CHUYÊN đề 8 COMPARISON HANDOUT

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 8 COMPARISON * PHẦN I LÝ THUYẾT Adj long adj / short adj Adv long adv / short adv Note Nếu dùng động từ To be hoặc V nối thì trong câu sẽ dùng so sánh với tính từ, còn nếu dùng V thường thì[.]

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 8: COMPARISON * PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT Adj : - long adj / short adj Adv : - long adv / short adv Note: -Nếu dùng động từ To be V nối câu dùng so sánh với tính từ, cịn dùng V thường câu dùng so sánh với trạng từ -Nếu động từ trước sau “than/as” giống động từ sau “than/as” ta thay trợ động từ, ta bỏ động từ sau “than/as” I earn less than he does (less than he earns) I swim better than he does/better than him -Trong văn nói tiếng anh khơng trang trọng bỏ động từ sau “than/as”, dùng đại từ tân ngữ He has more time than I have He has more time than I He has more time than me -So sánh ngang so sánh dùng so sánh người vật, so sánh từ người vật trở lên ta dùng so sánh A So sánh ngang ( Equal Comparison) S + “be/Vnối” + as + adj + as + N ( Pronoun) + (Verb) Ex - Peter is as tall as his father - Mary is as beautiful as her friend S + V thường + as + adv + as + N (Pronoun) + (Verb) Ex - Jane sings as well as his sister Note: - Sau “as” thứ hai thiết phải đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ (được dùng tân ngữ chủ yếu văn nói.) - Nếu câu phủ định (so sánh khơng bằng), “as” thứ thay “so” Ex: His work is not so difficult as mine - Danh từ dùng so sánh trường hợp đảm bảo danh từ phải có tính từ tương ứng Chú ý tính từ sau danh từ tương ứng chúng Adj N - heavy, light ® weight - wide, narrow ® width - deep, shallow ® depth - long, short ® length - big, small ® size - old ® age - Danh từ dùng để so sánh, trước so sánh cần xác định danh từ đếm không đếm sử dụng công thức so sánh sau: N đếm : Ex : book , pen, table N không đếm : money water, salt many/ few N đếm số nhiều S + V + as + + + as + noun/pronoun much/little N không đếm Ex: David earns as much money as his wife * Ý “bằng nhau, nhau” diễn đạt cách khác: S+ V + the same + (N) + as + N (pronoun) Ex - My house is as high as his ® My house is the same height as his -Tom is as old as Mary ® Tom and Mary are the same age Note : -Đối nghĩa the same .as difference from Ex : My teacher is different from yours -Chúng ta dùng “ the same as” không dùng “ the same like” B So sánh ( Comparative) So sánh ( Comparative) S + be/ Vnối short Adj +er + than + N ( pronoun) more + long Adj Ex -Today is hotter than yesterday -This chair is more comfortable than the other S+V + short Adv +er + than + N ( pronoun) more + long Adv Ex - He speaks English better than me - My father sings more beautifully than my brother * Để nhấn mạnh so sánh, thêm much/far trước  so sánh, cơng thức: S + V + far/much + Adj/Adv +er + than + noun/pronoun S + V + far/much + more + Adj/Adv + than + noun/pronoun Eg : Harry’s watch is far more expensive than mine He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish Note: - Adj ngắn âm tiết + er/ est : Ex Thick ® thicker / thickest , cold ® colder/ coldest … + Với tính từ âm tiết có câu tạo: phụ âm + ngun âm + phụ âm ta gấp đơi phụ âm cuối thêm er/ est : Ex Hot ® hotter/ hottest , big ® bigger// biggest + Với tính từ tận nguyên âm + y ta giữ nguyên thêm er / est Ex: gay ® gayer / gayest gray ® grayer / grayset + Với tính từ âm tiết có tận đi: –y, -er, -ow ,-le: ta thêm er / est : Ex dirty ® Dirtier simple ® simpler clever ® cleverer narrow ® narrower + Với tính từ tận phụ âm + y , ta đổi y = i + er /est Eg : happy ® happier easy ® easier + Cịn lại tính từ âm tiết khác ta thêm more đằng trước tính từ - Với tính từ âm tiết trở lên ta thêm more đằng trước: Ex beautiful ® more beautiful intelligent ® more intelligent interesting® more interesting C So sánh ( Superlative ) So sánh bắt buộc phải có từ đối tượng trở lên ( thường N tập hợp ) S + V + the + short adj/ adv +est +( N )+ ( in/ of ) + N most + long adj/ adv Ex : Lan is the most beautiful in my class Note: -Dùng in với danh từ số Dùng of với danh từ số nhiều Ex.This dress is the most beautiful of the dresses -Các quy tắc khác giống dạng so sánh Ex Hottest, biggest Ex John is the tallest boy in my class -Các trường hợp adj/ adv biến đổi đặc biệt +Một số adj đồng thời adv: Early, hard, fast, long -Nếu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ thường ta dùng với hoàn thành Ex It/This is the best beer (that) I have ever drunk It/This was the worst film (that) he had ever seen He is the kindest man (that) I have ever met It was the most worrying day (that) he had ever spent D So sánh 1.So sánh hơn: S + V +  less + adj/adv + than + noun/ pronoun       Ex -Nga is less young than I -My brother runs less fast than I 2.So sánh nhất: S + V + the + least + adj/ adv +( N ) + ( in/ of ) + N Ex - These shoes are the least expensive of all 3.So sánh lũy tiến ngày S+ V+ less and less + long/short