CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13 CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERBS) * PHẦN I LÝ THUYẾT A/ PHRASAL VERB (CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ) là gì? Phrasal verb (cụm động từ) là sự kết hợp của động từ và giới từ hoặc trạng từ (được gọi chung là tiểu t[.]
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13 CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERBS) * PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT A/ PHRASAL VERB (CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ) gì? - Phrasal verb (cụm động từ) kết hợp động từ giới từ trạng từ (được gọi chung tiểu từ - particle) Eg: V+ prep: look for, look like V+ adv: get away, take off V+ adv+ prep: catch up with B/ PHÂN LOẠI transitive PHRASA L VERBS Verbs + Particle + Object Transitive Verbs + Particle + Object (inseparable Phr Verbs) Verbs + + particle + Noun Noun Pronoun (on , off, up, down, in, out, away) Nội cụm động từ (Intransitive phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ không cần tân ngữ theo sau Dưới số nội cụm động từ thường gặp VERB MEANING EXAMPLE That old Jeep had a tendency to break down just when I break down hỏng, needed it the most phổ biến, thịnh Popular songs seem to catch on in California first and catch on hành then spread eastward Father promised that we would never come back to this come back trở về, trở lại horrible place They tried to come in through the back door, but it was come in vào, bước vào locked He was hit on the head very hard, but after several come to hồi tỉnh minutes, he started to come to again come over đến thăm The children promised to come over, but they never We used to just drop by, but they were never home, so drop by ghé thăm we stopped doing that eat out ăn nhà hàng When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the get by xoay sở (tài chính) get up dậy, trở dậy go back quay go on continue go on (2) happen grow up trưởng thành, lớn lên remain at a distance continue with the same sidewalk cafes Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but he always seemed to get by without borrowing money from relatives Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too low, and she couldn't make it on her own It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to Lithuania He would finish one Dickens novel and then just go on to the next The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see what was going on Charles grew up to be a lot like his father The judge warned the stalker to keep away from his victim's home keep on (with He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was gerund) ruined He had drunk too much; he passed out on the sidewalk pass out ngất, bất tỉnh outside the bar demonstrate Whenever he sat down at the piano, we knew he was show off haughtily going to show off Day after day, Efrain showed up for class twenty show up arrive minutes late wake up tỉnh giấc I woke up when the rooster crowed Ngoại cụm động từ (Transitive phrasal verbs) Ngoại cụm động từ cụm động từ cần có tân ngữ theo sau E.g We are looking for my key Remember to turn the lights off when going out Ngoại cụm động từ tách (Separable phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ mà tân ngữ theo sau tách cụm từ thành phần E.g You have to do this paint job over You have to over this paint job Nhưng tân ngữ cụm động từ đại từ cụm động từ thường phải tách làm E.g You have to do it over VERB MEANING EXAMPLE blow up explode The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad station keep away bring up mention a topic bring up call off over fill out fill up nuôi dưỡng cancel làm lại, ôn lại complete a form lấp đầy, điền đầy phát hiện, khám phá My mother brought up that little matter of my prison record again It isn't easy to bring up children nowadays They called off this afternoon's meeting Do this homework over Fill out this application form and mail it in She filled up the grocery cart with free food My sister found out that her husband had been planning a surprise party for her cho, phân phát The filling station was giving away free gas find out give away My brother borrowed my car I have a feeling he's not about to give it back hand in nộp, đệ trình The students handed in their papers and left the room hang up gác, treo, móc She hung up the phone before she up her clothes I hate to hold up the meeting, but I have to go to the hold up delay bathroom hold up Three masked gunmen held up the Security Bank this rob (2) afternoon You left out the part about the police chase down Asylum leave out omit Avenue The lawyers looked over the papers carefully before look over examine, check questioning the witness (They looked them over carefully.) look up search in a list You've misspelled this word again You'd better look itup She knew she was in trouble, so she made up a story about make up invent a story or lie going to