Slide 1 LANGUAGE FOCUSLANGUAGE FOCUS 1 Match the symbols with their names 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 coal oil hydropower gas wind geothermal nuclear biomass solar Grammar Relative clauses replaced by participles[.]
LANGUAGE FOCUS Match the symbols with their names coal oil hydropower gas wind geothermal nuclear biomass solar Grammar: Relative clauses replaced by participles The man who spoke to John is my brother -> The man speaking to John is my brother (active voice) The boy who is playing the piano is Ben -> The boy playing the piano is Ben (active voice) The woman who was injured is an actress -> The woman injured is an actress (passive voice) Reduced Relative Clauses/ Participial phrases • Active voice: Noun + (who/which/that) present participle + V-ing • Passive voice: Noun + (who/which/that) past participle + V-ed/V3 Rewrite the sentences, using participles The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet waiting They live in a house that was built in 1890 built The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood surrounding The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting presented overlooking We have an apartment which overlooks the park They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government sponsored The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary published I was woken up by a bell which was ringing ringing Complete the sentences using correct form of the verbs : invite, live, call, offer Somebody called Jack phoned while you were out A lot of the people _ invited to the party cannot come A few days after the interview , I received a letter offering me the job Life must be very unpleasant for the people living near busy airports Rules for making reduced relative clauses 1. We can only make reduced relative clauses when the subject relative pronoun is the of the relative clause 2. The present participle can replace various _ tenses, active not only present continuous past 3. The _ participle can replace various passive tenses Note: Remember that when the relative pronoun is the of object a defining relative clause, we can omit (leave out) _, who or _ which that Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives My brother is the first person who comes home -> My brother is the first person to come English is an important language which we have to master -> English is an important language to master The best thing that should be done now is to sleep -> The best thing to be done now is to sleep A good place where we can stay is Rex -> A good place to stay in is Rex Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives To infinitive is used after: •the first / last / only + Noun •superlative + Noun •any / no + Noun + (RC + modal verb) Complete the sentences with : tell , wear , eat , come , sell , read A good place is Bloom’s to eat The next course to come is French Do you have any eggs _? to sell He hasn’t got anything _ to wear They’ve got a lot of books _ to read to tell We haven’t got any news _ 14. This is one of the most efficient methods of converting fossil fuels into electricity A. a B. an C. the D. no article 15. By the 19th century, gas extracted from coal was being used for _ street lighting in London A. a B. an C. the D. no article 16. resources are natural ones such as wind, water, and sunlight which are always available A. Arduous B. Developed C. Renewable D. Improved 17. A is a small electric light which gets its power from batteries and which you can carry in your hand A. flashlight B. stove C. wood D. clinic 18. Wind and sea waves are considered as energy sources because they do not cause pollution A. pollutionfree B. woodburning C. environmentfriendly D. nonrenewable 19. The house is red belongs to me A. whose roof B. which roof C. in which roof D. where roof 20. I bought a book I got new ideas about teaching grammar A. which B. from which C. in that D. that 21. Our children need more space A. in where they play B. in that they play C. where to play D. to play 22. He survived in the desert for three weeks without food, A. was amazing B. in which was amazing C. which was amazing D. that was amazing 23. Creativity, _ may take many forms, is a quality all human beings have 24. We got lost in caused us to be very late A. the city which B. the city in which C. the city, where D. the city, which 25. Every day we spent some money _ energy A. on B. which C. for D. upon 26. Wood was one of the first fuels used by A. human B. humans C. humane D. humanly 27. Energy is fundamental to most industries and services A. burning B. available C. essential D. remote 28. A is a substance such as tin, salt, or sulphur that is formed naturally in rocks and in the earth A. mineral B. gas C. coal D. nuclear 29 Lack of _ coal has brought on _ energy crisis 30. _ fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain _ energy A. A/ the B. The/ an C. no article/ no article D. The/ a 31. The music _ is good A. that Julie is listening B. to which Julie is listening C. to that Julie is listening D. which Julie is listening 32. My brother met a woman A. with who I used to work B. with whom I used to work C. with that I used to work D. whom I used to work 33. I visited the city _ A. from that John comes B . John comes C. from where John comes D. from which John comes 34. The job is well paid A. that she applied for it B. for which she applied C. that she applied for D. for that she applied ... by Dr. Johnson is easily understood 10 . We often have fish (fry) for lunch fried 11 . The scientist (discover) _ a new medicine for discovering AIDS has won the Nobel Prize 12 . The language (master) ... in recent time is English mastered giving 13 . This is the book (give) me lots of pleasure 14 . I have too much homework (do) this weekend to do 15 . My close friend is always the last (leave) ... the to leave classroom to 16 . This is the only student (receive) the receive scholarship to go 17 . I don’t have anyone (go) with to the party 18 . We have some comics for the children (read)