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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Vol 56, No 5 pp 139 146 R E N KI N A N G N G H E N G H I E P CHO GIAO VIEN D A Y M O N HOA HOC 6 T R U C J N G T R U N G HOC P H 6 T H O N G TIEP C A N C H U A N Q U O C T E[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Vol 56, No pp 139-146 R E N KI N A N G N G H E N G H I E P C H O GIAO V I E N DAY M O N HOA HOC TRUCJNG TIEP CAN T R U N G HOC CHUAN QUOC P H THONG TE Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh Dgi hgc Gido due, Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ndi E-mail: ngoliatlianlihanh'(i'guiail.ce)m Tom tat Qui trinh da ^' hoc tii'^j) Ciln chuan eiuoc to dudc xay dUng bdi cac chiiyiMi giii dao tao (iia Dili lu.x: khao thf eiuoc t("- Cambridge va qui trinh su pham tUdng tiic ciia Dai hoc Quesbec da vd dang dUdc nhigu mrdc tren the^ gidi ap dung qua trinh giang day vdi nine dich ren luyen va nang cao tay nghi cho dgi ngu giao vien noi chung vd gido vien day mon Hoa hgc noi rieng Qui trinh da dugc nghien cflu va thi chi boa cho phu hdp vdi diiu kien d Viet Nam Bdi bdo d6 cap den qui trinh day hoc tigp can chudn quoc ti va cdc thao tac cd ban can thiet ren ki nang nghi nghiep cho gido vien day mon Hoa d trudng THPT tigp can chuan quoc t6 Ti-ong qud trinh giang day, giao vien luon luon thflc hdnh cdc ki nang nhU: thigt kfi vd xay di.rng he muc tieu bac 1, va 3; xay dung Ijch trinh chi tiet cho mot hoc ki hoac mot nam hpc; thiit ki ki hoach day hepc gdm loai: giao dn thudng gido an nghien cflu vd gido dn di.r an; xay dflng cdc hinh thflc kiim tra, ddnh gid kiin thflc cua hoc sinh Ren luyen kl nang mot cdc thirdng xuyen lien tuc la mot nhflng bien phap cjuan trgng giup gido vien tfch luy dUdc nhiiu kinh nghiem giang day vd ngdy cdng hodn thien biin than tien te':ii dat chudn qu6c gia vd tiip can chudn qu6c ti Md dau Trdng nhflng nam gdn da\', Bg Gido due vd Ddo tao dd khdng ngflng ddi mdi nhiiu llnh vi.rc gido due ma trgng tdm la ddi mdi pliUdng phdp dcU' hgc theo hfldng tdng cfldng khd nang tfl hgc, tfl nghign cflu cua ngUdi hgc theo cae ciuan diim hien dai nhu: day hgc lay ngudi hgc ldm trung tdm, day hgc help tac, day hgc phdn hda, day hgc dfl dn, nhdm ndng cao chdt lugng day hgc Trong qud trinh day hgc ngfldi gido vien phdi van diing linh boat, tich hgp kheo leo cac phfldng phap day hgc va cd ki hoach cdi tiin thfldng xuygn theo hudng ngdy cang hoan thien qui trinh day hgc tiep can chudn quoc t i 139 Nguyeni Thi Kim Thdnh Noi d u n g n g h i e n di'u 2.1 Qui trinh day hoc ti6p can chuin quoc t l C^ui tiiuh cla\- hoe ti(''p ciin (-huiiii eiiide te duc.Je: xiiy dflng tren eO ,sd nghien cflu