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Ta Quang Thao Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05) 27 32 PHAT T R I E N K Y NANG MEM CHO SINH VIEN CAC TRLfOiNG CAO DANG CHUYEN NGHIEP Ta Quang Thao* , , Truang Cao ddng Kinh le Ky thutil VTnh Phiic TO[.]
Ta Quang Thao PHAT Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE TRIEN KY 81(05): 27-32 NANG MEM CHO SINH VIEN CAC TRLfOiNG CAO DANG CHUYEN NGHIEP Ta Quang Thao* , , Truang Cao ddng Kinh le - Ky thutil VTnh Phiic TOMTAT ;,::• Ky nang mem (KNM) la nhung ky nang bd trg cho hoat dong cua ca nhan giup cho ca nhan bien nhan thuc hanh ddng va phat trien nang lire ca nhan, dong gdp vao su edng cua mdt td chuc Vi vay, ben canh trinh ve chuyen mdn nghiep vu, KNM la mpt cac yeu td ma nha tuyen dung lao dpng quan tam de tuyen chpn cac ung vien Thuc te cac nha tuyen dung nhan djnh KNM cua sinh vien sau tdt nghiep trudng ty le muc dp yeu la 38%, muc dp trung binh la 53%, mdc dp kha la 9%" Hien hau het cac nha trudng quan tam nhieu den viec trang bj kien thuc (ky nang cdng) ma it quan tain den trang bj KNM cho sinh vien, dd la mdt tdn tai dao tao Vi vay, can phai cd giai phap phat trien mpt sd KNM cho sinh vien cac trudng cao dang, dai hpc la dieu can thiet thdi ky hdi nhap hien Tir khod; Ky ndng, ky ndng mem, sinh vien, ddo tgo, Irang bj, phdt Irlen DAT VAN DE Sinh vien Viet Nam vdn co truyen lh6ng thong minh, can cd vd tinb than tir chu hgc tap, la dgi ngu lao dgng co tri thdc tuong lai cda dat nude Hang nam, sinh vien Viet Nam Iu6n dat nhieu giai thuang cao cac cugc thi Iri tue tren the gidi (loan, vat ly, cd vua, Robocon ) The nhung ndng luc lao dgng cua Viet Nam lai dung mgl vj tri khiem nhuang vd chua dugc danh gid cao bai ban che td nhdng ky nang Nhu vay ngodi nhung kien thdc chuyen m6n, nguai lao dgng cdn phai dugc trang bj cac ky ndng mem de dam bao co viec lam md c6n de tien bg 16 chuc th6ng qua viec phdt huy tiem nang cda cd nhdn 25% {http;//M>M'w softskillsinstitution com/faq htm) Ngdy trinh hgc van vd cac bang cap chua dd de quyet djnh Irong viec tuyen dung lao dgng cda nhieii doanh nghiep vd nguoi sir diing lao d6ng Hg can cu vao yeu l6 ca nhdn nhu ky nang su nhay ben xd ly c6ng viec va giao tiep cda in6i nguoi lao dgng cac yeu t6 dugc nguai ta ggi la "Ky ndng mem" (Soft skill) Theo dieu tra cda Bg Lao dgng - Thuong binh va Xa hoi, l6ng s6 cdc sinh vien t6t nghiep hang ndm, ho-n 13% phdi dugc ddo lao lai hoac b6 sung ky nang, gdn 40% phdi dugc kem cap lai tai noi lam viec vd % can thai gian lam quen vdi c6ng viec[5] Trong do, hau het cac nha truong quan tam nhieu den viec trang bj kien thirc ma it quan tdm den Irang bj ky ndng mem (KNM) cho sinh vien, la mot t6n tai dao tao Vi vay, phdt trien mgl s6 KNM cho sinh vien cdc truang cao dang, dai hgc la cdn thiet thai ky hoi nhap hien Ngan hang The gioi ggi the ky 21 la ky nguyen cda kinh te dua vdo ky nang - Skills Based Economy ihttp;// wtvw Ubrarything com/M'ork/5395375) Nang lire cua nguai dugc