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II HU(^NG DAN O U A N L Y , SLT DUNG SUf DUNG Dl TiCH UCH SUTCACH MANG Q U A N G TRj TROnC DHV HOC Bfll LICH SUf HOI HHOH TRI LflP Le Anh Ddc Khoa Lich sd, TrUdng DHSP DHHue Cd nhilu bien phip sfl dun[.]
II HU(^NG DAN OUANLY, SLT DUNG SUf DUNG Dl TiCH UCH SUTCACH MANG QUANG TRj TROnC DHV HOC Bfll LICH SUf HOI HHOH TRI LflP Le Anh Ddc Khoa Lich sd, TrUdng DHSP - DHHue Cd nhilu bien phip sfl dung tii lieu lich sfl dia phfldng day hpe lich sfl nhflng vile sfl dung bien phip nio cung phii tuin thu cd sd li luan phfldng phip day hpe chung eua bd mdn v i giup HS tiep can dflpc vdi Ifldng kiln thfle m i GY cin truyin thu thdng qua boat ddng nhin thfle tich cfle cua HS Bii bio niy de xuit mdt sd biln phip sfl pham chu yeu sfl dung di tich lich sfl eieh mang Quing Tri gid hpe lich sfl Viet Nam, bii ndi khda tai ldp Sfl dung tranh anh di tich de tao hflng thu cho HS dau gid hoc Cie loai dung trfle quan ndi chung, tranh inh ndi rilng day hpc lich sfl dflpc sfl diang dfldi nhilu hinh thfle khic nhau, la mdt ngudn tri thfle cung cap cho HS ddng thdi edn la mdt phfldng tien de eu the hda sfl kiln, phin tich vi giii thieh eic sfl kiln, hiln tfldng lich sfl De dat dflpc bieu qui cua bii hpe, phit buy tinh tich cfle eua HS, GY ed the sfl dung ket hpp nhilu phfldng phap day hpc, die bilt li vile sfl dung tranh inh di tich de tao hflng thu cho HS dau gid hpc Yi du day muc I, bii 20: Tinh hinh vd nhiem vii cdch mang niidc ta sau hiep dinh Gidnevd nam 1954 vi Ddng DUdng (SGK ldp 12, ban cd hdn) Muc tieu eua mue niy li: Ddt nUdc bi chia cdt ldm hai mien dm mtiu cua Ml vd Diem Nhiem vu cua cdch mang cd nUde, cua mdi miin vd moi quan hi giiia nhiem vu cua hai mien, GY sfl dung tranh inh eau Hien Lflpng n i m 1954 De td chfle eho HS tim hieu ndi dung tranh inh, trflde tiln GY cho HS quan sit tranh inh, sau dd GY dit ciu bdi gpi md: Cdy cdu Hien Ltidng nam d vt tuyin ndo? Bac qua ddng sdng ndo?; Hinh dnh bUc tranh ndi lin vdn digi? Ydi nhflng ciu hdi khdng khd mang tinh tii hiln, dilu niy kieh thieh sfl hfldng thu t r i Idi cua cic em Sau cie em t r i ldi xong GY nhan xet v i dan nhap vio bii mdi Do nhflng i m mflu cua Mi v i Diem mudn biln mien Nam Viet Nam thinh thude dia kieu mdi, chia eit dat nflde ta lim hai miin Yiy tinh hinh v i nhiem vu eieh mang nflde ta sau hiep dinh GiPnevd n i m 1954 nhfl t h i nio? Mi v i Diem cd thfle hiln dflpc im (Nhin bai itgay 31/8/2011) !8 • TAP CHi THlfTBI GIAO DUC-sd 74-10/2011 mflu cua ehflng hay khong?, de hieu rd van de dd ehflng ta hpc bii 21 "Xiy dflng CNXH d mien Bac, dau tranh chong che dp Mi v i chinh quyen Sii Gdn d mien Nam (19541965)" Sfl dung tai lieu di tich lich sfl each mang de tao bieu tfldng cho HS Trong day hpc lich sfl, xuat phit tfl die trflng bd mon, dac diem nhin