adj/ adv She becomes less and less beautiful E So sánh kép ( Double Comparative ) a) So sánh đồng tiến: ( càng……thì càng) The+ comparative + S + V +(O), the + comparative + S + V +(O) Ex The hotter it is, the more terrible I feel The sooner you leaver, the earlier you will arrive at your destination The more you study, the smarter you will become b) So sánh lũy tiến: ( ngày càng… ) - Tính từ trạng từ dài: S+ V+ more+ and +more + long adj/ adv Ex She becomes more and more beautiful ( Cô ngày xinh.) - Tính từ trạng từ ngắn: S + V + short adj/ adv + er and + short adj/ adv + er Ex Lan is younger and younger ( Lan ngày trẻ ) Note : Một số adj không dùng để so sánh adj tính chất , đơn , kích thước , hình học ( mang tính qui tắc ) Eg : only , unique , square, round, perfect, extreme, just COMPARISON CHART ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE One syllable adjective: Older, faster, cleaner, The oldest, the fastest, the old, fast, clean, long longer cleanest, the longest One syllable adjectives Wider, nicer The widest, the nicest ending in –e: wide, nice Two syllable adjectives Dirtier, simpler, The dirtiest, the simplest, ending in –y, -er, -ow ,-le: dirty, simple, clever, narrow Other adjectives with two or more syllables: honest, modern, comfortable Irregular adjectives: good, bad, far, old cleverer, narrower the cleverest, the narrowest More honest, more The most honest, the most modern, more modern, the most comfortable comfortable Better, worse, The best, the worst, the farther/further, farthest/the furthest, the older/elder(only with oldest/the eldest (only with family members) family members) * PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG I Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentence 1.Ms Jones isn’t as nice …… Ms Smith A as B for C like D to The rooms in Graduate Towers are……… Patterson Hall A larger than B larger than that of C larger than those in D larger than in Although she is very popular, she is not……her sister A pretty as B as pretty C prettier than D most pretty than Tuition at an American university runs…… Six thousand dollars a semester A so high as B as high to C as high as D as high than Everyone looks much……… today than they did yesterday A happy B happily C more happily D happier Mr Brown receives a …… salary than anyone else in the company A big B more bigger C bigger D the bigger The Boeing 747 is twice…… the Boeing 707 A bigger than B as bigger as C as big as D more bigger than “Do you know that beautiful lady over there?” “ Yes, that’s Wanida She’s………… in her group.” A more beautiful than any girl B more beautiful than any other girl C so beautiful as other girl D beautiful more than another girl My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was…… my mother A more big than B so big than C as big as D too big than 10 He is not…… tall as his father A the B as C than D more 11 John’s grade…… than his sister’s A higher B more high more higher D the highest 12 Diana is the…… of the three sisters A more short B shorter C shortest D more shortest 13 She speaks English as……….as her friend does A good B well C better D the best 14 Of three shirts, this one is the………… A prettier B more prettiest C prettiest D most pretty 15 The baby’s illness is……… than we thought at first A bad B worst C worse D badly 16 Today is the……… day of the month A hot B hotter C hottest than D hottest 17 He works more ……… than I A slow B slowly C most slowly D slowest 18 My book is as……….as yours A good B well C better D the best 19 I love you……….than I can say A much B many C more D the most 20 It’s………….to go by bus than by car A cheaper B cheapest C more cheap D more cheaper 21 That house is ………one on the street A oldest B the oldest C old D older 22 This hotel must be……… than the small one next door A expensive B more expensive C the most expensive D the more expensive 23 An orange is ……… than a plum A more large B more larger C larger D the largest 24 What is the……….thing you have done ever done? A more difficult B most difficult C difficulty D difficult than 25 This river is……… than that river A narrow B narrowest C narrower D most narrow 26 The test is not………difficult……….it was last month A as/ as B so/ as C more/ as D A and B 27 Peter usually drives……… Mary A more fast B more fast than C faster than D B and C 28 My brother sang….of all the pupils of the group A more beautifully B the most beautifully C less beautifully D most beautifully 29 At 3,810 meters above sea level in Bolivia stands Lake Titica, ………in the world A the highest large lake B largest high lake C high largest D the high largest lake 30 The hotel was…….any one we had stayed at before A more expensive than B more expensive as C most expensive than D better expensive than 31 A: It’s a long way from Britian, isn’t it? B: Yes, but it isn’t as……….as Hong Kong A far B farther C farthest D further 32 Of the four dresses, which is ……………… expensive? A the best B the most C the more D the greater 33 The larger the apartment, the the rent A expensive B more expensive C expensively D most expensive 34 The faster we walk,………… we will get there A the soonest B the soon C the more soon D the sooner 36 “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were ……….