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U tUAN aiAO Dm • P»Y H9C T H P TRHRG HHRn THifC U^ GIRO DUC Gifl TRj SORG CUA SINH VIEN THITÎ NG DAI HOC SIT PHAIVI HA NOI O ThS TRAN TH! C A M TU" Ngdy nay, gidng vien khdng chi Id ngudi gldl ve chu[.]
U tUAN aiAO Dm • P»Y H9C T H P TRHRG HHRn THifC U^ GIRO DUC Gifl TRj SORG CUA SINH VIEN THITI^NG DAI HOC SIT PHAIVI HA NOI O N gdy nay, gidng vien khdng chi Id ngudi gldl ve chuyen mdn, nghiep vy md cdn Id ngt/dl djnh hudng gid M (GT) cho sinh vidn (SV), cho t h i he h-d Myc tieu cua gido di/c gid trj sing (GDGTS) Id giup ngi/dl hgc nhgn thi/c dung ddn v l cde GT, nhu: hda binh, tdn h-gng, yeu thuong, khoan dung, trdch nhidm, dodn kit ; giljp moi ngudi cd co hdl dugc IrdI nghidm cdc gid trj sd'ng (GTS) vd thay ddl hdnh vl tfch eye cho bdn thdn vd cho cdng d i n g N d l cdch khde, GDGTS giup phdl h-lln ndng lyc cOo l:>dn thdn vd xdy di/ng mgt xd hgi td't dep hem GDGTS cho sinh vidn su phgm (SVSP) edng cd y nghTa ddc bidt hon h-ong xd hgi ngdy ncrv, hgc dudng dang phdl dd'i didn vdi rdt nhleu vd'n d l nhu b g o li/c hge dudng, cdc Id ngn xd hdl, dp It/c cude sd'ng, mdl djnh hudng eugc sd'ng, Id'i sd'ng budng ihd, thilu y thi>c ddl vol ede vd'n d l c6 tinh egng ddng Viec eung cdp cdc tri thuc GTS se gdp phdn giup sinh vidn (SV) phdng ngOa, ngdn chdn, gidl auyet dugc cdc tinh h-gng ddng t>do dgng d d , ddng thdi g d p phdn thuc ddy St/ hodn thien nhdn edeh cuo cdc nhd gido tuong loi, xdy dt/ng dgng It/c phdn ddu tfch cue cho nghe nghidp, h/ dd gdp phdn ndng eao chd't lugng gido dye todn didn cOo cdc h-udng dgi hoc su pham ' Khd'i q u d i v l GDGTS Vd'n de gido dye GT ndl chung vd GTS ndl ridng dugc cdc nudc chu y d i n Kr vdi thdp kl cudi t h i kf tnroc D i n cudi t h i kf )CXI ddu t h i kl XX, mgt sd nudc d d cd chuong hinh, td ehijc chuydn hdch v l gido dye GT Vdo thdng / 9 , hai hv sd UNICEF, hon 20 nhd gido d t ^ h-dn khdp chau lye dd dugc mdl tham gia hdl thdo v l Chuong trinh GDGTS (LVEP) Den thdng / 0 , Chuong H n h LVEP d a dugc phd b l ^ h-dn 8.000 dja dl&n thude qudc gia khde trdn the gidl nhdm keu ggi sy d i i a sd cdc GT eho mgt the gidl tol dep hon ThS TRAN TH! C A M TU" Vidt N a m , GDGTS cdn Id mdt vdn de khd mdi md Tuy nhidn, Irong vdi ndm trd tgi day, viec dua ndl dung GDGTS vdo nhd hvdng dugc ede nhd qudn li gido dye quon Idm non Dd ed mdl sdcdng h-inh nghidn cuu v l GTS, song ehua cd cdng hrinh ndo nghidn ct/u sdu ve GDGTS cho SVSP V I mdt khdl nidm GDGTS, d tmh vt/c gido dye hgc, chOng tdi eho rdng: GDGTS Id qud hinh nhd gido dye tdc dgng, kfeh thfeh, hi/dng dSn ngudi dugc gido dye, glOp hg h/ nhdn thuc, c6 thdi trdn trgng vd tfch ct/c t h i hidn nhi/ng GT cua bdn thdn vol loo ddng n g h i nghidp, vdi nhung ngt/dl khde, vdi the gldl xung quanh vd vdi bdn thdn - khdeh i h l cOo hogt ddng GTS vd chO t h i cOa hogI ddng h/ GDGTS Nghidn ci>u budc d d u v l GDGTS T l l p can cdc hogI ddng mang Knh IrdI nghidm vd cdc phuong phdp thi/e hdnh giup ngudi hoc cd