ddnh gia tren cd khia canh: Kien thdc, ky ndng va thai Cdc nhd khoa hgc tren the gidi cho rang de dat cugc song thi ky nang mem (tri tue cam xdc) chiem 75% ky ndng cirng (tri tue logic) chi chiem THUG TRANG VE KY NANG MEM (KNM) CUA SINH VIEN HIEN NAY * Tel:0912054246 Email tatliao59uTgmall.com De tien hdnh khdo sat ve thuc trang KNM cua sinh vien, chdng t6i nghien cdu yen can td 27 Ta Quang Thao Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE cac doanh nghiep tren dja ban VTnh phdc ve phdt trien KNM d6i voi bgc sinh, sinh vien sau truang - Nghien cdu thuc trang ve trang bj KNM cho hgc sinh, sinh vien cac truang chuyen nghiep tren dja ban VTnh Phdc - Tien hanh khdo sat tai cdc truong Truong Cao ddng kinh tl - ky thuat (KT-KT) VTnh Phdc, Cao dang VTnh Phdc, Cao ddng c6ng nghiep Phdc Yen - Thai gian khdo sat: tu 01 den thdng 04 ndm 2011 Phugng phap khao sat - Khao sal bang bang h6i cho 100 sinh vien kh6i nganh kinh te (Tru-6ng Cao ddng KT-KT VTnh Phdc 40 Cao dang VTnh Phdc 30 Cao dang c6ng nghiep Phdc Yen 30) - Khao sat bdng bang hoi 50 chd doanh nghiep va ph6ng van mot s6 chu doanh nghiep - Khao sat bang bdng h6i 50 cdn bg quan ly, gidng vien va ph6ng van mot s6 can bg, giang vien KET QUA KHAO SAT Nhirng danh gia ve KNM ciia sinh vien truong Ngudi sir dung lao ddng quan tdm ddi vdi KNM cua ngirdi lao ddng KNM cda ca nhan la phdn quan trgng cda cd nhan d6 d6ng gop vao su c6ng eda mot to chirc Vi vay, ben canh trinh ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu, KNM Id mot cdc ylu 16 ma nha tuyen dung lao dgng quan tdm dk tuyen chgn cdc dng vien Ket qua khdo sat Id cac doanh nghiep qua bdng cho thay KNM cua nguai lao dgng dugc cdc nha tuyen dung dac biet quan tam qua dieu Ira khao sdt bdng bdng hoi cho thay 98% cac nha luyen dung cho rang rat can thiet, 2% cho rang can thiet, 0% nha tuyin dung cho rang khong can thiet Ngoai ra, nhung KNM CO ban c6 mdc va thd tir uu lien c6 khac nhau, cu the khao sat can bg luyln dung hoac chd doanh nghiep cho rdng lam quan trgng cda cdc ky ndng theo thu tu nhu sau: Ky nang gido tiep co (98%), ky ndng lam 28 81 (05): 27-32 viec nh6m (86%o), ky nang hgc vd tu hgc (73%o), ky nang thuylt trinh (68%) Dilu trung khap voi nhan djnh cua tac gia Irong www SAGA.vn-skillsgroup [7] Tu kit qua khao sat tren co the khdng djnh KNM Id yeu eau ca ban cua thj truang lao dgng giai doan hien nay, dieu ddi h6i cdc nha truang can c6 nhung thay ddi ngi dung, chuang trinh, muc tieu va phuong phap dao tao dap dng yeu eau tren Vi trang bi KNM cho sinh vien cua cdc nhd trudng hien Qua khdo sat tai eac doanh nghiep cho thay: Hien da s6 sinh vien t6t nghiep Irudng deu duge trang bj kien thdc ehuan ve nganh nghe duge ddo tao eae truang dai hgc, cao dang Tuy vay, eac KNM nhu ky ndng ldm viec nhom, ky ndng giao tiep, ky nang thuyet trinh, dap dng nhu eau eua thj truang lao dgng thi sinh vien eon rat nhieu ban che Thuc te cdc nhd tuyen dung nhan djnh KNM cua sinh vien sau t6t nghiep truang ty le mirc eon yeu