… I could find ” A cheapest B cheapest ones C the cheapest ones D the most cheapest 37 She plays the piano …………… as she sings A as beautifully B more beautifully C as beautiful D the most beautifully 38 The streets are getting more and …………… these days A crowded B less crowded C more crowded D most crowded 39 The larger the city, …………… the crime rate A highest B higher C the highest D the higher 40 You must explain your problems ………… A as clear as you can B as clearly as you can C as clear than you are D as clearly as you are 41 Pil is ……………… person we know A the happier B the happiest C happier D happiest 42 Which woman are you going to vote for? – I ’m not sure Everyone says that Joan is………… A smarter B the smarter C more smarter D more smart 43 Bill is ……………… A lazier and lazier B more and more lazy C lazier and more lazy D more lazy and lazier 44 It’s too noisy here Can we go somewhere …………………? A noisier B more quiet C more noisy D quieter 45 ……………… the time passes, …………….I feel ! The deadline of my thesis is coming, but I have just finished half of it A The faster / the nervous B The more fast / the nervous C The fast / the more nervous D The faster / the more nervous 46 China is the country with………………… population A the larger B the more large C the largest D the most large 47 She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting…………….Finally she exploded A more and more angry B the most angry C the more angryD angrier and angrier 48 For ……………… , it is certain that in the future some things will be very different A the better or the worse B the good or the bad C good or bad D better or worse 49 Her grandfather’s illness was………………… we thought at first A more seriously as B as seriously as C more serious than D as serious than 50 My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed………… usual A more early than B as early as C more earlier as D earlier than 51. _ you study for these exams, _ you will A The harder / the better B The more / the much C The hardest / the best D The more hard / the more good 52 His house is _ mine A twice as big as B as twice big as C as two times big as D as big as twice 53 A: It’s hot there, isn’t it? B: It’s very……… during the day A hot B hotter C hottest D hotter than 54 ……….apples are grown in Washington State A Best B The most good C The best D The better 55 The test becomes……….and………… A hard/ hard B difficult/ difficult C harder/ harder D difficulty/ difficulty 56 His health is getting……….and…………… A good/ good B better/ better C bad/ bad D well/ well 57 The more paper we save,…………preserved A more is wood pulp B the more wood pulp is C wood pulp is D the much wood pulp is 58 The more polluted air we breathe,…….we get A the more weaker B the more weak C the weaker D weaker more 59 The more we study, the……we are A more good B better C better than D good 60 The more I tried my best to help her, ……….she became A less lazy B the lazier C the more lazy D lazier 61 The weather becomes……………… A colder with colder B colder and colder C colder and more colder D more and more cold 62 The more he slept,…………….irritable he became A the most B the vey more C much more D the more 63 ……… he worked, the more he earned A The more hard B The hard C The harder D The hardest 64 ………I get to know Jim, the more I like him A For more B More C The more D The most 65 The competition makes the price of goods……… A most cheap and cheap B cheaper and cheaper C more cheap and more cheap D cheaper and more cheaper 66 That factory is producing…….pollution A more and more B better and better C less and least D more and less 67 The ………I read about history, the…… it makes me realize how relevant history is for us today A more/ better B better/ better C more/ more D better/ more 68 The less we study, the……… we are A worse B bad C well D good 69 ……….the match was, the more spectators it attracted A The most interesting B The best interesting C The more interesting D The interesting 70 The more running water you use,…………… A your bill will be higher B will be higher your bill C the higher your bill will be D the highest your bill will be 71.