̂̂ f^ jimmm£''''m^& •^••W>^iM DailvaHiK JSGAY VAV Can JMC yeu to'''' giofi tfnh va van hoa trong tai lieu giang day tig''''ng Anh ThS DINH NGOC THCJY Dai hpe SU pham TP HCM I Tong quan Viec giing day tieng Anh[.]
-^^ f^.:jimmm£'m^&- •^••W>^iM DailvaHiK _ _ JSGAY VAV Can JMC yeu to' giofi tfnh va van hoa tai lieu giang day tig'ng Anh ThS DINH NGOC THCJY Dai hpe SU pham TP HCM I Tong quan Viec giing day tieng Anh n g i y tai Viet Nam can phai lam eho ngUdi hpe ed kha nang giao tiep xuyen van hoa va tang eUdng tim h i l u ve mat van hoa v i eon ngUdi eiia c i c nUdc tren the gidi Tuy nhien thUe t i l n eho tha'y viee giang day tieng Anh ehi ngUng lai b viee p h i n tich ngdn ngQ thi ngUdi hpc se khdng hieu dUde nhieu tang nghTa ciia bai dpc hay b i i ndi v i khdng tha'y h i t dUde eai hay eai sau s i c ve mat van hoa eua ngiJdi viet hay ngUdi ndi NhQng n i m gan day phUdng phap giao tie'p trd nen biln, c i c van de giao tiep 6e thinh cdng va cac hoat ddng hay tU lieu giang day phii thUe te thu vj dUde nha'n manh G i i o vien cd y thUe hdn ve viec td ehUe eae hoat ddng v i chpn nhOng t i i lieu eung nhU bai tap thUe t i l n hdn giiip hpe sinh tien bd Mdt nhQng tai lieu la c i e bai dpc that trfch tQ sach, b i o , cae b i i ndi that nhU eae phit bieu eiia cac n h i n vat ndi tieng, b i i hit, hay phim v.v chQ khdng chi l i nhQng gl viet s i n sach NhQng t i i lieu gay thu vj eho ngUdi hpe vl nd t h i n thudc, thdi sU v i g i n lien vdi eupc sd'ng Nd giup ngUdi hpc tha'y dUdc nhQng gl hp dang hpe dUdc sQ dung the n i d thUe t i l n Tuy nhien, n l u chi ngQng lai b mQc dd ngdn ngQ thi t i i lieu dd ehUa phit huy het eai hay v i cai hQu ich Vf du nhu giao vien cho hpe sinh nghe mpt b i i nghe va ehi ngUng lai d mUc dd luyen ky nang nghe, hpc tU mdi thi ngUdi hpc ehUa thau hieu h i t nhieu tang nghTa va g i i trj van h o i b i i ndi ay B i i b i o n i y thdng qua viec phan tfeh b i i ndi ciia De Nha't Phu Nhan, Michelle Obama ma giao vien tieng Anh ed t h i i p dung eho tiet nghe nhin d Idp de tha'y dUde cai hay ve ngdn tQ va van h o i II Anh hufdng cua van hoa va gidi tfnh len ngfin tiir V i o nhQng nam dau the ky 20, Saussure v i Chomsky da djnh nghTa ngdn ngQ language la sU k i t hdp eiia c i e tu m i nghTa eua chung l i ddc lap vdi ngQ canh Vao nhQng n i m 90, quan niem n i y lai ddi l i p vdi nhQng nghien cQu khdng ehi nginh ngdn ngQ hpc ma edn tQ dia hat cua nhieu nginh khoa hpe khac nhif nhan chung hpe, triet hpe, v.v Dd phai k l den Malinowski (1923), Bakhtin (1924), Voloshinov (1929), Sapir (1929), v i Mc Carthy (2001) bdi theo hp, ngdn ngQ khdng the tach rdi vdi van hda va hoan canh xa hdi Chfnh van hod v i van canh quyet djnh ngdn ngQ d nhieu cap dp: cap cau (sentence level) va cap dp van ban (discourse level) Ngoai ra, hai yeu td n i y edn anh hUdng den y niem dUpc long ghep vao ngdn ngQ sQ dung Khai niem ngdn ngQ la mdt