la 38%, muc trung binh Id 53 %, muc kha la 9%, dieu cdng duge Vew Eull Version: Ky ndng mem cho sinh vien thai ky hoi nhap nhan djnh "ky nang mem eda sinh vien thier va yeu"[6] Chdng t6i ph6ng vdn Giam d6e C6ng ty Cd phan Dau tu vd Phdt trien edng nghe VTnh Phdc cho rang; "Nhan vien kinh doanh, nhan vien van ph6ng bao gia chdng t6i cdng cd sir d6i h6i eao hon d6i vai ky nang giao tiep dng sd, thuyet trinh so vai nhan vien thugc bg phan ky thuat"; Giam doe C6ng ty C6 phan TDC: "KNM d6i vai nhan vien Id kh6ng the yeu c6ng ty chdng t6i KNM cua nhan vien la sinh vien moi lot nghiep rat han che Khi tiep nhan nhan vien moi Id sinh vien tot nghiep tai cae nha truang bao gid C6ng ty cung phai to chuc dao tao them (td 02 den 03 thdng) mot s6 ky ndng truac giao viec ehinh thuc" Xuat phat tu nhung y kien tren viec trang bj KNM eho sinh vien cac nhd truang Id het sue can thiet dac biet la cdc ehuyen ngdnh thugc khoi ngdnh kinh te Ta Quang Thao 81(05) : - Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Ba ng 01: Tdng hgp ket qua1 khao sat 50can bd quan ly va giang vien DVT (%) Tinih Khi xay dung ndi dung chuong trinh ddng chi cd xac dinh ro muc tieu ve ky nang phai dat dugc? huong Ky nang hpc va tu hoc Ky nang lam viec nhdm Ky nang thuyet trinh Ludn luon Thuong XIuyen Thi nh th(Jang it Rat it 6.6 28.2 43.2 15.5 6.6 6.3 10.7 51.2 18.8 7.2 10.8 11 60 10 Ky nang giao liep 13.2 20.8 15 31 20 Thuc trang ve viec trang bj KNM cho sinh vien cua giang vien, can bo quan ly tai cac trudng Cao dang KT - KT tren dja ban tinh VTnh Phiic Viic trang bi KNM cho sinh viin chuang trinh ddo tgo Kel qua lai bang 01 cho thay: Ty le mdc thuong xuyen vd Iu6n luon cda gidng vien vd cdn bg quan ly a ky nang bgc vd lu hgc chiem 34,8%; ky nang lam viec nhom 8,3%, Ky ndng thuyet trinh chiem 18%, Ky nang giao tiep chiem 34% Dieu c6 the khdng dinh chuong trinh ddo tao tai cdc truang cao dang KT KT tren dja ban VTnh Phdc hien chua thuc su quan tam viec trang bj KNM cho sinh vien Ky ndng mim Irong muc liiu, bdi gidng gid giang ciia gido viin Ket qua khdo sdt cung cho thdy tren 88% gido vien nhan thiic dugc tdm quan trgng d6i voi dao tao KNM cho ngudi hgc, 12% cho rdng ky ndng mem hgc sinh, sinh vien lir ddc rut Irong qua trinh hgc tap va lam viec Chung t6i pbal phieu h6i ve muc thuang xuyen 16ng ghep truyen dat cda giang vien thai gian giang day tren lap d6i vai mgl s6 KNM CO ban sau long hgp ket qud nhu sau: Bang 02 Muc thudng xuyen Idng ghep truyen dat ve KNM cda giang vien thdi gian giang day tren Idp Cd (%) 52 61 Khong (%) 48 39 72 67 18 23 Nhdm KNM co ban Ky nSng hpc va tu hpc Ky nSng lam viec theo nhom Ky nang thuyet trinh Ky nSng giao tiep Dieu c6 the di den nhan djnh phan Ion gidng vien da cd nhdn thdc ve tdm quan trgng cda viec trang bj KNM cho sinh vien, nhung mdc khac dieu the hien giang vien chua nghien cdu ky yeu cdu ve KNM d6i voi tung nh6in nganh cu the Khd khdn viic ti-ang bi KNM cho sinh vien cdc nhd trirdng hien Kbi pb6ng van TbS.Ng6 Thj Cdm