THEORY FOR THE SECOND TERM EXAMINATION I VERB FORM 1 V0 + Sau khiếm khuyết ( can, must, could , should , may ) + Sau 1 số động từ let , make , see, watch, observe, notice, hear + O +V0 + Sau giả định[.]
THEORY FOR THE SECOND TERM EXAMINATION I VERB- FORM: V0: + Sau khiếm khuyết ( can, must, could , should , may … ) + Sau số động từ :: let , make , see, watch, observe, notice, hear + O +V0 + Sau giả định ( subjunctive ) : S + giả định + that + S + V0( chủ động) / be V3/ed ( bị động) + Sau từ mục đích : in order to / so as to / to + V0 */ Chú ý : Có dạng giả định: Dạng : S+V( advise , ask, command , demand, ,desire , insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest , urge, move ) + that +S+ V0 ( chủ động ) be V3/ed ( bị động) Dạng 2: S + be + adj ( necessary, essential, crucial , vital , important, imperative, recommended, urgent, best + that +S+ V0 ( chủ động ) be V3/ed ( bị động) she can ( play ) ………………………….sports I saw Tom ( stand ) …………… in front of my house yesterday Tom’s father insists that he ( find ) ………a job and settle down in a big city The government demanded that rural people (allow ) ………… ….to live and look for jobs in big cities It is important that the government (encourage )………… More investment in rural areas She learns hard in order to ( pass ) the exam V-ING: a Sau số động từ : enjoy , mind , suggest, finish , avoid , admit , deny , postpone , delay , practise , like , dislike , go , consider , appreciate,finish , detest, , miss, risk , feel like , give up , be busy + V-ING b Sau số cụm từ : can’t help , can’t bear , can’t stand , It’s worth , it’s (no) use/ good , look forward to + , object to , get/ be used to + V_ING c Sau giới từ : on , in , of , after, before, without , for , from ,… + V-ING Ex: My friends suggests ( have )……………………a picnic I look forward to (see) ……………………… my parents My sister is fond of ( plant ) …………………………many types of different flowers It’s worth ( buy ) …………………………a new car My father gets used to ………………….up earrly TO V0: a Reduce relative clauses ( Rút gọn mệnh đề liên hệ ) + Có STT ( first, second, third, fourth,…, last, only, so sánh : to V0 ( chủ động to be V3/ed ( bị động) + Khơng có STT : V-ing ( chủ động) V3/ed ( bị động) b Theo sau số cấu trúc: + S / It + be + adj + ( for ) + S+ be/V + too + adj/ adv + ( for 0) + S + be/ V + adj/ adv + enough + ( for ) + to V0 c Sau tất từ để hỏi: S + V + What / where / how/ how many + to V0 d Sau số động từ : */ S + V (Agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, be determined, fail, offer , forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer expect, want, mean, ) + to V0 */ S + V (, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, see, train, teach how, urge, warn, tempt, ) Một số trường hợp đặc biệt : a Get / have : + S + have / get + 0( vật ) + V3/ed… + S + get + ( người ) + to V0… + S + have + ( người ) + V0… + + to V0 Ex: I got Tom ( repair ) …… .……… my bike yesterday Mary had Jimmy ( repair) …………….the fence that fell over in the garden My friend will have her hair ( cut) ……………… I will get the smartphone ( update )………… b need: + S ( vật ) + need + V-ing / to be V3/ed ( bị động ) + S ( người ) + need + to V0 ( chủ động ) Ex: The class needs ( sweep) ………………………everyday Mary needs ( buy ) ………………… a new house c Allow / permit / advise / recommend: + S + allow / permit + + to V0 + S + allow / permit + V-ing… + S + be + allowed / permitted + to V0 Ex: My parents allow me ( go ) …………………out with my friends at the weekend I am allowed ( use) ………………the smartphone when I finish my homework Her husband doesn’t allow anyone ( smoke ) ……………………in the house Her husband doesn’t allow ( smoke) ………………………in the house They don't allow ( park) here He advised ( apply) at once d remember/ forget : nhớ / quên + S + remember/ forget + to V0 : thói quen, việc chưa xảy + S + remember / forget + V-ing: Chỉ việc xảy rồi/ làm Ex: you remember ( turn) ……………….off the lights before you go to bed She usually forgets ( park) …………………….her car in the garage You remember ( send) ………………… this letter to Tom tomorrow I remember ( meet) …………………………Mai at the party I forgot ( lock) ………………… the windows in the class yesterday e Try : cố gắng / thử + S + try + to V0 : cố gắng để làm + S + try + V-ing : Thử làm Ex: We try ( learn) ……………………….hard to pass the