chudng trinh luiiiu III\(MI giiio \ieii vii eliuyc'u gia ebio liio euii Dai lige Khao thi qudc le Ciimbridge (Iniveusity of Ciimbridge - International bxaminations) vk qui trinh sir phcun tUdng tiic (iia hai tiie giii leaii-Miire Denomme \'ii Madeleine Roy ciia Dai hgc Qiic>sbee- CJui trinh miy (bl dfldc: (hinh siiiv phu lid[) \di dieu ki(''n thfle tien cua \'iet Niim l'h;in tich nhu can I I net II day h()c mon hex; .' Xuc d|iih myc lieu mon h(,K; bai hi.K I I ii|i kc hoach day - hi.v ( huan hi lai h;;u, hinh ihirc lo chuc \ a P I ' D I l pluronu lipn, kicm (ra d;inh pi.i , ( liu;iii hi Vi" ThuL Ihl V IIIIMMIfillMIII 1—> Kc hoach bai day < Mi,ic ttcu hai da\ 4^ l.i,iu chon sap xep n()i dung d j \ hix; ^ Lira chon hinh ihirc lo chirc dgy h(,K; phuong phap phirimg lien, cong eu, kiem Ira danh gia i Kieni tra danh gia Icmg kel V Ddnh gii cdi tien Ho so diinh gia cai tien mon h(,v V Ke hoyeh danh gia cai tien IPinh Sd dd mieu td qui trinh dg,y hgc tiep can chudn qudc te Qui trinh di.i\- lio(- tiip can (-luiiui epidc t i la thflc bien eiuan diim day hgc cd the tao dieu kic'Mi boat dpng hgc tilp e-ho ngUdi bgc d tat cii e-ac bae- hgc cdp hgc, nganh hgc tiep can \-di e-huilii eiudc t i va khu vue- Theo eticli tic'^p can mdi miy thi: - Day la epia trinh tich euc, ma ngfldi chiy chia sc^ thdng tin vdi ngfldi hgc, nhiim (ung e-dp vii giup hg xfl li thong tin d i diit tdi muc tieu la thay ddi hanh vi (-lia hg, Hgc- la e|iia trinh ddng hda tbong tin nhdm thay ddi hanh vi mgt each tdng hgp Qui trinh dci\- bgc la mot qua trinh tUdng tae cd chu dinh gifla cac yiu to can nhcdm tao sfl tluiy ddi hanh vi eua ngudi hgc, hudng tdi nhflng muc tieu giao due cao hdn 140 Ren kl nang nghi nghiep cho gido vien day mdn Hda hgc d trifdng trung hgc phd thong Qui trinh dciy hoc tiip can chudn qudc t i xe'M trgn eiuan diim he thing bao gom giai doiin da dflgc t h i chi hda phu hgp vdi ddc- cliim ciia Viet Nam Trong dd, cdc thdnh td lign kit vdi theo mgt chu trinh vii tile- ddng qua lai vdi t h i hien Hinh Nhfl vay ngfldi gido vign muon ed mdt kT nang day hoe- chudn mflc: thi thudng xuygn phai ren luye}n ciie- thao tdc ed ban dfldi ddy: - Tlurc hanh liip ki hoach diiy hgc hda bgc-, xa>- dflng he muc- tieu mdn Hda hgc thiet ki hinh thfle tb e-hfle- di.i.N-, phfldng phap elii.\- hoc- \'ii e-liudn bi phfldng tie;'n day hgc phu lujp vdi muc tieu e-luuui kicMi thflc ki lumg eh) Bg Gido due- vii Ddo tao ban hanh Thi.rc hdnh ciic- hoiit dgng ebiy hoe- hda hgc Ccic- gid chinh khda c-flng nhu ngoai khda dugc thi hien thdng cpia viec thiit ki cdc loiii gido dn diiy hoc nhir giao an dil.