Linh Truang Cao dang KT-KT VTnh Phdc cho biet: "Viec giang day KNM tirng gia gidng, bdi gidng tren lap Id het sire can thiet, nhung thuc te cho thdy chua c6 quy djnb, huong dan cdng nhu tieu tri de djnb huang vd kiem soat ve viec ddo tao KNM Chd yen kiem soat kien thdc ky ndng ve chuyen mon nghiep vu chuyen ngdnh dao tao" Ths Nguyen Hdu Phuac, Truang cao ddng KT-KT VTnh Phdc cho rdng: "KNM la rat can thiet cho viec hinh thdnh phong each, 16i song cho nguoi hgc nhd truang vd tao dung hanh Irang sau truang, viec ddo tao KNM cho sinh vien hien chi mang tinh djnh huang nhd trudng" Tu nhan djnh tren cd the ket luan mac dd gidng vien da nhdn thdc dugc lam quan trgng viec trang bj KNM cho sinh vien nhung cdc kho khan d6 la quy djnb, yeu cdu gidng day tirng ky nang cu the clura dugc he th6ng boa; can bg qudn ly gidng vien vdn c6n nang ve truyen thu kien thirc chuyen in6n, nghiep vu (ky nang cung) c6n xem nhe viec trang bj KNM cho sinh vien Mat khac giang vien chua dugc lap huan, th6ng nhat I6ng ghep qua trinh truyen thu KNM cho sinh vien thai gian len lop T6 chirc cac boat dgng ngoai khod c6n it thieu kinh phi, cbirong trinh chua cu the vay hieu qud Ihdp 29 81(05): 27-32 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Ta Quang Thao giao tilp Idn lugt la; 80%, 38%,70%, 71% Nhu vay, da so sinh vien co nhu cau trang bj KNM qua trinh hgc tap tai truong Mat khac, mue nhu cdu cua sinh vien trang bj cac ky ndng khde nhau: ky nang tu hgc cac em eho rdng can thiet nhat, sau ky nang lam viee nh6m, ky ndng thuyet trinh, ky nang giao tiep Nhan thirc cua sinh vien cac trird-ng cao ddng KT - KT Tren dja ban VTnh Phuc ve ky nang mem Nhdn thirc ciia sinh viin vi tdm quan trgng cua KNM Bang 03 Nhan thuc cda sinh vien ve tam quan trpng cda KNM DVT (%) Chua bao gid nghi den phai hoan thien ky nang mem Khong c4n thiet lam, can nhat van la chuyen mon 12 Co cung lot khong co khong 14 can thi jt 34 Rit can thiet 37 Nhimg khd khdn cua sinh viin qud trinh phdt trien KNM cho sinh viin Bang Danh gia nhung khd khan cua sinh vien viec ITnh hdi KNM DVT (%) Qua kit qua khdo sdi a bdng 03 cho thdy c6n 3% so sinh vien kh6ng quan tdm den KNM doi vai hge tap, ren luyen va e6ng viee tuong lai Ty le sinh vien eho rdng KNM kh6ng quan trgng, chi coi trgng kien thdc chuyen m6n la 12% Ty le sinh vien nhdn thay KNM can thilt Id 71% ( 34% Id can thill, 37% rat can thiet) Nhir vay, hdu het cac em hgc sinh sinh vien da nhan thuc dugc vai lr6 cda KNM can thiet hgc tap, ren luyen va tuong lai Day Id tin hieu dang mdng vi ddy la nen tang va dgng luc de nguai hgc lao dgng lue cho bdn than qud trinh hgc lap vd ren luyen Khong CO thdi gian Khong CO giang vien chuong trinh phii hop 25 Khong CO moi trucmg de ren luyen 30 Khong CO kinh phi de theo hpc cac lap ngoai khoa 11 Khong gap kho khan gi 32 Kit qua khdo sat cho thay s6 nhdng sinh vien c6 nhu eau duge ddo tao KNM 2% cho rdng eac em gap kho khdn viec kb6ng dd thai gian de tham du cdc khod huan luyen KNM "ly do: ban hgc chuyin