the movies with her friends He was so far away, we really couldn't make out what he make out bịa (chuyện) was saying There were three men in the line-up She picked out the guy pick out nhặt ra, chọn she thought had stolen her purse The crane picked up the entire house (Watch pick up hái, lượm them pick itup.) As we drove through Paris, Francoise pointed out the major point out call attention to historical sites We put away money for our retirement She put away the put away save or store cereal boxes We asked the boss to put off the meeting until tomorrow put off postpone (Please put it off for another day.) put on mặc (quần áo), đội, I put on a sweater and a jacket (I put them on quickly.) give back trả lại đeo, … put out extinguish read over đọc lướt set up arrange, begin take down take off make a written note remove clothing talk over discuss throw away try on try out turn down turn down (2) turn up turn off turn off (2) The firefighters put out the house fire before it could spread (They put it out quickly.) I read over the homework, but couldn't make any sense of it My wife set up the living room exactly the way she wanted it She set it up These are your instructions. Write them down before you forget It was so hot that I had to take off my shirt We have serious problems here Let's talk them over like adults discard That's a lot of money! Don't just throw it away thử đồ thử nghiệm She tried on fifteen dresses before she found one she liked I tried out four cars before I could find one that pleased me lower volume Your radio is driving me crazy! Please turn it down reject raise the volume switch off electricity repulse He applied for a promotion twice this year, but he was turned down both times Grandpa couldn't hear, so he turned up his hearing aid We turned off the lights before anyone could see us It was a disgusting movie It really turned me off switch on the Turn on the CD player so we can dance electricity exhaust, use The gang members used up all the money and went out to use up completely rob some more banks 2.1 Ngoại cụm động từ tách (Separable phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ có phần tiểu từ khơng thể tách khỏi động từ gốc chứa nghĩa cụm động từ (verb-meaning) VERB MEANING EXAMPLE ask to recite in call on The teacher called on students in the back row class call on (2) Visit The old minister continued to call on his sick parishioners bình phục, khỏi I got over the flu, but I don't know if I'll ever get over my get over (bệnh) broken heart go over Review The students went over the material before the exam They turn on should have gone over it twice go They country went through most of its coal reserves in one year through use up; consume Did he go through all his money already? look after take care of My mother promised to look after my dog while I was gone look into Investigate The police will look into the possibilities of embezzlement run across tình cờ gặp I ran across my old roommate at the college reunion run into Meet Carlos ran into his English professor in the hallway Resemble (giống take after với) My second son seems to take after his mother wait on Serve It seemed strange to see my old boss wait on tables break in interrupt (a I was talking to Mom on the phone when the operator broke in on conversation) on our call catch up After our month-long trip, it was time to catch up with the with bắt kịp neighbors and the news around town check up examine, The boys promised to check up on the condition of the summer on investigate house from time to time Đóng góp (suggestion, After years of giving nothing, the old parishioner was able come up money) to come up with a thousand-dollar donation with Nghĩ We’ve come up with how to deal with the problem cut down We tried to cut down on the money we were spending on on cắt giảm entertainment drop out of leave school I hope none of my students drop out of school this semester get along have a good I found it very hard to get along with my brother when we were with relationship with young get away with trốn tội Janik cheated on the exam and then tried to get away with it The citizens tried to get rid of their corrupt mayor in the recent get rid of Eliminate election get through with Finish When will you ever get through with that program? keep up with theo kịp It's hard to keep up with the Joneses when you lose your job! look anticipate with forward to pleasure I always look forward to the beginning of a new semester look down on khinh thường It's typical of a jingoistic country that the citizens look down on their geographical neighbors We were going to look in on my brother-in-law, but he wasn't look in on visit (somebody) home look out be careful, Good instructors will look out for early signs of failure in their for anticipate students look up to Respect First-graders really look up to their teachers make sure Make sure of the student's identity before