^' bgc binh thudng, gido dn diiy hgc nghien cflu vd giiio an diiy hgc theo dfl dn Thi.rc hanh kiim tra ddnh gid sfl tiin bg cua kit ciua lige- tap cua ngudi hgc dira vao mi.ic tigu eua bai bgc- da ngu - Thi.rc hanh ddnh gia cdi tiin dk ed ki hoach cai tien \ iec dciy hgc thi hien qua hd sd ddnh gia mon Hda hgc 2.2 2.2.1 C a c t h a o t a c ccf ban can t h i e t ren ki n a n g n g h e n g h i e p cho giao vien Lap ke hoach day hoc va xay diing he muc tieu mon hoc K i hoach day hgc la lich trinh chi tiit tflng bdi hgc \'di di.r kiin ve hinh thflc to chflc day hgc, eae phfldng phap, phfldng tien, cdc hinh thflc kiim tra ddnh gid vdi cdc hinh thfle khac vdc cdc thdi digm khac- Gidd vign cd thi ldp ki hdach cho cdc hocit dgng ngoai khda Cdn cfl vko nhu can, miic tigu chung cua mdn hgc ma gido \ign xay di.rng ki hoach day bgc cho tflng bai hgc cho chudng, bgc ki hay nam hgc D i thiet lap dflgc ki hoach dii.\' hgc hda hgc mgt edeb chi tiit, gido vien phai dfla vao viec phdn tich nhu cdu mdn Hda hgc Day la nhflng thdng tin quan trgng dau tien dk giao vien xac dinh dung mi.ic tigu mdn hgc, mi.ic tieu bdi hgc vd xky dirng dugc ke hoaeh diiy hgc mdn hgc Di thi.rc hien khdu gido vign can phai tien hanh cdc cong vie^e- sau: Xdc dinh dung vi tri m,dn Hda hoc, bdi hoe giup giao vien diit nine tigu chung Clia bai hgc, cap hgc vd cd quan diim ddy du, dung vi giao due todn die^n Gido vien cd t h i sijf dung phiiu diiu tra (khoang 12 15 can) bao gom cdc ngi dung nhU: Quan diim Clia ngfldi hgc vi khoa hgc hda hgc cd thu vi hay khdng, cd Igi hay khdng, mflc tim hiiu ve hda hgc vd ngi dung hda hgc Ua thfch; Thdi lugng ddnh cho viee hgc 141 Nguyein Thi Kim Thdnh llcia hoc- Irong tiuin, phudng pluip hoc-, kit e|iia cbit dUdc vd ngu.ven nhdn; Hinh thfle- (lijy \ii kiem liii danh gia euiig nhfl de di.it ngu.vcin \'ong Didu tra ddt lifdn.g ligc (diio vien i)hiii thir(- hien ki hoae-h diiu tra tren nhiiu phUdug dieu nhu: KicMU trii kiin Ihflc neui eiia ngudi hi.n- nhiim danh gia kha nang lige lilp nhflng kho khan, lluiaii le.Ji ma hg ed the gaj) phai qua trinh hgc Hda bgc, giiip giiio vie'ii pluiu loid ngudi hoe theo ciie nhdm iiiuig Iflc, tfl eld giiio \'iem cd the'' xii,\- dflng ciie (-hien lude diiy hgc plui hgp C;iu- (-au hdi kiim tra n("'n dflng d mflc va mflc- clg 2: Dieu I lii phong ciieli hgc tiq) va hflng thii hgc hda hgi- (i)hieu diiu tlii I)ang li()i) giiip giiio vien riiim elueJc dc)ng c-d hoe- lap mdn hoe-, nhflng ngu.ven iiliau (bin tdi vie(- thi(-h hoai- khdng lliie-h hoe mon hp(- dk cd (-hi(''n br(.Jc day hoc phu hgp Dudi diiy bl \-i du phieu dii'ii tiii ddi tUdng lip(-: P l l l b r DIEU T\\\ NHi; C.AIJ HOC SINH Ldp: H g \-ii t i M i : Trudng: Nhflng diiu em Biit Nhflng diiu em riide- mdc (cdu hdi) Nhflng diiu em Higu dirge- sau