mdn, phdi di ldm thim, ly khac ", khong cd kinh phi de theo hgc eae chuong trinh ddo lao ngoai kh6a Id 11% Ty le sinh vien cho rang kh6ng e6 gidng vien vd ehirong trinh dao tao phu hgp, kh6ng eo m6i truang de ren luyen, kh6ng gap kh6 khdn nao lan lugt la 25%,30%,32 % Nhu vay, nhung kho khan eua sinh vien ehu yeu tap trung vao nha trudng can c6 gidng vien ehuan, chuong trinh dao lao phd hgp va tao m6i tru6ng ren luyen t6t Nhu cdu ddo tao ky ndng mem Ket qua khao sal nhu cau cda cdc em dugc dao tao nh6m KNM qua bdng Qua ket qua khao sal cda lac gia tai bang cho thdy: Ty le sinh vien cho rdng mdc rat can thiet vd can thiet cac ky nang hgc va tir hgc, ky ndng ldm viec nb6in, ky ndng thuyet trinh, ky nang Bang Nhu cau dugc trang bj ve KNM cua sinh vien DVT (%) Rdt can thiet Cdn thiet Ky nang hgc va tu hpc 32 48 Ky nang lam viec nhdm 12 Ky nang thuyet trinh Ky nang giao tiep Tinh huong Ban cd nhu cau trang bj KNM qua trinh hgc tap va ren luyen tai trudng 30 Binh thudng it can thiet 36 28 15 23 47 19 26 45 Khdng can thiet Ta Quang Thao Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05): 27-32 M Q T SO GIAI PHAP KET LUAN Tang cudng c6ng tac tuyen truyen nham nang cao y thuc trach nhiem cua m6i can bg, gidng vien ve viec phat trien KNM eho sinh vien Ddc biet Id tuyen truyen, van dgng d6i voi sinh vien de hg tu giac nhan thuc ro nhung KNM la rat can thiet va c6 y thuc ren luyen, thuc hanh thuang xuyen nhdm tao lap mot thoi quen lam viee chuyen nghiep tu dang hgc lap, ren luyen tai Truong Viec dao tao KNM cho nguai lao dgng dtrgc cdc doanh nghiep cdc do'n vj su dung lao dgng vd xa hoi quan ldm, dac biet th6i ky hoi nhap bien Cdc truang dai hgc cao dang can nhdn thiic ro tam quan trgng cda viec pbal trien KNM cho sinh vien g6p phdn ndng cao chat lugng dao lao, tao dung uy lin, thuong hieu cda Truong, dap ung nhu cau xd hoi va thj truong lao dgng Can thiet chudn bj t6t cdc ngu6n luc dua m6n bgc KNM vao chuong trinh ddo tao cac kh6i nganh dao lao cda truang dat hieu qua Phat trien KNM cho sinh vien lh6ng qua cac boat dgng ddo lao nhdm b6 trg, huan luyen cac KNM cho sinh vien Tao lap in6i truang phat trien cac KNM gidp sinh vien phat huy hieu qud cdc kien thdc chuyen m6n vd pbal trien liem ndng ca nhdn, phat huy t6i da ndng l*i-c cda ban than hoan thdnh xudt sdc nhiem vii hgc lap, ren luyen truang, tao dung hdnh trang sau t6t nghiep truang thdnh c6ng c6ng viec va cugc s6ng Dua viic ddo tgo KNM vdo chuang trinh ddo tgo cdc chuyin ngdnh - Xay dung m6n hge phat trien KNM vd la mot in6n hgc bdt buoc chuang trinh dao tao cdc chuyen ngdnh Ngi dung m6n hgc KNM dam bdo trang bj cho sinh vien nhung ky nang co' ban phd hgp voi kh6i ngdnh ddo tao Tien hanh tap huan, b6i duang ve chuyen mon, nghiep vii, phuong phdp gidng day m6n hgc ndy cho gidng vien gidng day - Phdt trien KNM cho sinh vien dugc tich hgp cdc mon hgc chuyen mon vd dugc long ghep lung gia len lop cua gidng vien - Cu the boa yeu cdu ve ddo lao ky ndng nghe nghiep vd KNM cho