next exam This lock is old We try ( pour ) ………………… some oil into it f Stop : ngừng + S + stop + to V0: ngừng để làm khác + S + stop + V-ing: ngừng làm việc Ex: We stopped ( have ) ……………………… breakfast My father stopped ( smoke ) ……………………three years ago g Regret : hối hận / thông báo + S + regret + to V0: hối hận / hối tiếc việc làm + S + regret + V-ing: thơng báo / báo tin cho Ex: I regret (buy ) …………………………this old car I regret ( inform ) …………………………… your bad marks h Một số cấu trúc : + It’ s time to V0 ( that ) + S + QKĐ ( V2/ed) + S + would rather V0 have V3/ed ( that ) + S + QKĐ ( V2/ed ) */ GRAMMAR: I COMPARATION: Comparative form : So sánh + Ngắn : S1 + be/ V + short adj / adv – er + than + S2 + Dài : S1+ be / V + more + long adj / adv+ than + S2 Superlative comprison: So sánh + Ngắn : S + be/V + the + short adj / adv – est + … + Dài: S + be / V + the most + long adj/ adv … Equal comprison: So sánh Kđ: S1 + be / V + as - adj / adv - as + S2 Pđ: S1 + be/ V + so- adj/ adv –as + S2 Double comparison: So sánh kép a/ Càng ngày càng: + Ngắn : S + be / V + short adj/adv-er and short adj/adv-er + Dài : S + be / V + more and more + long adj/adv b/ So sánh nguyên nhân kết ( Thường mệnh đề ) The + so sánh + S + V/ be , the+ so sánh + S + V / be */ Notes : Linking verbs: get , become, be, seem, sound , grow, stay, remain, stand, feel , look , turn , taste, smell , appear , prove , act + Adj ( Tính Từ ) - Tính từ có âm tiết mà kết thúc = ( y, ow, er, et ,le ) ta xem ngắn Ex : - happy , clever, simple , narrow, quiet( ngắn ) - tired , careful, intelligent , boring ( dài) */ Trường hợp ngoại lệ : - good/ well => better => the best - Bad/ badly/ ill => worse => the worst - Far => farther / further => the farthest / furthest - Many/ much => more => the most - Few => fewer => the fewest - Little => less => the least */ Cách thành lập trạng từ: - Adj + ly => adv Ex: beauliful => beautifully - Good => well - Một số từ vừa tính từ , vừa trạng từ : hard , fast , late , early, soon ,far ( ngắn ) II Conditional sentences: Type : Chắc chắn xảy tương lai If + HTĐ , S + will / KK / mệnh lênh ( V0/ Don’t V0 ) + V0 => ĐN : Should + S + ( not ) V0 , S + will / KK / mệnh lênh ( V0/ Don’t V0 ) + V0 Type 2: Trái với ( không thật ) If + QKĐ ( be=> were) , S + would/ could / might + V0 => Were + S ( not) + to V0 , S + would/ could / might + V0 Type 3: Trái với khứ ( hối hận ) If + QKHT ( S + had V3/ed) , S + would/could/ might + have + V3/ed => ĐN : Had + S + ( not) V3/ed, S + would/could/ might + have + V3/ed Type 0: Chỉ thật khoa học, chân lí: If + HTĐ , HTĐ Ex: If the sun rises in East , it sets in West Type : Mixed ( kết hợp ) Ex: If you had done homewwork last night , you wouldn’t be punished now Chú ý : Kết hợp câu điều kiện + Bước 1: Xác định câu gốc HTĐ => If 2, QKĐ=> If + Bước 2: Xđ mệnh đề nguyên nhân ( because) đặt mđ if, mđ kết (so) đăt mệnh đề + Bước 3: Câu gốc kđ phủ định Because I don’t have money , I can’t buy a new car => => Because Mary ate many sweets, she was sick => => Because he went to bed late , he doesn’t morning exercises => => Mai is punished now because she didn’t her homework last night => => III Passive voice: ( Bị động) */ Chủ động: S + V + O + … + Time Bị động : S + be + V3/ed + … + ( by O) + Time HTĐ: S + is / am / are + V3/ed + … ( by O ) + time HTTD: S + is/ am are + being + V3/ed +…(by O) + time HTHT: S + has/ have + been + V3/ed + …(by O) + time QKĐ: S + was/ were + V3/ed +… + (by O) + time QKTD : S + was/ were + being + V3/ed +… + ( by O ) + time QKHT: S + had + been + V3/ed + … + ( by O ) + time TLĐ: S + will + be + V3/ed + … + (by O ) + time TLTD: S + will be + being + V3/ed +… + (by O ) + time TLHT : S + will have + been + V3/ed +… + ( by O ) + time 10 Be going to : S + is/ am / are + going to + be + V3/ed +… ( by O ) = time 11.KK: S + KK + be + V3/ed + … + ( by O ) + time 12 Have to : S + have to / has to + be + V3/ed +… + ( by O ) + time */ Passive voice of reporting verbs: ( Bị động động từ tường thuật) Chủ động: S1 + V1+( that )+ S2 + V2 +… Bị động : Cách 1: S2+ be +( V1->V3/ ed) + V2 Cách 2: It + be + (V1=> V3/ed ) + that + S2+ V2… Chú ý : - Nếu V2 xảy trước V1 => to have V3/ed - Nếu V2 dùng HTHT/ QKHT => to have + V3/ed - Nếu V2 V1 xảy thời điểm => to V0 - Nếu V2 xảy sau V1 ( V2 dùng HTĐ, HTTD , TLĐ , can , must, may…) => to V0 Ex: People say that Tom is an excellent student this year => => They think that Mr Brown was absent from the company last year => => IV Connectors: Từ kết nối So … That S+ be/ V + so + adj / adv + that + MĐ(S + (KK) + V0) Such … that S + be + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + MĐ(S + (KK) + V0) => ĐN : So + adj/ adv + ĐN + That + Mệnh đề ( S + V) Such + ĐN + That + Mệnh đề ( S + V ) c Too … to : S + be / V + too + adj / adv + ( for ) + to V0… d Enough … to : S + be / V + adj / adv + enough + ( for ) + to V0… Chú ý: + Cấu trúc too to enough … to ( khơng có it/ them cuối câu + Cấu trúc so … that / such … That có it / them + Enough đứng trước danh từ V CONJUNCTIONS: ( LIÊN TỪ ) A CLAUSE OF PURPOSE : MĐ mục đích + in order ( not) to + V0 + so as (not) to + + ( not) to + + so that + in order that Mệnh đề ( S + can/ could / will / would + V0 Ex: I study hard so that I can pass the exam => I study hard so that I won’t fail the exam => I hide the toy so that my mother can’t see it => B CLAUSE OF CONCESSIVE : Mệnh đề nhượng + Although + Though + Even though + Despite the fact that MỆNH ĐỀ ( S + V) + In spite of the fact that Despite/ In spite of + V-ING / NOUN PHRASES , but / , yet : Nhưng ( Trước but , yet có dấu phẩy ) However, / Nevertheless, : nhiên ( Trước however / nevertheless có dấu chấm chấm phẩy, sau however / nevertheless có dấu phẩy) a No matter who/what/when/ where + S + V b No matter how + adj/adv S + V, S + V Adj/Adv as S + V, S + V Ex : Mặc dù anh nghèo anh học giỏi => => => => => => C CLAUSES OF REASON AND RESULT: Mệnh đề nguyên nhân kết */ Bởi vì: + Because of + due to V-ING / NOUN PHRASES + owning to + Because + As + Since MỆNH ĐỀ ( S + V) + Due to the fact that */ Vì , : + , so / , thus + Therefore , MỆNH ĐỀ ( S + V) Ex: Bởi thời tiết xấu, nhà hôm qua Because the weather was bad, we stayed at home yesterday => => => D MỘT SỐ LIÊN TỪ KHÁC AND: Thêm / bổ sung thứ vào thứ khác Ex: - I morning exercise every day to keep fit and relax -I like watching sports and listening to music. d Câu cảm thán lời nói gián tiếp: (Exclamationin reported speech) - Động từ tường thuật là: exclaim/shout Ex: He said, “ What a lovely garden they have” => He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden - Các hình thức cảm thán bắt đầu “what’ “how” chuyển sang gián tiếp bằng: He said that it was … / He exclaimed that it was … Ex: 1: She said; “What a pity!” (Direct speech) -> She exclaimed that it was a pity I said; “What a nice horse” -> I exclaimed that it was a nice hoese He said; “How beautiful she is!” -> He exclaimed that she was beautiful! “What a big egg” he said -> He said that it was a big egg X TENSE TRANSFORMATION: a The last time + S + V2/ed + + was + ago / in S + hasn’t / haven’t + V3/ed + for / since b S + last + V2/ed + ago / in S + hasn’t / haven’t + V3/ed + for / since Chú ý : It ‘s + khoảng thời gian + since + S + last + V2/ed Ex: The last time we saw Tom was in 2000 => => She was last at school was ten years ago => => They haven’t visited New York for a long time => => c S + started/ began + to V0/ V-ing + ago / in S + has/ have + V3/ed + for / since Ex: I started to work in this school when I graduated from the university => Mr Brown has been a doctor for twenty years => This is the first time + S + have / has + V3/ed + S + has/ have + never + V3/ed + before hasn’t / haven’t + ever Ex: This is the first time we visited New York => She has never come to Britain before => It is over twenty years since I last got in touch with them => => The last time we went to the cinema was five years ago => My father has worked in this company for 20 years => Tom hasn’t leraned French for a long time => => ... phải mệnh đề ( S + V ) - That thay cho who/ whom/ which ( Trừ trường hợp có dấu phẩy giới từ khơng ) - Reduce relative clauses ( Rút gọn mệnh đề liên hệ ) + Có STT ( first, second, third, fourth,…,... years ago g Regret : hối hận / thông báo + S + regret + to V0: hối hận / hối tiếc việc làm + S + regret + V-ing: thơng báo / báo tin cho Ex: I regret (buy ) …………………………this old car I regret ( inform... + Bước 1: Xác định câu gốc HTĐ => If 2, QKĐ=> If + Bước 2: Xđ mệnh đề nguyên nhân ( because) đặt mđ if, mđ kết (so) đăt mệnh đề + Bước 3: Câu gốc kđ phủ định Because I don’t have money , I can’t