you let him into the of Verify classroom put up The teacher had to put up with a great deal of nonsense from the with Tolerate new students run out of dùng hết The runners ran out of energy before the end of the race take care be responsible My oldest sister took care of us younger children after Mom of for died talk back answer The star player talked back to the coach and was thrown off the to impolitely team think back on Recall I often think back on my childhood with great pleasure walk out on Abandon Her husband walked out on her and their three children CÁC CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERB) THƯỜNG GẶP (trong chương trình SGK phổ thơng) account for: giải thích, kể đến ask for: địi hỏi break down = fail , collapse: hỏng, suy sụp break out = start suddenly: bùng nổ, bùng phát bring up = raise and educate: nuôi nấng bring about = cause sth to happen: xảy ra, mang lại catch up / catch up with: bắt kịp , theo kịp call off : hủy bỏ call on = visit: viếng thăm 10.call up: gọi điện 11.carry on: tiến hành 12.carry out: tiến hành 13.catch up with: theo kịp với 14.come along: tiến hành 15.come on= begin: bắt đầu 16.come out = appear: xuất 17.come about = become lower: giảm xuống, sa sút 18.come over = visit: ghé thăm 19.come up with: think of : Nghĩ 20.come up: xảy 21.come up to: đuổi theo, bắt kịp 22.cool off : (nhiệt tình) nguội lạnh đi, giảm 23 count on = investigate, examinate: tính, dựa vào 24 differ from = not be the same: không giống với 25 fall behind: thụt lùi, tụt lại đằng sau 26 fill in : điền vào, ghi vào 27 fill out = discover: khám phá 28 get over = recover from: vượt qua, khắc phục 29 get up: thức dậy 30 get along / get on with sth: have a good relationship with sb: hòa thuận 31 give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua 32 give up = stop: từ bỏ , bỏ 33 go after: theo đuổi 34 go by (thời gian : trôi qua 35 go after = chase, pursue: theo đuổi, rượt đuổi 36.go ahead = be carried out: diễn ra, tiến hành 37.go along = develop, progress: tiến 38.go away: biến mất, tan 39.go back = return: trở lại 40.go in: vào, vào 41.go off (chuông ): reo, (súng, bom ): nổ, (sữa): chua, hỏng, (thức ăn), (đèn) tắt, (máy móc): hư 42.go on = continue: tiếp tục 43.go over: xem lại 44.go out (ánh sáng, lửa, đèn): tắt 45.go up: lớn lên, trưởng thành = grow up, (giá cả): tăng lên 46.go down: (giá cả): giảm xuống 47.help sb with st: giúp làm 48.hold up = stop =delay: hỗn lại, ngừng 49.hurry up: làm gấp 50.keep on = continue: tiếp tục 51.keep up with: theo kịp , bắt kịp 52.Keep st to oneself: giữ bí mật 53.lay down: đề 54.let down: khiến thất vọng 55.lie down: nằm nghỉ 56 jot down = make a quick note of something: ghi nhanh 57.look after: chăm sóc 58.look at: nhìn 59 look down on sb = coi thường 60 look up to sb = respect: kính trọng 61.look up: tìm , tra cứu ( sách , từ điển ) 62 look for: tìm kiếm 63 make out = understand: hiểu 64.make up = invent , put sth together: phát minh, trộn 65 pass away = die: chết 66 put on: mặc (quần áo) , mang (giày) , đội (mũ) , mở (đèn) 67 put out = make st stop burning , produce: dập tắt , sản xuất 68 put off = postpone : hoãn lại 69 put up = build : xây dựng 70.result in = lead to = cause: gây 71 speak up : nói to , nói thẳng 72 set off = begin : khỏi hành 73 set up = establish : thành lập 74.set out/ set off: khởi hành 75 stand by : ủng hộ 76 stand for: viết tắt của… 77 take after = resemble : giống 78 take off : cởi (quần áo, giày, mũ ); (máy bay) cất cánh 79 take over = take responsible for st /V-ing:đảm nhận trách nhiệm 80 take up = start doing: bắt đầu tham gia 81 try out: thử 82 try on: mặc thử (quần áo) 83 turn down: gạt bỏ, bác bỏ 84 turn off : khóa , tắt (đèn, máy móc, động …) 85 turn on : mở (đèn, máy móc, động …) 86 turn round : quay lại, thay đổi hướng 87 turn up : đến = arrive = appear (xuất hiện) 88 wait up (for): thức đợi 89.wash away: trôi đi, quét 90 wash up : rửa bát đĩa 91 watch out : đề phòng, ý 92.Wear out: kiệt sức 93 wipe out = remove, destroy completely : xóa bỏ, phá hủy 94.Come up to: đuổi theo 95.Help sb with st: giúp làm * PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG What may happen if John will not arrive in time? A go along B count on C keep away D turn up Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside A calls on B keeps off C takes in D goes up They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic A take up B turn round C put off D with The stranger came ……… me and asked, "Is there a post office near here?" A on to B away from C out of D up to Frankly speaking, your daughter does not take ………… you at all A after B along C up D over She is not really friendly She does not get on well her classmates A from B with C for D to I would be grateful if you kept the news ……….yourself Do not tell anyone about it A from B to C for D at I not use those things any more You can ………… them away A get B fall C throw D make They were late