dieu kien iJidm phd vd phdl t r i l n 12 GT cdn t>dn cua cd nhdn ( H d o binh, Tdn trgng, Yiu thuong, Khoan dung, Trung tht/c; Khiim tdn; Hgp tdc; Hgnh phuc; Trdch nhiem; Gidn dl; Ti/ do; Dodn kifl cOo Chuang hinh GEX}TS (LVEP), chung tdi d d hen hdnh nghidn ei/u trdn 118 SV cdc khoa (Tdm li - Gido dye hgc, Vdt It, Ljch su) cuo Trudng DHSP Hd N d l , d l ttm h i i u nhdn thi>c cOa SV ve tdm quon trgng cuo GDGTS ddl vdi st/ phdt triln nhdn cdch vd eugc sdng cuo SV, ngi dung G1X5TS, phuong phdp GDGTS, hinh tht/c td chuc GDGTS, cde nguydn nhdn d n h hudng dd'n GDGTS Phucmg phdp nghien cuu chu yeu Id dieu tro bdng bdng hdl, phdng vd'n sdu K i t qud nhu sou: 1) Thf/c trgng nhdn ihuc vd vai trd GDGTS cua SVSP Q u o nghidn cuu, ehung tdi nhdn t h ^ , ti Id SV ddnh g i d vol trd rdt quon cOa GDGTS mt/c kha coo: d / l 18 SV (56,8%); * TrtfligfiaihQC sf PMH la N^ Tap chi Blao due so 8 (k* a • •/aoiai / 1 SV (39,8%) cho rdng, GDGTS cd vol h-d quon h-gng; chl mdt ti 1$ rd't nhd / 1 SV (3,4%) cho rdng GDGTS dnh hudng d muc dd binh riiudng v d khdng cd It/a chgn ndo cho r d n g GDGTS khdng cd vol h-d quan h-gng Xung quanh vd'n d l vol trd cOo GDGTS ddl vdi SVSP, % SV duge hdl cho rdng GDGTS giup h g cd thdm ddng c o d l hdnh dgng theo hudng tfch ct/c; 36,4% cho rdng GDGTS glOp SV phdt h-lln todn didn v l cdc mdt: t h i chd't, Hnh thdn, cdm xiic vd vol h-d x d hdl; 15,3% ddnh g i d GDGTS gitjp SV dS ddng hdo nhdp cgng d d n g ; cd hai tr Id hrong ddl thdp, d d Id: GC)GTS giup gdn nhirng GTS vdi GT n g h i nghidp d l cd GTS h-ong Irudng su phgm vd nhdn thi/c h/ong ddl ddy du v l y nghTa eOo GDGTS Hdu h i t SVSP ddnh gia cao vol h-d GDGTS gdn l i l n vdi sy phdl h l l n v d hodn t h i f n nhdn cdch bdn thdn nhldu hon Id vol h-d h-ong vide phdt h-len n g h i nghidp hrong lai vd cdi thidn md'i quon he su phgm h-ong h-udng hgc 2} Tht/c trgng nhdn thtic vi n^l dung GDGTS cua SVSP Cdn et/ vdo Idn sud't xud't hidn cuo GT dugc SV ddnh g i d , chung tdi ed k l l qud nhl/ sou: - Vi ngi dung GDGTS: GT yeu thuong dugc cdc l:>gn SV lya chgn n h l l u nhdl (xIp thi/ 1); GT tdn trgng {xep tht> 2); GT trdch nhidm (xep iht/ 3) N h u n g ndl dung GDGTS il dugc SV quon tdm Id GT gidn dl (xep lhi> 12); GT hgp tdc ( x I p tht/ 11); GT tl/ da ( x I p thi/ 10); - V I muc dd bleu hien cdc GT cua cdc bgn SV: Cdc GT dugc SV b i l u hidn d m t k cao boo gdm: GT fon trgng (xep lhi> 1); GT ydu thuong ( x I p tht/ hoi); GT hda binh (xep iht/ 3) Cdc GT cdn lgi nhu: GT hgp tdc (xep tht/ 12), GT khoan dung ( x I p tht/ 11); GT khiSm ton {xip tht) 10) Id nhOng GT ft duge b i l u hidn Irong odi sd'ng cua SV Nhdn iht/c v l ndl dung GDGTS vd muc b i l u hidn cdc ndl dung d d ed sy khde bidt Tuy nhidn, SV cd sy bieu hidn thudng xuydn vdi cde GT md cdc bgn cho Id quon trgng nhd't nhi/ yeu thuong, tdn h-gng Tren thyc te, ed nhieu bgn SV chua tnye sy hieu ndl hdm cdc GT ndy vd b i l u hidn cua cdc GT nhir t h i ndo vide hodn thidn bdn thdn vd phdt trien cdc md'i quan hd vol