TO CHUC DAY HOC K H A I N I E M P H f l N H I N H HOC K H O N G G I A N C H O H O C S I N H T H E O Q U A N D I E M T H I C H N G H I T R I T U E • • O ThS 0 6 VAN CL/ONG* Theo quan diem thich nghi tr[.]
TO C H U C D A Y H O C K H A I N I E M P H f l N H I N H H O C K H O N G G I A N CHO HOC SINH • THEO QUAN D I E M THICH O T heo quan diem thich nghi trf tue (TNTT), muc NGHI TRI TUE • ThS VAN CL/ONG* Myc tieu quan cua viec dgy hoc kien thuc phdn HHKG d trung hoc phd thdng Id phdt trien tri tudng tuang khdng gian cho HS Ben canh dd, viec su dyng hinh dnh, bieu tugng tryc quan dgy hoc se giup HS nhdn biet mdt sd ddc diem dqc trung cua KN Tu dd, HS se cd sy lien tudng den KN cdn phdt hien 2) Khai thdc cdc quan niem sai hodc chua day du cua HS de phdt hien vd khac sdu KN can chiem linh Cdc quan niem sai hodc chua day du cua HS xudt hien sy ddng hda khdng dung hodc qua trinh bien dd'i ddi tuang sai De khdc phyc tinh trgng nay, GV cdn tgo cdc tinh hudng cho HS ty phdt hien duqc cho sai cua minh, dieu chinh tri thuc dd cd Vi dy: Do hinh hoc phang, HS dd khdc sdu KN: Hai dudng thdng phdn biet khdng cd diem chung thi song song Sau nay, chuyen sang HHKG, neu HS cung cho rdng: Hai dudng thdng phdn biet khdng cd diem chung thi song song vdi Id khdng dung De giup HS hieu rd van de, GV yeu cdu HS quan sat vj tri tuang ddi giua dudng thdng AB vd B C hinh hop ABCD.A'B'CD' Qua quan sat, HS nhdn thdy, hai dudng thdng khdng cd diem chung nhung lgi khdng song song vdi Nhu vdy, djnh nghTa ve hai dudng thdng song song mat phdng khdng cdn dung khdng gian, dd xudt hien mdt sy mat cdn bdng Tu dd, HS dieu chinh lgi tri thuc cu, di den ket ludn mdi: Cho hai dudng thdng phdn biet a vd b khdng gian, dd cd the xdy hai trudng hqp: a) Khdng cd mat phdng ndo chua cd a vd b Khi dd, ta ndi hai dudng thdng a vd b cheo nhau; b) Cd mat phdng chua cd a vd b Khi dd, ta ndi chung ddng phdng 3) Thdng qua su dyng cdc md hinh, hinh dnh thuc teldm co sd budc ddu de HS lien tudng den TNTT cua chu the nhqn thuc phu thuoc vdo tdc «hod giai" nhung tinh hudng de tiep nhqn (hieu, gidi thich, van dyng) tri thuc mdi Muc thich nghi cao ddi hdi ngudi hoc phdi thyc hien cdc hoqt ddng (HD) dieu ung viec phdt hien vd gidi quyet van de Khdc vdi mdt sd li thuyet day hoc khdc, dgy hoc theo quan diem TNTT, gido vien (GV) khdng phdi Id ngudi cung cap tri thuc sdn cd md Id ngudi hudng dan de' hoc sinh (HS) ty khdm phd tri thuc de thyc hien cdc nhiem vy hoc tap Tu dd, kien tqo tri thuc mdi vd HS cd duqc sy thich nghi tich cue vdi cdc van de mdi, tinh hudng mdi Trong day hoc mdn Todn, cdc khdi niem (KN) todn hoc chi duqc hinh thdnh mdt each vung chdc neu HS tryc tiep tham gia vdo qua trinh xdy dyng KN dd Dudi day, chung tdi de xudt mdt quy trinh to chuc day hoc cdc KN mdn Hinh hoc phdn Hinh hoc khdng gian (HHKG) theo quan diem TNTT nhdm ren luyen HS khd ndng bien doi, dieu chinh tri thuc da co de tuong hgp vdi tri thuc moi Tqo tinh hudng hoc tap nhdm phdt hien KN GV dua cdc tinh hudng hoc tap, to chuc cho HS tien hdnh cdc HD nhu: phdn tich, so sdnh, ddi chieu, lya chon cdc ddi tugng mang bdn chdt cua KN nghTa Id lya chon cdc trudng hqp rieng chua dyng nhung tinh chdt chung de phdt bieu KN De cdc tinh hudng dgt hieu qua cao, cd the su dung mdt sd bien phap nhdm ren luyen ndng lyc TNTT cho HS: ' 7) Ren luyen HS nang luc lien tudng ho trg cho viec ddng hda de phdt hien cdc thudc tinh dgc trung cua KN mdi Theo chung tdi, dong hod Id qua trinh neu gap tri thuc mdi tuang hqp vdi so nhdn thuc dd cd thi cd the ket hqp tryc tiep vdo sa nhdn thuc dang ton tqi de gidi quyet tinh hudng mdi O day, dong hod thyc chdt Id gud trinh tdi lap Iqi mdt sd dqc diem cua khach the nhdn thuc, dua no vdo sa dd nhdn thuc dd cd * Tnrong THPT Ha Tong Huan, huyen Yen Djnh, Thanh Hda Tap chi Giao due so