thfle lich sfl, viec hinh thinh tri thfle eho HS phii bat dau tfl vile tao bieu tflpng lich sfl Diy li cP sd dau tien, quan trpng cho vile nam kien thfle Tii lieu cing phong phu thi cing tao dilu kien cho HS nhin thfle lich sfl, tii tao binh inh sfl kiln mdt each dung dan Vile sfl dung tranh inh di tich lich sfl cich mang dia phfldng de tao bieu tfldng cho HS cd nhilu flu thi ro ret, bdi vi bin than di tich Ijch sii la nhflng minh ehflng cd that dxiac lich sfl tao nen Do hinh inh trung thfle, dflpc GV to chfle eho HS quan sit kit hpp vdi be thdng eau hdi vi eac doan tfldng thuat mieu ti, tao nen mdt bfle tranh sinb dpng thfle sfl tic ddng vio cic giac quan cua cic em; giup vile tao bilu tfldng lich sfl mdt cich HUONG DAN O U A N L Y , SLT DUNG de ding Vi du, day muc 1: CMOC tiin cdng chien lUdc ndm 1972 Phdn lU, Bdi 22 (SGK 12 chUdng trinh ehudn), GY dfla nhflng bfle tranh vl Thinh ed Quing Tri: "Nu cfldi d Thinh Cd Quing Tri"; "Dfla bd dp qua sdng" diy, kit hdp vdi tranh inh GY dfla li nhflng doan tfldng thuat, milu t i de lim eho nhflng bfle inh dd sdng ddng hdn Yi du: "Chi vdng 81 ngiy, Mynguy d i nem xudng diy gin 330.000 tin bom dan, tfldng dfldng sflc cdng p h i eua qui bom nguyen tfl Rieng ngiy 25/7, chung x i vio Thinh Cd hdn 5000 qui dai bie Trflde cudc tin cdng cfle ky d i man dd, quin v i din ta vdi y chi quyet tim cao dp, tinh than chiln diu kiln efldng d i dinh dich bit khdi Thinh Cd vi ei thi xi" Sau dd GY nlu ciu hdi d l HS tri ldi: "Vi n i m 1972 quin ta md cudc tiln cdng chiln lflpc dinh vio Quing Tri?" "Chiln thing 81 ngiy dim d Thinh cd Quing Tri ed tic ddng nhfl t h i n i o din cue dien miin chiln trfldng miin Nam?" Tfl nhflng ciu hdi dd, HS phii suy nghi thiy dflpc chinh nhflng thing Idi chiln lflpc 1972 d i giing mdt ddn ning n l vio chiln lflpc "Viet Nam h o i chiln tranh" HS hiiu rd vl bfle tranh chin thfle eua cudc chiln 81 ngiy dim d thinh ed Quing Tri bieu tflpng vl chu nghia anh eieh mang eua quin vi din ta Viec sfl dung tranh inh di tich lich sfl eieh mang dia phflPng phii lfla chpn nhflng tranh inh dien hinh, de tic ddng vio cim xuc eua cic em Khi sfl dung, GY ylu eau HS tfl lim vile vdi tranh inh hoac GY dfla ciu hdi, kit hpp cic doan tfldng thuat mieu t i di bilu tflpng lich sfl dflpc Iflu lai diu HS mdt cich ben vflng bpn Sfl dung tranh anh di tich lich sfl each mang de minh hoa kiln thfle lich sfl Vile sfl dung di tich lich sfl cich mang de minh hpa eho kiln thfle eua bii la dilu rit quan trpng, giup HS bilu siu sic kiln thfle hdn YI du, d l giup HS bieu rd vai trd eua mien Bie ddi vdi miin Nam GY ed t h i cho HS xem inh ciu treo Bin Tit v i nhflng di tich cich mang d dpe eon dfldng Trfldng SPn trIn dia phin tinh Quing Tri day hpe muc "Mien Bie vfla chien dau chdng chien tranh p h i hoai, vfla sin xuit v i lim nghia