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ALTERACIONES EN LA HOMEOSTASIS DEL COLESTEROL HEPÁTICO Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA ESTEATOHEPATITIS NO ALCOHÓLICA

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ALTERACIONES EN LA HOMEOSTASIS DEL COLESTEROL HEPÁTICO Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA ESTEATOHEPATITIS NO ALCOHÓLICA © 2017 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza[.]

ARTÍCULO DE REVISIĨN © 2017 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Qmico-Biológicas, 20(1): 50-65, 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2016.11.005 ALTERACIONES EN LA HOMEOSTASIS DEL COLESTEROL HEPÁTICO Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA ESTEATOHEPATITIS NO ALCOHÓLICA Joel Vega-Badillo1,2 Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioqmicas, Facultad de Qmica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Deleg Coyoacán, C.P 04510, Ciudad de México, México 2Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Qmica, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur No 4809, Colonia Arenal Tepepan, Deleg Tlalpan, C.P 14610, Ciudad de México, México E-mail: badillo160682@hotmail.com RESUMEN Diversos estudios han demostrado que el colesterol libre (CL) hepático tiene una participación importante en la patogénesis de la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (EHNA) Estos estudios han proporcionado evidencias de que la acumulación en el hígado de CL es tóxico a distintos niveles incluyendo: oxidativo a la mitocondria, estrés del retículo endoplasmático (RE) y activación de células de Kupffer (CKs) y células estelares hepáticas (CEH) En conjunto, estas evidencias sugieren que el contenido de CL hepático es importante en HOLQLFLRPDQWHQLPLHQWR\PRGXODFLyQGHODUHVSXHVWDLQÁDPDWRULDDVRFLDGDDOD(+1$(QHVWDUHYLVLyQVH discuten los distintos mecanismos participantes en la regulación de la homeostasis del colesterol y sus posibles implicaciones en el desarrollo y progresión del hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) Palabras Clave: FROHVWHUROOLEUH(+1$¿EURVLV+*1$KRPHRVWDVLV Dysregulation in hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and its implications in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ABSTRACT Several studies have shown that hepatic free cholesterol (FC) has an important role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) These studies have provided evidence that hepatic FC accumulation is toxic at different levels including: mitochondrial oxidative injury, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) Altogether, this suggests that hepatic FC FRQWHQWLVLPSRUWDQWIRUWKHLQLWLDWLRQPDLQWHQDQFHDQGPRGXODWLRQRIWKHLQÁDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHDVVRFLDWHG with NASH In this review several mechanisms that participate in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and their possible implications in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are discussed Key Words: IUHHFKROHVWHURO1$6+¿EURVLV1$)/'KRPHRVWDVLV Nota: Artículo recibido el 18 de mayo de 2016 y aceptado el 28 de septiembre de 2016 enero, 2017 Vega-Badillo, J.: El colesterol y la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica INTRODUCCIĨN H ígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) (O KtJDGR JUDVR QR DOFRKyOLFR +*1$  HV OD HQIHUPHGDG KHSiWLFD FUyQLFD PiV FRP~Q VLQ XQD KLVWRULD GH FRQVXPR VLJQL¿FDWLYR GH DOFRKRO (VWD SDWRORJtD HVWi IUHFXHQWHPHQWH DVRFLDGD FRQ OD SUHVHQFLD GH REHVLGDG UHVLVWHQFLD D OD LQVXOLQD \ RWUDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHO VtQGURPH PHWDEyOLFR1,2 (O +*1$ VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU OD DFXPXODFLyQ GH JUDVD HQ ORV KHSDWRFLWRV TXH H[FHGH HO  GHO SHVR GHO KtJDGR3. 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