bai hgc Nghien ciiu dieu kien vdt clidt, ki thudt, dieu kien kmh tc xd hdi cua dia phuong giup gidd vien cd ki hoiicli sfl dung hoac bo sung dk ho trg cho qud trinh day hgc Hda hgc MUC TIEU CHI TIET Bde- Ngi dung Chudng Bai Mue- tigu chi tiit Bile _^ Bac LICH 14HNH CHI TIET Bai hgc ChUdng Bdi 142 Tiet Hoiit ddng DH, hinh thflc DH PhflcJng phap, pliUdng tic'-n diiy hgc Kiim tra Danh gia Danh gid cai tiin Ren ki nang nghe nghiep cho gido vien day mon Hoa hoc d triidng trung hgc phd thong 2.2.2 Soan giao an Cdn cfl vao ki hoach day hgc, lie;> nine tieu indn Hda hgc-, giiio vien tien hdnh soan giao dn cho tflng bdi hgc Tfl vie7T phan tieh nhu edu mdn hgc-, gido vien phai ngu dugc vi tri, vai trd eua bdi eu t h i va nhflng diim can c-hu v, nhflng VC'MI cdu riemg, diiu kien vat chdt can thiet tdi thiiu, chinh sdch khen thudng, qud trinh diiy hgc hda lige- Xac dinh nine tieu diiy hgc-: Giiio vign ciin xiic- dinh dung, du muc tieu ma ngfldi hgc phai dat dugc \ i kiin thflc nhu: cilii hiiu vd gidi tlulh dugc tinh e:hdt vat li, tinh chat hda hgc, qui luat biin ddi tinh chat, phan biet dugc ciie- locii phdn flng hda hgc, lien ket hda bgc vii diit dirge vi ki ndng nhfl: biit sfl dung, van dung (dc kiin thflc phan tich ddnh giii, td chflc ciic- hoiit dgng, ki lumg ldm viec theo nhdm, trinh hky trudc Icip, cdch giai quvit vdn di Yiec Xiic- dinh muc tigu bdi hgc la yiu td c}uan trgng nhdt md gido vign cdn thi.rc hien Dd la cd sd d i bra chgn, sdp xip ngi dung da.\' hgc, bra chgn hinh thflc td chflc day bgc- phfldng phdp, phfldng tien, cdng cu day hgc, hinh thflc kiim tra ddnh gid Miie tieu bdi bgc cung Id phdn co ban ciia gido dn Id kit ciua mong dgi Clia gido \ign vd hgc sinh sau mdi bdi hgc Id cd sd chd cdc bdiit dgng khde gid hgc \a cung la tigu chi d i ddnh gia hieu qua gid hgc Gido vign phdi xdc dinh dugc Ciic diiu kien hoan canh, phuong hfldng, vgu can dk ngfldi hgc thue hien hanh vi Cdc diiu kie7Mi thg bie^ui muc tieu thudng bdt dan tfl mgt sd tfl nhfl: van dung, can cfl vdo, cho biet Gido vign cd t h i chgn mdt ddng tfl chi hdnh ddng tudng flng (hdnh dgng ciuan sdt dugc) vdi bdc muc tieu eac llnh virc cdn mong dgi Vi du: Muc tieu bdc - Ngu dugc tinh chcdt vat li chung cua kim loai (tinh deo, ddn nhiet, ddn dien, anh kim) Neu dugc tinh chat hda hgc ddc trUng ciia kim loai la tinh khfl Biit dugc khdi nic^m vi cap oxi hda - khfl cua kim loai Ngu dugc ,v nghia eua day t h i dien cue chuan cua kim loiii - Giai dugc cac bai tap vi kirn loai Muc tieu bdc - Gidi thich dflpc ngu.ven nhan gay tinh chat vdt II dd Giai thich dugc tai kim loai t h i hie^n tinh khfl Trinh bay dugc kha nang phan flng cua mgt s6 kim loai vdi dung dich muoi Trinh bay