tUpng cin phai cai tien (ddi tupng tieu diim hay prototype) eo tgn gpi la phupng phdp ddi tupng tieu diim Phuong phap dupe gido su trudng Dai hpc tdng hpp Berlin F Kuiize dua dudi dang ban d i u vdi tgn phuang phdp danh muc - Catalogue nam 1926 Vao nhung nam 50 the ki trude, phUdng phdp dupe nha bae hpc A-Iy C Whiting hoan thien thgm Phuong phap ddi tupng tigu diim la phuong phap khd ddn giin, ngUdi ta ed 15 Chu Cdm Tho t h i linh hpi sau vai ba lin luyen tap PhUPng phap cho kit qua tdt cin phai tim kiim nhQng biin t h i ciia cac phUdng phap, kit ciu da biit Cung cd the dung phUdng phap d i tap luyen phat triin tri tudng tupng ddi vdi mpi IQa tudi - Phuang phdp phd,n tich hinh thdi (Morphological analysis) PhUPng phap phan tfch hinh thai F Zwicky - nha vat If thign vdn ngUdi My gde Thuy Sy dua ndm 1942 Tren thuc t i , nguygn tdc ciia phudng phap dupe nha truyin gidd Tay Ban Nha - Lulli (1235 - 1315) lin d i u tien trinh bay tac p h i m "Nghe thuat vl dai" Ong eho rdng co t h i kf hieu tupng trUng eho eac khai niem da biit, sau thiit lap td hpp nhQng ki hieu nay, tQ dd tim nhUng khai niem mdi hay noi each khae, tim nhQng kiin thQe mdi Mue dfeh cua phUdng phdp phan tfch hinh thai la dua vd nghien cQu t i t ea cac phudng an mot each he thdng vi nguygn tdc, bdng viec phan chia ddi tupng tQng phin, da dang hda chung rdi kit hpp trd lai nhdm bao quat dUpc nhUng phUPng an b i t ngd, dpc dao cd t h i bi bd quen phUPng pimp thu sai - Phuang phdp sii dung cdc kit qud ciia Li thuyit gidi cdc bdi todn sdng chi TRIZ (Theory of inventive problem solving) .•; Li thuyit giai cae bai todn sang chi dupc giao su G.Altshuller cdng bd lin diu tai Lign Xd cu vao nam 1956, sau dupe phdt triin trgn toan the gidi thdnh mot trudng phdi chuygn nghien cQu vi eae thuat giai Unh vQc sang tao Ngudi ta CO t h i dp dung eac thu thuat eiia TRIZ d i tim ldi giai hoac sang tao nhQng bai todn mdi cung nhu dp dung pliUPng phap luan cua TRIZ de hinh mot phong each hpc tap, lam vige khoa hpc, tao nhung kho tU lieu quf i - Phuang phdp sii d,v,ng bdn dd tu (Mind ma.p) Phuong phap dupc biit din trgn the gidi vao eudi t h i ki XX va du nhap vao Viet Nam tQ d i u t h i ki XXI Ngudi khdi xudng phudng phap la Tduy Buzan mot nha tam If hpc ngUdi My Bdng cdeh lap ban dd eho nliuiig suy nghi cua minh, ban dd tu se giup ngUdi su dung nd dQng nao va giai quyit nhung vin d i khd khan, ddt va dat dupe nhung muc tigu, sang tao eong viec, d i dang xac dinh nhung Uu tign, thuyit trinh tdt va tU tin hon 2.2 Qua t r i n h trang bi phufdng p h a p kich t h i c h tu" d u y cho sinh v i e n n a m thiJ d khoa Toan trtfdng D H S P H N Chung toi trang bi eae phudng phap kfch thfch tu cho sinh vien nam thQ qua hai hpc phin: Phuang phdp day hoc da,i cuang va chuyen d^ tU chpn Phdt trien tU tQ nam hpc 2005 - 2006 cho din Mdi nam hpc chuygn d i thu hut tQ 16 din 22 hpc vien chfnh thQe va mot sd hpc vien chi theo hpc ma khdng tham gia chfnh thQe Day la nhung sinh vien da dupc trang bi nhQng kiin thQe cP ban vi bp mon Phuang pjhdp gidng day mdn Todn va co mot sU tfch cue n h i t dinh lua chpn chuyen di Cong viec dupe thuc hien nhu mot sir thu nghiem vi day la ndi 16 Trang hi phuang phdp kich thich tU gop phdn ndng cao ki, nang nghe nghiep dung khdng cd chUdng trinh NhQng tri thQe cd ban da dupe Idng ghep vdo ndi dung