……………you study for these exams, ……… you will A The harder/ the better B The more / the much C The hardest / the best D The more hard / the more good 72 My neighbour is driving me mad! It seems that………….it is at night , ……………he plays his music! A the less / the more loud B the less / less B the more late / the more loudlier D the later / the louder 73 Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become………… A more and more good B better and better C the more and more good D gooder and gooder 74.The Sears Tower is………… building in Chicago A taller B the more tall C the tallest D taller and taller 75 Peter is……………John A younger and more intelligent than B more young and intelligent than C more intelligent and younger than D the more intelligent and younger than 76.Robert does not have………….Peter does A money more than B as many money as C more money as D.as much money as 77 It gets………… when the winter is coming A cold and cold B the coldest and coldest C colder and colder D more and more cold 78 French is a…………language to learn than English is A difficult B more difficult C most difficult D more and more difficult 79.A car is……………….than a motorbike A cheap B cheaper C expensive D more expensive 80 Thanks to the great effort of doctors and nurses, her health is getting…………… A worse B better C worse and worse D better and better II Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting Richard feels good than several days ago Mary and Daisy are both intelligent students Mary is so intelligent as Daisy I found the conversation as most interesting and I was glad to practice my English The Caspian Sea, a salt lake, is the largest than any other lakes in the world He drives the car more dangerous than his brother does It was the most biggest building that I had ever seen I wish my house were so large as Jone’s The Mekong is one of the longer rivers in the world 9 She can play the piano more good than her sister 10 Many people believe that New York is the most great city in America 11 Jessica is only an amateur, but she sings well than most professionals 12 This house is more spacious as that white house I bought in Rapid City, South Dakota last year 13 Lan is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play 14 This telephone isn’t as cheap the other one, but it work much better 15 Stories are the most good way of teaching moral lessons to young people 16 The fastest you drive, the greater you get 17 This exercise is much more easier than the others 18 London is much more exciting as I expected 19 The large the room is, the more people can sit in it 20 The suitcase seemed to get heavy and heavier as I carried it along the road III Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given: They understand more than we A We don’t understand as much as they B.We don’t understand anything at all C They understand everything inside out D They are very intelligent It is much more difficult to speak English than to speak French A To speak French is more difficult than to speak English B To speak English is more difficult than to speak French C Speaking English is more difficult than to speak French D Speaking French is not as difficult as to speaking English My interview lasted longer than yours A Your interview wasn’t as short as mine B Your interview was shorter than mine C Your interview was as long as mine D Your interview was longer than mine When I was younger, I used to go climbing more than I now A Now I don’t go climbing anymore B I used to go climbing when I younger C Now I don’t go climbing as much as I did D I don’t like going climbing any more Your coffee is not as good as mine A Mine is better than yours B My coffee is better than your C My coffee is better than yours D My coffee is more good than yours I can’t cook as well as my mother does A My mother can cook better than I can B My mother can’t cook better than I can C My mother can cook well than I can D I can cook better than my mother can Murder is the most serious of all crimes A Murder is very serious B No crime is more serious than murder C Everyone is very afraid of murder D Murder is the dangerous crime No one in this class as tall as peter A Peter is taller than in this class B Peter is the tallest in this class C Peter is the most tall in this class D Peter is more tall than in this class This is the best music I have ever heard A I’ve never heard better music than this B I‘ve ever heard such a good music as this C I‘ve ever heard so good music as this D This is the first time I‘ve heard this good music 10 This is the most interesting novel I’ve ever read A Knowing that the novel will be interesting, I read it B If only I had known the novel was so interesting, I’d have read it earlier C I don’t think it is the most interesting novel D I have never read a more interesting novel than this  ... than C faster than D B and C 28 My brother sang….of all the pupils of the group A more beautifully B the most beautifully C less beautifully D most beautifully 29 At 3 ,81 0 meters above sea level... thước , hình học ( mang tính qui tắc ) Eg : only , unique , square, round, perfect, extreme, just COMPARISON CHART ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE One syllable adjective: Older, faster, cleaner,... hotter C hottest than D hottest 17 He works more ……… than I A slow B slowly C most slowly D slowest 18 My book is as……….as yours A good B well C better D the best 19 I love you……….than I can say A