mgi ngudi theo hudng tfch cyc 3) Tht/c trgng nhdn thdc vi hinh tht^c ti chdc C^XJTS cua SVSP Cdn cu vdo tdn sudlxudt Tap chi Blao due so 8 (k* a • g/aoia) hidn cdc hinh thuc td cht/c GDGTS duoe SV lya chgn, chung tdi cd l)dng sd lieu {xem bdng 1) Bdng Nhgn thuc ve hinh ihuc tichuc GDGTS Kmh Ihirc Milrc 6it thuc hi^n t6 chiic Thuflng xuvfin TTiinh Ihoinq Khdng giiio dMC SL SL SL a 38 32.2 67 56.78 13 b 13 11.02 79 66.95 26 c 60 50,85 50 42.37 % d e 15 12 12.71 10.17 % 43 36.44 51 43.22 60 55 bao gid % 11.02 22.03 6.76 50.85 46.61 bac Ghi chii: o Cdc hoqt dgng t^p thi; b Cdc buoi tga ddm; c Cdc gid hoc trSn lop thong quo cdc mon hgc; d Cdc gid hgc cua cdc tdm GDGTS; e Cdc cdu Igc bg cua trudrig Bdng / cho t h ^ , hinh thuc td chuc GDGTS dugc SVSP St/ dyng thudng xuyen nhdt Id cdc gid hgc tren Idp thdng quo cdc mdn hgc ( x I p tht/ 1); quo cdc hogt ddng Idp the {xip tht/ 2); hinh thuc thdng quo cdc g i d hgc cOo cdc frung tdm GDGTS dugc ft SV lya chgn Nhin chung, cdc bgn SV da lya chgn cdc hinh ihuc GDGTS cd hl^u qud Ndl dung GDGTS dd dugc chuyin tdi il nhleu thdng quo cdc mdn chung khde eua nhd trudng (Chinh Iri, Tdm If hgc, Gido dye hge, } Tuy nhlen, mdn GDGTS ehua duge duo vdo nhd h-udng vdi h/ cdch Id mgt mdn hgc chfnh khoa; vi vdy, vide tht/c hidn ndl dung GDGTS chua dugc thyc hl^n mgt edeh khoa hgc vd thd'ng nhdt 4) Tht/c trgng nhdn thdc vi nhOng yiu ti dnh hudng din hl$u qua GDGTS cOa SVSP Cd rd'l nhleu yd'u td dnh hudng d i n hieu qud GDGTS d cdc mue dg khde Trong dd, nhi/ng yeu id chu quon nhu SV chua ihuc si/ quan tdm vol vd'n d l ndy c h i l m tf Id h/ong doi cao Ngodi ro, cdc y l u td mang Knh tchdeh quan nhu G!X}TS Id mgt van di mdl ddl vol gidng vidn vd SV, thdi gian hgc tap bj hgn chi, ddi ngu gido vidn chua dugc boi audng kiin thuc vi GDGTS mdl cdch ddng bd, chua cd nhleu thdng tin, tdi lldu ve GDGTS, chua cd sy phoi hgp chdt chd git/o cdc hogt ddng GDGTS vd cdc phong h-do cuo Dodn nidn, Hdl SV K l l qud nghien cuu cho t h ^ , nhleu SVSP da ed nhdn tht>c dung ddn v l vol kd cuo GDGTS ddl vdi sy phdt hien nhdn cdch cOa bdn thdn vd budc ddu d d ed nhiing h i l u b l ^ ve ngi dung cdc GTS eo bdn nhung edn chua ddy du vd sdu sde, chi dung Igi d cdch hieu mong Hnh cdm quan ve ngi dung ede GT Vl vgy, SVSP cht^i ndm dugc cdch thtic d l b i l u hidn cdc GT ndy frong vide xdy dt/ng # mdt cuge sdng tdt dep hon nhu t h i ndo Trdn thyc t l , GDGTS ehua dugc thyc hien rgng rdi vd cd h'nh dong Ixi hong frudng su f ^ g m vl vdy vdn d l GDGTS cdn dugc quan tdm mdt cdch sdu sdc hon Tu k i t qud nghien ct/u ndi trdn, chung tol c d mgt sd kiin nghj: - Cdn b d sung GT sdng tgo vdo he thd'ng GT cdn bdn D l SV cd t h i Hep nhgn ngi dung cdc GTS hieu qud hon, c d t h i sdp xdp 12 GT eo bdn theo myc dich hgc tap dyo trdn cdc h-y cot gido dye UNESCO duo ro: + Hge de Idm: Trdch nhidm, Hgp tde, Sdng tgo; + Hge d l khdng djnh bdn thdn: Khldm tdn, Gidn dj, Ty do, Hgnh hue; + Hge d l cung c^ung sd'ng: Hdo binh, E)odn It, Ydu thuong, l