chuan dau cda lung chuong trinh ddo tao nhdm ndng cao chat lugng ddo lao vd ddp irng nhu cdu thj truang lao dgng Da dgng cdc hinh thirc ddo tgo, hiidn luyen KNM cho sinh viin Tang cuang thuc lap, trai nghiem Ihuc le lai cdc CO sa san xudl kinh doanh Huan luyen KNM lh6ng qua cac boat dgng ngoai khda, I6ng ghep cdc boat dgng Dodn, Hoi sinh vien; d6i thoai, giao luu voi chuyen gia cac doanh nghiep de lao thoi quen ldm viec chuyen nghiep cho sinh vien c6 co- hoi thuc hanh KNM thuang xuyen tu c6 Id c6n la sinh vien truang Ddnh kinh phi cho cac boat dgng ndy TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I].Nguyen Thanh Binh, Gido due mat sd ky ndng sdng cho hgc sinh THPT De tai cap Bp ma so 82005-75-126 [2] Gldo due the gldl dl vdo the ky XXI - Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia - Ha Npi - 2002 [3] Nguyen Thi Tinh, Gldo due ky ndng sdng cho hgc sinh lieu hgc thdng qua dgy hge mdn Dgo dice D I tai cdp Bd B2009-TN04-09 [4] Le Hdng Son (2006), Phdt Irlen ky ndng hugl dgng xd hgl eho sinh vien Trudng Dgt hgc Sit phgm - Dgi hgc Thdi ,\'guyen, Luan van thac sT, DHSP-DHTN [5] hup;// www.baomoi.coin/ Dao tao ky nang mem cho sinh vien/59/3963095.epi [6]./7//p://cafe.bea.vn/ca/archive/index.php/t2967.html [7].www.saga.vn/kynangquanly/ /16188.saga Ta Quang Thao Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81 (05): 27 - 32 SUMMARY DEVELOPING STUDENTS' SOFT SKILLS IN VOCATIONAL COLLEGES Ta Quang Thao" Vinh Phuc Technical Economic College A person's soft skill is an important part of their individual contribution to the success and development of an organization Besides professional knowledge and skills, soft skill is one of the factors that is highly appreciated by the employers in the process of selecting candidates In reality, many employers assumed that among graduated students, only 9% percent of them has good soft skills, 53% of them has average ones and other 38% has weak soft skills, ll is a current existent shortcoming that most colleges and universities mainly focus on developing hard skills for students and don't pay enough attention lo soft ones Therefore, in the period of integration, it's necessary lo have solutions for developing some essential soft skills for students in universities and colleges Key words: Skills, soft skills, students, training, equip, develop Tel.' 0912054246 Email: 32 tathao59iifgmail.com ... bgc sinh, sinh vien sau truang - Nghien cdu thuc trang ve trang bj KNM cho hgc sinh, sinh vien cac truang chuyen nghiep tren dja ban VTnh Phdc - Tien hanh khdo sat tai cdc truong Truong Cao ddng... bj KNM cho sinh vien cua giang vien, can bo quan ly tai cac trudng Cao dang KT - KT tren dja ban tinh VTnh Phiic Viic trang bi KNM cho sinh viin chuang trinh ddo tgo Kel qua lai bang 01 cho thay:... Truang cao ddng KT-KT VTnh Phdc cho rdng: "KNM la rat can thiet cho viec hinh thdnh phong each, 16i song cho nguoi hgc nhd truang vd tao dung hanh Irang sau truang, viec ddo tao KNM cho sinh vien