vu hau phflPng" d bii 22 (SGK Idp 12, chflpng trinh chuan) De HS thay qui trinh xiy dflng eon dfldng lich sfl niy cung nhfl vai trd, tie dung eua nd ddi vdi cudc khing chien chdng Mi cflu nflde, GY nlu mdt sd ciu hoi d l HS suy nghi nhfl: DUdng dUdc md tU bao gid? t nghia cua nd ddi vdi cudc khdng chiin chong Mi cua II ddn tdc ta? Hay: Em cd thi ki mdt so diim bi mat viidt dUdng eua dudng TrUdng Sdn ? Sau HS suy nghi tim bilu, GY ylu ciu HS trao ddi thio luan, trinh biy y kiln eua minh Cudi eflng GY nhin xet v i kit luan: Dfldng Trfldng Sdn chinh thfle dflpc khai thdng tfl thing 5/1959 Qua dfldng van tii chien lflpc niy, hau phflPng mien Bie d i chi viln kip thdi v i ngiy cing cao theo yeu ciu eua chien trfldng miin Nam vdi 1.349.000 tin hing, vu khi; hing chuc van bd dpi, cin bd d i qua dfldng niy Binh doin Trfldng Sdn, mdt binh doin hdn hpp gdm nhilu quin chung, binh chung, Iflc Iflpng tham gia xiy dflng vi chiln dau nham dim bio cho giao thdng thdng sudt mpi tinh hudng "Dd Id dudng ciia y chi quyit thdng, ciia Idng ddng cam vd phdch anh Viet Nam'' [3, tr47] Hfldng dan HS viet bii vl di tich lich sfl each mang D l hinh thinh ning Iflc tfl hpc eho HS bin canh vai tro quyet dinh efla ngfldi GY thi vile tao mdi trfldng thuan ldi d l eic em tfl hpc cung ed inh hfldng quan trpng trfldng hpc, GY cd t h i lip cie nhdm nhd hpc tip diia trIn cic nhdm ban be cho eic em Vile trao ddi, tranh luan, giup dd hpc tip nham vflpt qua TAP CHi THifr BI GlAO DUC - Sd 74 -10/2011 • 29 &-'5ri" II .'fijjl.'njp-*- i • HU(5fNG DAN Q U A N LY, SLT DUNG nhflng khd khin lim niy nd lilt sy mi cdn li ndi suy tdn, la cic sing kiln, phit triln long bieu tflpng sing ngdi eua chu yeu thich hpc tip va cung nghia anh eieh mang, cd nilm tin vio bin thin eua tinh thin, y chi dau tranh cic em GV cung can thdng giinh ddc lip vi kbit vpng bio eho gia dinh nhflng biln hda binh cua nhin din ta edn phip giup cic em tfl hpe nhfl li nPi hinh hfldng eua nhin tao thdi gian, ddng viln, mua din khip mpi miin dit nflde them tii lieu Ngoii di vi ban be qude tl theo truyen phit triln ning Iflc tfl hpc thdng, dao ly cao dep cua din thi GY phii cd phfldng phip tdc Viet Nam sfl pham hdp ly, bii tip vl Trinh chieu cac video nhi vdi ciu hdi dl kieh tich ve di tich lich sfl each mang sfl hflng thu cua cic em de bo sung cho bai hoc Do vay vile hfldng din HS Ddi vdi phim tfl lieu vl viit bii vl di tich lich sfl eieh di tich lich sfl cich mang ed mang dia phfldng d mdt khia flu the day hpe lich sfl canh nbit dinh, ed tie dung Trflde hit chung phong phfl rit Idn vile phit triln vl ndi dung, kit hpp chit ning Iflc tfl hpe tfl nghiln cflu che hinh inh, ldi ndi vdi im cua cic em Cd nhilu cich dl tie ddng vio eic giie eho HS tim bilu di tich lich sfl quan cua HS, cung cip mdt cich mang, cd thi sau di khdi Ifldng