for work because their car ………… down A got B put C cut D broke 10.The authority ………… down that building to build a supermarket A knocked B came C went D fell 11.I didn't get to see the end of that movie on TV last night How did it ………….out? A go B make C bring D turn 12.I’m not surprised Margaret's ill With all the voluntary work she's _ , she’s really been doing too much A taken off B taken on C taken in D taken to 13.At present we are an anti-drug campaign A setting up for B carrying out C taking part D joining with 14.At the station, we often see the sigh “………… for pickpockets” A Watch on B Watch out C Watch up D Watch at 15.Let’s wait here for her; I’m sure she’ll ………………… A turn down B turn off C turn over D turn up 16.UNESCO………….United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization A stands for B brings about C takes after D gets across 17.Don't forget to …………….your gloves on It is cold outside A let B make C put D fix 18.The passengers had to wait because the plane……………off one hour late A took B turned C cut D made 19.Be careful! The tree is going to fall A Look out B Look up C Look on D Look after 20.The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt A put on B went off C got out D kept up 21.These shoes felt too tight, so I took……………and tried a larger size A away them B off them C them away D them off 22.My father still hasn’t really recovered from the death of my mother A went over B got over C took over D looked over 23.I can’t …………… walking Can we stop and have a short rest? A go on B get on C go up D get up 24.When you are finished using the computer, can you please ………… it off A take B turn C D go 25.When the alarm went off, everyone proceeded calmly to the emergency exits A fell B exploded C called D rang 26.Look out There is a rattlesnake under the picnic table! A Listen B Be careful C Go D Watch 27.Mrs Jones's husband passed away fast Friday We’re all shocked by the news A got married B divorced C died D were on business 28.If you want to be healthy you should ………….your bad habits in your lifestyles A give up B call off C break down D get over 29.Watch ………… ! a car is coming A out B up C away D off 30.Try to study harder to catch …………….your classmates A up B up with C out D with 31.Don’t be impatient! I’m sure he will turn …………on time A up B round C on D off 33 Go _ this book because it has the information you need A over B by C off D on 34.My husband spends far more time helping our three kids homework and studying for tests than I A on B to C with D in 35.My husband and I take turns cleaning the kitchen depending who gets home from work earlier A away / to B from / in C up / on D with / for 36.The efforts for the advancement of women have resulted several respectively achievement in women's life and work A at B with C for D in 37.The small white flowers are my favorite They give off a wonderful honey smell that scents the entire garden A release B stop C end D melt 38.I couldn't make out what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent A stand B understand C write D interrupt 39.I'm sorry I didn't mean to interrupt you Please, go on and finish what you were saying A talk B quit C continue D stop 40.The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it A blowing B watering C preventing D Watching 41 What does "www" for? Is it short for “world wide web?” A sit B stand C lie D point 42.If you not understand the word "superstitious," look it up in the dictionary A find its meaning B write it C draw it D note it 45 Not all women can two jobs well at the same time: rearing children and working at office A educating B taking care of C homemaking D giving a birth 46 The driver skidded and ….a dog A ran B ran into C ran after D ran over 47 Aren’t you going to …the dress…before you buy it? A try/ X B try/ up C try/ on D try /in 48 I’m sorry, sir But you’ve already worn this dress That’s why we can’t…it… A take/ back B take /after C take/ in D take/ again 49 Are you telling the truth? Or are you ………… the story A making B making up C making for D doing 50 It took women a long time to struggle the right to vote A for B with C against D upon 51 Women are increasingly involved the public life A of B in C with D from 52 Although the team was both mentally and physically exhausted, they on walking A stopped B kept C took D put 53 If you don't pay your rent, your landlord is going to kick you out! A lend you some money B play football with you C give you a kick D force you to leave 54 Everything is _ you I cannot make _ my mind yet A out off / on B up to / up C away from / for D on for / off 55 There is no food left Someone must have eaten it _ A out B up C off D along 56 The explorers made a fire to _ off wild animals A get B keep C take D go 57 If something urgent has _ up, phone me immediately and I will help you A picked B come C kept D brought 58 The organization was established in 950 in