chuygn d^ vd, qua trinh giang day dupc thue hien bdng phudng phap kfch thfch tu Quy trinh thQe hien nhu sau: Bien soan n9i dung chuyen de (Cac phuomg phap kich thich tu dugc giai thieu rieng mot bai hoc) • " Soan giao in cho tirng bai hoc (Ap dung cac phuang phap kich thi'ch tu chuyen de) '' Thu'c hifn giao an coi sinli vien nhir doi tac (Co ghi lai hoat dong va tien trien cua sinh vien qua trinh hpc tap) '' Trong thdi gian hpc bp mon, sinh vien se ed dupe noi dung ehuyen di, hucing din each hpc, each lien lac vdi giang vign vd gidi thieu eac tai Iigu tham khao lien quan tQ nhQng budi hpc diu Viec hpc khdng chi dupe tiin hdnh trgn Idp va gidi han thdi lupng chuygn di ma eon dupe tiin hanh ca sinh vign da kit thuc khda hpc, trudng va eo nhung dp dung diu tign thuc tiin nghi nghiep cua hp 2.3 M o t so t i n h huong vi du T i n h h u o n g 1: Hudng d i n sinh vign khai thdc mot bai toan da biit Trong tinh hudng nay, thong qua viec dupe hudng d i n sQ dung eac thii thuat sang tao khai thac bai todn ban diu di dua nhung bai todn mdi nham phat triin tfnh linh hoat, sang tao Bgn canh viec hudng ngUdi hpc giai bai todn bdng nhiiu each khac da quen thupc, sinh vign se dupc trang bi phuong phdp kfch thich hoat dpng dpc lap, tfch cue d ngudi hpc B a i t o a n : Tren mat phang toa cho diem P(—3; 2), tim hai diem A, B tren true Ox edch J;, dan vi cho PA -|- PB nhd nhdt Khai thdc bdi todn: Ta se su dung cac thu thudt sang tao dg khai thac bdi toan (thuat chia nhd, tdch rieng ra, lam ngUpc lai, ) 17 Chu Cdm Thd [^(-3,2) - Hudng 1: Khai thac gia thiet < A,B e Ox [ AB = 4: , ,.:: ; ,,, Tdc ddng vda cdc yiu to co djnh: Diim P va dQ ddi doan AB Thay ddi tpa dp diim P{xo; go) va dp dai doan AB = a ta se cd 16p bai toan tUdng tu Tdc ddng vdo cdc yiu to chuyen ddng: A, B chay trgn Ox Thay bdi: A, B chay tren mOt dudng thdng (d), P khdng thupc (d) Vi du: Trgn mat phdng tpa dp cho diim F ( - ; 2), tim diim A, B trgn dudng thing (d) : y = x -\- each ddn vi dp dai cho PA -+- PB nhd n h i t Thay bdi: A, B chay trgn dudng thdng song song (thuat kit hpp) Vi du: Tren mat phdng tpa dp cho diim F ( - ; 2) Tim diim A tren (di) : y = x -\- I, B trgn (^2) : y = X + each don vi dp dai (tQc AB = 4) cho PA + PB nhd nhat Nhan xet: vf du trgn, (i(di, 1^2) < AB va P khdng ndm giQa di va d2- Vay eac trudng hdp khac thi sao? Chu y: Khi A, B chay tren dudng thdng song song thi diiu kien cin la d{d\,d2) < AB va vi trf tUOng ddi giQa P va di, d-^ khdng quan trpng, each lam hoan toan tuong tQ Thay bdi: A, B chay trgn dQdng thdng cdt Ta sQ dung thuat kit hpp de tim va giai bai toan cho nhiiu digm Vi du: Trong mat phdng tpa dp eho diim P(—3; 2) Tim diim A, B, C trgn Ox (sdp dung thQ tQ) va AB = 4em, BC = 3cm cho PA -+- PB -+- PC nhd nhit Nhdn xet: Bai toan thuc chat la kit hpp eua bai todn tUOng tU bai todn ban dau Dung thudt lam ngupc lai d i thay ddi cac yiu td chuyin dpng va cd dinh: Cho A, B cd dinh cdn P chuyin dpng (P chay tren dudng thdng song song vdi AB) Vl du: Trong mat phdng tpa dp cho diim A(l; 2), B{2\ 3) Tim diim P chay trgn dudng thdng [d) : y = x -^3 cho PA -I- PB nhd n h i t Trong vf du ta co t h i giii bdng eac each sau: Dung phuong phap tpa dp mat phdng hoac thiy dien tfch tam giac PAB khong ddi nen eo t h i lam theo each bai toan md diu (P chay trgn dudng t h i n g cdt AB) Vl