thdng tin Idn, hip thim quan tai thfle dia di tich dan Hinh inh, miu sic, im eieh mang, GY td chfle eho tao eho HS bilu tfldng HS lim mdt bii thu hoach vl sinh ddng ve qui khfl, lim nhflng gi HS hpe dflpc hoac li eho cie em cd cim giic nhfl mdt bii tip Idn vl di tich lich dang sdng cung vdi sfl kiln, sfldd gdp phan khie phuc hiln Yi du: Khi cie em thim tflpng "hiln dai hda'' lich sfl quan tai Nghia trang lilt sy Trong day hpe lich sfl Viet Trfldng Sdn GY dfla cic Nam tfl 1954-1975, GY cd thi ciu hdi nhfl: Ki tin nhUng khai thic cic doan phim tfl nghia trang Hit sy d Quang Tri lieu di tich lich sfl cich mang dUdc Nhd nUdc xep hang quocQuing Tri nhfl phim: 81 ngiy gia?; Hay viit nhiing hiiu hiit dim Thanh Co Quang Tri, Vi ciia minh ve nghia trang Hit sy tuyln 17 ngiy vi dim GY Trudng Sdn ? di HS viit bai thu td chfle cho HS lim vile vdi hoach vi nop cho GY cic doan phim tfl lieu, dau Nhfl vay sau viit bii tiln cho HS xem doan phim niy HS se hiiu hdn vl nghia tfl lieu de xie dinh ndi dung trang lilt sy Trfldng Sdn, dd li lich sfl cin khai thic Sau dd ndi an nghi eua cic anh hflng GY nlu ciu hdi gpi md vi gpi 30 • TAP CHi THI^BI GIAO DMC-sd 74-10/2011 y cho HS tim hieu ndi dung doan phim tfl lieu HS tri ldi ciu hdi bang vile trinh bay ket qui tim hieu ndi dung doan phim tfl lieu sau da quan sit, HS khic nhin xet, bd sung vi GY nhin xet, bo sung nhflng ndi dung ma HS tri ldi vi tren cd sd chot lai kien thfle lich sfl thi hien qua doan phim Yi du, day mue III Giii phdng hoin toin mien Nam, giinh toin ven lanh thd td qude bai 23 (SGK 12 Cd bin) GY cd the cho HS xem doan phim tfl lieu giai phdng Quing Tri thing 1975, sau dd GY nlu ciu hoi: Doan phim trin ndi vi vdn de gi? 't nghia cua chien thdng d Quang Tri doi vdi sU nghiep gidi phdng Miin Nam? HS sau xem xong doan phim tri ldi ciu hdi mi GY dfla tfl dd bilu dflpc cudc khang chiln trfldng ky ic lilt cua ca din tdc ta Tai lieu tham khao Phan Ngpc Lien, Phfldng phip day hpe lich sii, NXB Giio due, 1992 Phan Ngpc Liln, Trinh Dinh Tung, Nguyen Thi Coi, PhUdng phdp day hgc lich sit, tapl, 2, NXB Dai hpc sfl pham Hi Ndi, 2002 LI Dfle Thp, Di tich lich sfl vi danh lam thing eieh tinh Quing Tri, NXB Sd Van Hoa Thdng Tm Quing Tri, 2004 ... ky d i man dd, quin v i din ta vdi y chi quyet tim cao dp, tinh than chiln diu kiln efldng d i dinh dich bit khdi Thinh Cd vi ei thi xi" Sau dd GY nlu ciu hdi d l HS tri ldi: "Vi n i m 1972 quin... vay vile hfldng din HS Ddi vdi phim tfl lieu vl viit bii vl di tich lich sfl eieh di tich lich sfl cich mang ed mang dia phfldng d mdt khia flu the day hpe lich sfl canh nbit dinh, ed tie dung... gia dinh nhflng biln hda binh cua nhin din ta edn phip giup cic em tfl hpe nhfl li nPi hinh hfldng eua nhin tao thdi gian, ddng viln, mua din khip mpi miin dit nflde them tii lieu Ngoii di vi