duge thfl tfl cua ddy the dien cflc chudn eua kim loai - So sdnh duge tinh oxi hda khfl Xac dinh dflgc chiiu ciia phan flng oxi hda khfl Miic tieu bdc 143 Ngu.ycui Thi Kim Thiuih - Trinh bily vii giai thieh dUdc- tinh chat, vat li rieng eiia kirn loiii (nhiet ndng eliii.v linh (-flng ) Giai thie-h dfle.Je (-0 ehi pluii sinb ddng clicMi tremg pin dien hda Tuih vil giiii tliieh dUde- suat dien dgng ciiii pin dien hda ludn la so dUdng Tuih ditOe the dien cUe e-buiiii eiiii ciip oxi hda khfl biel suat diiui cldng chuan Clia pin eli(;^ii lioii Tigu (-hi Id ea(- iir mieu lii mflc thflc hi(wi banh vi ed I hi thoa man ne)i dung Clia hiinh vi dd Thong thfldng, t ien ehi diHie dic'-n tii dfldi dcarig e:on sd tdi thiiu, lioili- hiinh (long mio dd duge- xem la toi thic'u .Vliu- lieu sau mdi biii lu.x- phiii dugc sdp xej) lai vdi nhfl: Diiu kien Sail lige- xong bai Ti.nli chdt cua kim, loai Ddy didn lida cda kim loai, ngfldi hgc sc'' Dfla vao da>- dii^n hda ciia kim loai ngUdi hgc sc"* Di.ra vko day dien hda cua kim loiii, ngUdi hgc se Dgng tfl chi hiinh \ i giai thieh dugc ngu\-(''n nhdn gay di.r dodn duge- va \iet dudc so sanh ducR: T i i ' i i e-hi tinh eh'o, elan nhiet ddn dign dub kim cua kim Idai tinh khu ciia kim loai chieu e lia phan flng gifla cdp oxi hda - khfl tinh khfl cua eae- kim loiii \il tinh oxi boa ciia cdc ion kim loai Nhu vay, viee xdc dinh nu.ic tieu chi tiit cho tflng bai bgc lam cd sd cbo viec xay di.rng ki hoach day hgc ndi e-huiig va soan gido an cho timg bdi hoe- ndi rigng Cd nhiiu hinh thflc soan giiio an kluie nhau, thugc vao muc dich hgc tap, nhu e-au hgc tii]; dieu kien (-(J sd \ilt chat eiia nha trUdiig ma ed dcing ehinh nhu sau: Giao an thudng dung dk day hgc imlt eiieli thong thudng nhdt ma bat cfl ngudi giivo vien nao bude vko nghi diu triii epia Giao an thudng cd the dfldc soiiu cho biit e-fl bai Hda bgc- nao theo Siich giao khoa cd ban hoac ndng cao va cung phdi dat dugc chudn kiin thflc ki uang Bd Gido due- va Dao tiio qui dinh Giao an nghign c-flu thfldng dirge soiin de day cho eac ldp nang cao hodc cho c-ac- ldp chuyen Hda Giiio an nghign cflu duge soan thao theo gdi y sau: -T Ten d i tdi -I- Li clo chgn dk tiii y nghia ciiii de"^ tai Mi.ie- tieu nglii("'n e-flu Doi tugng nghien cflu • Nhiem \i.i nghien cflu -i Phuong phdp nghien cflu; Pbudng phdp xfl li so lieu 144 Ren ki ndny nghi nghiep cho gido vien dgy mon Hoa hgc d triCdng trung hgc phd thdng + Dfl kiin Ccdu true cua ban bdo cdo d i tdi nghign cflu (dung lUdng, each thdng ke tai lieu tham khao, each rut nhan tfl kit qua nghiem e:flu) Gido dn di.r an thirdng dung cho eae khdi (huven dae biet la chuygn Hda Gido an di.r dn dUdc soan thao theo gdi y