du: Trong mat phdng tpa dp cho diim ^4(1; 2), ( ; 3) Tim diim P chay tren dudng thdng {d) : y = 2x + I cho PA + PB nhd n h i t Trong trudng hdp ta khdng the lam theo each dupe dien tfch Cua tam giac PAB (khi P la giao diim ciia AB va {d) thi PAB khdng la tam giac) thay ddi Ta lam vi du theo phudng phap tpa dO- Hudng 2: Khai thac kit luan Ta Cd t h i thay bang cau hdi: Tim A, B d i chu vi tam giac PAB nhd nhat 18 Trang bi phuang phdp kich thich tU gop phdn ndng cao kl nang nghe nghiep Vdi can hdi hpc sinh d i dang tim each giai Ta sQ dung thudt tach rigng di tim thiy bai toan hinh hpc lign quan: Bin chit cua doan thdng la vi trf dat va dp dai cua no Doan thdng AB bai toan niu ta bd qua vi trf dat va chi quan tam tdi dp dai cua no thi ta eo bai toan hinh hpc sau: Bdi todn 1: Tim dp dai cdc canh ciia tam giac PAB cd AB = 4cm va SPAB = 4cm^ eho chu vi tam giac PAB nhd n h i t (xay tam giac PAB can d P) Bdi todn 2: Tim tam gidc co chu vi nhd n h i t dien tich khong doi (xay tam gidc deu) Nhdn xet: Bai toan don gian hon bai todn nhUng each lam hoan toan tUPng tu vdi Ta sQ dung thuat lam ngUpe lai di eo eac bai toan sau: Bdi todn 1: Tim dp dai cae canh cua tam gide PAB ed AB = 4em va PA -f PB = 5cm cho SPAB Idn n h i t (xay tam giac PAB can d P) Bdi todn 2: Tim tam gide ed dign tfch Idn n h i t chu vi khong ddi (xay tam giac diu) T i n h h u o n g 2: Hudng d i n sinh vign khai thac cac hinh thQe td ehQe day hpc khde (J tinh hudng nay, ngUdi hpc se dupc hudng d i n each tim toi tu tao hinh thQe td chQc day hpc hpp li thfch Qng cho ddi tQpng day hpc nao dd Diiu lam cho nhung gid day sinh dpng va mdi me hpn Vi du: Vdi sinh vign K55, dung phudng phap ddi tupng tieu diim Ddi tupng bat diu: Chupng trinh truyin hinh Diu higu ddc trUng: C6 ngUdi din chudng trinh, hoat ndo vien, ngUdi ehdi, giai thudng, luat chdi, muc dfeh la giii trf, dupe dan dUng eong phu Chia Idp nhdm va thue hien hai giai doan: Giai doan lam viec nhdm d i dua hinh thQe td chQc day hpc cho mpt dang ndi dung day hpc ndo dd vd trinh bay trUde Idp, Giai doan nhan xet phuong an eua nhdm ban, thio luan d i chpn phUdng an thfch hpp Kit qud : - Cd t h i td chQc dam thoai giQa giao vign va hpc sinh, dd: giao vien la ngudi din chuong trinh ddng thdi la ngudi tra ldi can hdi va gpi md vin di, hpc sinh CO t h i gQi can hdi cho giao vign mot each chu dpng vi cac vin d i ban khodn - Td chQc trd ehdi hpc tddn: Bdt chudc cac tro ehoi truyin hinh vdi mue dfeh on tap kien thQe - Thay ddi hinh thQe lign he giQa giao vign va hpc sinh: Thanh lap hop thQ thoai, hop thu dien tii ehung, lap forum, website d i tdng kenh lign lac T i n h h u d n g 3: Hudng din sinh vien chi tao dung day hpc 19 Chu Cdm Tho Qua tinh hudng nay, sinh vien biet each khai thac y tudng d i che tao dd dung phuc vu viec day hpc Khong ehi dQng lai d day, ngudi hpc cdn dp dung nd vao cac hoat dpng tUPng tu khac Chdng han dung Phupng phap tap kfch nao cho sinh vien K54 Chia Idp nhom sinh vign vd thQe hien viec d i xuit, dung mo hinh ve mot dung cu day hpc tien fch eho giao vign mdn Todn T H F T qua hai giai doan: Giai doan cac ea nhan nhdm dua y tudng, phe phan, thao luan chpn phuPng an tot n h i t cua nhdm; Giai doan nhdm dQng md hinh va trinh bay trUdc Idp Kit qud: Nhdm 1: Md hinh dpng tao cac hinh khdng gian la cac doan thdng nhd CO t h i ndi