the USA A come around B set up C made out D put on 59 Within their home country, National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies assume the duties and responsibilities of a national relief society A take on B get off C go about D put in 60 It took me a very long time to recover from the shock of her death A turn off B take on C get over D keep up with 61 He did not particularly want to play any competitive sport A use up B with C take up D go on 62 I am tired because I went to bed late last night A stayed up B kept off C put out D brought up 63 If I get this report finished I will knock _ early and go to the pub for some drink A up B over C on D off 64 Boy! _ away all your toys and go to bed right now A Come B Lie C Put D Sit 65 I have been trying to ring him up all day and I could not through A get B take C look D hang 66 The water supply of the building was off because the pipes burst A handed B held C cut D paid 67 Did your son pass the university entrance examination? A make up B get along C go up D get through 74 I cannot believe Peter and Mary up last week They have been married for almost fifteen years I hope they get back together A went B gave C looked D broke 75 It took us over twelve hours to hike over the mountain By the time we got back to our campsite, I was completely out A worn B went C put D knocked 76 The meeting didn’t …………… until late A end up B break up C come about D fall through 77 The hotel didn’t …………… my expectations A come up to B add up to C get up to D come down to 78 You should always have an alternative plan to …………… A bring about B ask after C feel up to D fall back on 79 When I took I got over the business, I got more than I …………… A ask after B bargained for C drew up D came in for 80 At first Tim insisted he was right, but then began to ………… A back down B follow up C drop off D break up VERB break down catch on come back come in come to come over drop by eat out get by get up go back go on go on (2) grow up keep away keep on (with gerund) pass out show off show up MEAN ING EXAMPLE That old Jeep had a tendency to break down just when I needed it the most Popular songs seem to catch on in California first and then spread eastward Father promised that we would never come back to this horrible place They tried to come in through the back door, but it was locked He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started to come to again The children promised to come over, but they never We used to just drop by, but they were never home, so we stopped doing that When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the sidewalk cafes Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but he always seemed to get by without borrowing money from relatives Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too low, and she couldn't make it on her own It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to Lithuania He would finish one Dickens novel and then just go on to the next The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see what was going on Charles grew up to be a lot like his father The judge warned the stalker to keep away from his victim's home He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was ruined He had drunk too much; he passed out on the sidewalk outside the bar Whenever he sat down at the piano, we knew he was going to show off Day after day, Efrain showed up for class twenty minutes wake up VERB blow up bring up bring up call off over fill out fill up find out give away give back hand in hang up hold up hold up (2) leave out look over look up make up make out pick out pick up point out late I woke up when the rooster crowed EXAMPLE The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad station My mother brought up that little matter of my prison record again It isn't easy to bring up children nowadays They called off this afternoon's meeting Do this homework over Fill out this application form and mail it in She filled up the grocery cart with free food My sister found out that her husband had been planning a surprise party for her The filling station was giving away free gas My brother borrowed my car I have a feeling he's not about to give it back The students handed in their papers and left the room She hung up the phone before she up her clothes I hate to hold up the meeting, but I have to go to the bathroom Three masked gunmen held up the Security Bank this afternoon You left out the part about the police chase down Asylum Avenue The lawyers looked over the papers carefully before questioning the witness (They looked them over carefully.) You've misspelled this word again You'd better look itup She knew she was in trouble, so she made up a story about going to the movies with her friends He was so far away, we really couldn't make out what he was saying There were three men in the line-up She picked out the guy she thought had stolen her