sau: -Y- Ten dfl an 1- Chu dfl an (gido vien) -f K i hoiich thi.rc hien (gido vien, hgc sinh) + Phuong tien thfle hien f Hgp ddng hgc tap (gido vien va ho(- sinh) 4- Bdo Ciio nghiem thu (bdo (iio ddnh gid kit qua, li hgp dong) Ciic hinh thflc to chflc day hgc: hgc trgn ldp (thuyit trinh thao ludn nhdm, md phdng ddng \ai); tu hgc ed hudng ddn hodc tfl hgc Tfl mue tieu chi tiit cua bdi day se quyit dinh qui trinh day hgc: ngi dung day hgc, hinh thfle td chflc day hgc, phudng phdp day hgc, hinh thflc kiim tra ddnh gid kit qua day hgc Trong dd: \Ii.ic tigu diiy hgc: Id cdn cfl dk gido vign bra chgn vd sdp xip cdc ngi dung day hgc cho mgt bai cu t h i flng vdi mi.ic tigu bac 1, hodc - Mi.ic tigu d^l.^' hgc la cdn cfl dk lfla chgn hinh thflc td chflc day hgc, phUdng phdp phfldng tie^n, cong cu day hgc nhU: - Ngi dung flng vdi mue tieu bdc thudng day dudi hinh thflc tfl hgc, vdi sir hfldng ddn vk kigm tra ddnh gid cua giao vign -^ Ndi dung flng vdi muc tieu bdc cd t h i day trgn ldp theo phfldng phdp thuyit trinh, van ddp cd flng dung CNTT + Ngi dung flng vdi miic tigu bdc cd t h i day theo phfldng phdp lam viec nhdm, xemina - Muc tieu day hgc la cdn cfl d i gido vien thiit ki cdc hinh thflc kiim tra ddnh gid cd doi chiiu kit qua hgc tap vdi miic tigu day hgc 2.2.3 Sxi d a n h gia va d a n h gia cai t i e n Sau mdi bdi giang, mdi hgc ki, mdi nam hgc gido vign ghi chep lai ldi nhdn xet cua ddng nghiep, cua ngfldi hgc hay cam tfldng cua minh, dd Id nhflng tfl beu quy d i gido vign rut kinh nghiem, cd ki hoach cai tiin kl ndng nghi nghiep cua ban thdn Co sd xay dflng ke hdach ddnh gid cdi tien thfldng Id thdng tin phdn hdi tfl phia hgc sinh; tfl cdc bdi kiim tra; kit qua hgc tap cua hgc sinh sau mdt ndm hgc; kit qua ddnh gia cua ddng nghiep sau dfl gid, cua cdn bd quan li td, trfldng hodc cua chinh gido vign 145 Ngiiyein Thi Kim Thdnh Kit luan Thdng qua viec thfldng xu.yen trai nghigm qui trinh day hgc giup giao vien cd Viii trd chii dgng cdng viec- gicdng dj^y ciia minh vd lam cho hg thdy yen nghe bgn dcing thdi t^o cho giao vien cd hdi cung nhfl trach nhiem phat triin nhflng kiiih nghiem rieng nghi nghiep c-iia minh nhdm dcdo tao nhflng ngfldi phat triin toiin dien ddp flng sfl nghiep e-gng nghigp hda vd bign dai hda ddt nflde TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] 2010 Tdi lieu hfldng dan si'r dung chudn kiin thflc kl ndng day hgc Hda hgc Trfldng Dai hgc Sfl ph nine tieu indn Hda hgc-, giiio vien tien hdnh soan giao dn cho tflng... ThuL Ihl V IIIIMMIfillMIII 1—> Kc hoach bai day < Mi,ic ttcu hai da\ 4^ l.i,iu chon sap xep n()i dung d j \ hix; ^ Lira chon hinh ihirc lo chirc dgy h(,K; phuong phap phirimg lien, cong eu, kiem