lai vdi nhau, cd t h i thay ddi kfch thudc d i tao cae mo hinh khac Nhom 2: Su dung compa da nang d i ve dudng trdn, doan thdng, dudng thdng, xde dinh gde, thudc chi bing, compa dupe lam bdng chit deo cd the xip li nhu xip quat, ed mot canh la thude co t h i phan chia don vi dp dai, cd gdn thudc dp, va gdn true xoay T i n h h u o n g 4: Hudng din sU dung so dd td cliQc thong tin Trong ddi sdng ndi ehung va day hoc noi rigng, viec td chQc thdng tin cd y nghia vo cung quan trpng, n h i t la giai doan bung nd thdng tin nhu hien Qua tinh hudng nay, tQ viec dupe hudng d i n sQ dung cac phudng phap td chQe thcng tin bdng hinh anh, sd dd, sinh vign khong nhQng td chQe viec hpc hieu cjua hdn ma edn dp dung d i day tdt hdn, ddc biet la day lai cho ngudi khac Vf du ve viec dp dung Bdn tU td chUc thdng tin: Dg thiit lap dupe mot ban dd tu - td chQc thong tin: He thdng hda kiin thQe, trQdc hit cd t h i dat chu di vao trung tam cua bQc tranh, nhung nhanh tda se ddc trUng cho nhQng mach tri thQe nhd ma ngudi ve da phan hda Cung mOt chu de, mdi ngudi lai thiit ki dupe mdt 20 Trang hi phuang phdp kich thich tu gop phan nang cao kl ndng nghe nghiep ban dd khac ca ve ndi dung va hinh thQe thupc vao thoi quen tU va trinh dp eiia ngQdi thiit ki Ban dd se trd nen sinh dpng vd d i sU dung niu nhung noi dung dupe thay thi bdi nhQng hinh anh minh hpa dae trung Tren day la minh hpa ban dd tu he thdng kiin thQe chuong Ba dudng cd me Ket luan Qua hon ba nam hoc thuc hien thuc nghiem dua noi dung day hpc su dung cac phUPng phap kfch thfch tu cho sinh vign d khoa Todn trudng DHSP HN, chung tdi da thu dupc mot sd kit qua r i t dang khich le Thii nhdt, giang day noi dung chuyen di cd sir dung cac phuong phap tu la mot bien phdp tdt tao mot phuong phdp day hpc mdi thu hiit ngudi hpc Thong thudng mdi bai hpc, sinh vign se phii trai qua mot bdi kigm tra nhd 10 phut de kigm tra viec tQ hpc cua hp va dinh hudng bai hpc mdi Viec se khiin sinh vign phii tic-h eUc tu hpc tap hpn Hpc sinh dupc chia thdnh tQng nhom hoac lam vige dpc lap hpc iipi dung mdi Nhu vdy hp dupc chu y din viec phat trign kl ndng phe phan va chia se Ngoai ra, sau mdi bdi hpc, sinh vien phai lam mot bai tap d nhd tuong duong mot bai kiim tra 180 phut va gui bai lam cho giang vign qua email, hp dupc chia se nhung cam xuc, suy nghi eua hp sau bai hpc Viec lam se giup sinh vign thiy minh la ddi tac tliQc sU cong vige eua ngudi day - hp xQiig dang la ddng nghigp cua cdc giang vign, ddng thdi hp cung dQpc ren luyen mot sd kl ndng quan trpng ddi vdi giao vien la sQ dung may vi tfnh nhu mot cdng cu day hpc Thii hai, mdi bai hpc, sinh vign dupc dp dung eac phuPng phap kich thfch tu true tiip vac nhung npi dung cua bai hoac nhung vin di lien quan din viec day toan nhU: Cac nhom thio ludn vi dd dung day hpc (chi tao, sU dung dd dung, ); Cdc each giai mot bai toan bgn canh vige su dung so sanh, tuong tu hoa, ddc bigt hda, khai quat hda, ; SQ dung cdc phuong phdp kfch thich tu di sdng tao bdi toan mdi, edch giai mdi chd mot bai tap, phuPng phdp day eho mot npi dung nao dd chuong trinh Todn phd thong ; Ban luan vi thue trang eua gido due nhu cdng tac kiim tra danh gid, viec ban than cong vige day toan, viec xU If cae tinh hudng sU pham, Thue t i cho thiy ngudi hpc da dupe thuc tap viec sU dung cdc phUPng phap tu vdi ca hai tU cdeh