purse The crane picked up the entire house (Watch them pick itup.) As we drove through Paris, Francoise pointed out the major historical sites put away put off put on put out read over set up take down take off talk over throw away try on try out turn down turn down (2) turn up turn off turn off (2) turn on use up VERB call on call on (2) get over go over We put away money for our retirement She put away the cereal boxes We asked the boss to put off the meeting until tomorrow (Please put it off for another day.) I put on a sweater and a jacket (I put them on quickly.) The firefighters put out the house fire before it could spread (They put it out quickly.) I read over the homework, but couldn't make any sense of it My wife set up the living room exactly the way she wanted it She set it up These are your instructions. Write them down before you forget It was so hot that I had to take off my shirt We have serious problems here Let's talk them over like adults That's a lot of money! Don't just throw it away She tried on fifteen dresses before she found one she liked I tried out four cars before I could find one that pleased me Your radio is driving me crazy! Please turn it down He applied for a promotion twice this year, but he was turned down both times Grandpa couldn't hear, so he turned up his hearing aid We turned off the lights before anyone could see us It was a disgusting movie It really turned me off Turn on the CD player so we can dance The gang members used up all the money and went out to rob some more banks EXAMPLE The teacher called on students in the back row The old minister continued to call on his sick parishioners I got over the flu, but I don't know if I'll ever get over my broken heart The students went over the material before the exam They should have gone over it twice go through look after look into run across run into take after wait on break in on catch up with check up on come up with cut down on drop out of get along with get away with get rid of get through with keep up with look forward to They country went through most of its coal reserves in one year Did he go through all his money already? My mother promised to look after my dog while I was gone The police will look into the possibilities of embezzlement I ran across my old roommate at the college reunion Carlos ran into his English professor in the hallway My second son seems to take after his mother It seemed strange to see my old boss wait on tables I was talking to Mom on the phone when the operator broke in on our call After our month-long trip, it was time to catch up with the neighbors and the news around town The boys promised to check up on the condition of the summer house from time to time After years of giving nothing, the old parishioner was able to come up with a thousand-dollar donation We’ve come up with how to deal with the problem We tried to cut down on the money we were spending on entertainment I hope none of my students drop out of school this semester I found it very hard to get along with my brother when we were young Janik cheated on the exam and then tried to get away with it The citizens tried to get rid of their corrupt mayor in the recent election When will you ever get through with that program? It's hard to keep up with the Joneses when you lose your job! I always look forward to the beginning of a new semester look down on look in on look out for look up to make sure of put up with run out of take care of talk back to think back on walk out on It's typical of a jingoistic country that the citizens look down on their geographical neighbors We were going to look in on my brother-in-law, but he wasn't home Good instructors will look out for early signs of failure in their students First-graders really look up to their teachers Make sure of the student's identity before you let him into the classroom The teacher had to put up with a great deal of nonsense from the new students The runners ran out of energy before the end of the race My oldest sister took care of us younger children after Mom died The star player talked back to the coach and was thrown off the team I often think back on my childhood with great pleasure Her husband walked out on her and their three children ... (Transitive phrasal verbs) Ngoại cụm động từ cụm động từ cần có tân ngữ theo sau E.g We are looking for my key Remember to turn the lights off when going out Ngoại cụm động từ tách (Separable phrasal verbs) ... and went out to use up completely rob some more banks 2.1 Ngoại cụm động từ tách (Separable phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ có phần tiểu từ khơng thể tách khỏi động từ gốc chứa nghĩa cụm động từ... pleasure walk out on Abandon Her husband walked out on her and their three children CÁC CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERB) THƯỜNG GẶP (trong chương trình SGK phổ thơng) account for: giải thích, kể đến ask