la ngudi hpc va ngudi thue hign Tha ba, ban thdn ede phUdng phdp ndy day eho ngudi sU dung nd each giao tiip va chia se vdi t h i gidi xung quanh lam hp tfch cue hpn, ngn mot thue t i ddng mQng la hiu hit sinh vign da cd sU tien be re rgt vg nang iQc su pham sau hpc xong chuyen di Nhieu sinh vign da Qng dung dupc nhQng diiu da hpc vao cdng viec eua hp nhu xdy dung bin dd tu cai thign viec hpc, thuc hien nhung bai bao cao khoa hpc, nhQng khda ludn tdt nghigp va ddc biet nhung giao vien tap 21 Chu Cdm Tho su da cd nhQng bai day cdng, nhung each xQ If tinh hudng tam If, cd fch eho cong tac giao due TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O , [1] Chu Cdm Tho Ap dung li thuyit gidi cdc bdi todn sdng chi vdo day hoc mdn Todn Tap chf giao due sd 157, tr.26-28 [2] Phan Dung, 1994 Phuang phdp ludn sdng tga khoa hoc ki thudt Sd khoa hpc va Cong nghe T P HCM [3] Tony Buzan, 2007 Bdn dd tU cong viec Nxb Lao dOng ABSTRACT Equipping thought provoking m e t h o d s t o improve professional skills for students of t h e faculty of M a t h e m a t i c s , H N U E Today, students are not only in need of knowledge but also communicative skills, living skills and learning is viewed as an essential exchanging process to prepare them for their own life Therefore, apart from the subject content, teachers in general and teachers of Mathematics in particular should be equipped with other knowledge and professional skills In this section we introduce several methods such as: Brainstorming; Synectics ; Method of control questions; Method of focal objects; Morphological analysis method; Theory of inventive problem solving; Mind Mapping Some initial results of equipping third year students of Maths faculty, HNUE with thought provoking methods: Firstly the course which was conducted using thought provoking techniques has been proved effective in creating a new method for engaged learning; Secondly, in every lesson, the students had a chance to apply the thought-provoking techniques directly in the content of the lesson or solving some Mathematics teaching related problems; thirdly, these techniques themselves bring about benefits to the users in their communicating and sharing in the world and making them more active As a result, most of the participants have shown their explicit progress in teaching skills after the course A lot of students have been able to apply the methods they have learnt in their own work such as: creating thinking mapping to improve learning, writing scientific papers, implementing graduation papers Especially, during their practicum many student teachers have had successful lesson plans, problem -solving techniques, which make a good contribution to education 22 ... Qua t r i n h trang bi phufdng p h a p kich t h i c h tu" d u y cho sinh v i e n n a m thiJ d khoa Toan trtfdng D H S P H N Chung toi trang bi eae phudng phap kfch thfch tu cho sinh vien nam... tu tao hinh thQe td chQc day hpc hpp li thfch Qng cho ddi tQpng day hpc nao dd Diiu lam cho nhung gid day sinh dpng va mdi me hpn Vi du: Vdi sinh vign K55, dung phudng phap ddi tupng tieu diim... bdng nhiiu each khac da quen thupc, sinh vign se dupc trang bi phuong phdp kfch thich hoat dpng dpc lap, tfch cue d ngudi hpc B a i t o a n : Tren mat phang toa cho diem P(—3; 2), tim hai diem A,