khii niem kha rdng vd nhieu djnh nghTa da dUde dUa nhUng ed t h i l i y djnh nghTa cua Kluckhdlm & Strodtbeck (1961) v i Seollon & Seollon (2001) lam xua't phat diem Theo Seollon & Seollon, van h o i la mdt thiet che xa hdi n i o dd bao gdm c i e gia trj cudc sd'ng, ea cd sd tang v i k i l n true thUdng tang, v i nhQng quan niem v i niem tin eiia eon ngUdi Theo Kluckholm & Strodtbeck, van hda nen dUdc phan tich dudi nam djnh hUdng: Djnh hudng ve ban ehat eiia eon ngUdi (Human nature orientation) Djnh hudng ve md'i quan he giQa ngUdi vd thien nhien (Human being-nature orientation) Djnh hudng ve hoat ddng ciia ngUdi (Activity drientation) Djnh hudng ve thdi gian (Time orientation ) Djnh hudng ve md'i quan he giOa ngUdi v i ngUdi edng ddng (Relational (or human relations) orientation) (tr.11) Theo dinh hUdng thU nha't, tich each, tang Idp xa hdi va gidi tinh v.v cd vai trd quyet djnh Bai nghien cufu ve anh hUdng cua gidi tinh den each diing tQ cung nhU c i c h dien dat ngdn ngQ thdng qua viec phan tich b i i ndi ciia De Nha't Phu Nhan Michelle Obama v i d 25 thing nam 2008 tai Denver, My trude n g i y tdng thdng Obama tranh cQ Van de ve ngdn ngQ v i gidi tlnh that da dUde Lakott (1975), Holmes (1992), Cameron (2000), v i Tannen (2006) nghien cQu kha ky NhQng dac tinh noi bat ve each D^P)|Cs68^ ndi ciia ngUdi nQ dUdc Lakoff khai q u i t hoa nhU sau: - sil dung tQ nUdc ddi - sQ dgng c i u hdi tu tU l§n giong cau khang dinh - sir dung tfnh tU hoa my - sQ dgng tU chj m i u sac - sif dgng tQ t h i hien ci'p dd nhu rat la, q u i u l i - sQ dgng cau dUng ngQ p h i p - thien ve Idi ndi ljch sU nhU sif dung eau giin tiep hay cich ndi tranh ndi giam - trinh sif dgng tU khdng hay - thudng nha'n manh nhOng d i l m quan trpng (tr 232) Nhu vay cd t h i tha'y each sQ dung ngdn tU v i d i i n dat eua ngUdi nO t h i hien vai trd v i tfnh c i c h tieu b i l u eiia hp: dn h o i , hdp t i e v i nha n h i n III Anh hudng ciia gidi tinh v i van hoa len each diin dat ngdn ngQ ciia Michelle Obama Bai ndi eiia ba Michelle nhan dUdc sU iing hd tan ddng eiia ngudi dan My cung nhu the gidi v i sU ngdi khen tQ c i e n h i ehuyen mdn Cd dUde cdng l i ba d i i n thuyet vdi vai trd mdt ngUdi vd mdt ngUdi phu nQ chQ khdng phai l i mdt ehinh trj gia v i nhQng dac tfnh ve ngdn tQ cua ngUdi phu nQ da dUde b i khai thie td'i da va Idng ghep v i o dd c i c gia trj tinh than va van hoa ciia ngUdi dan My d cap eau (sentence level): Bai ndi eiia Michelle cd sU cham chut v i lUa chpn ve dai tQ va tinh tQ Theo Eckert & Me Connell (1989), ngUdi nQ thUdng chudng sU hPp t i e hdn la canh tranh, h o i binh hdn l i hieu chien N l u nhu b i i ndi ciia Barack Obama dung da sd dai tQ "I" (tdi) d l khang dinh e i i tdi ea n h i n day quyet tam v i thich thQc thi Michelle toan diing dai tQ "we", "us", "our' (chiing ta) d l ndi len eai chung v i sU ddng Idng Cae tinh tQ ma Michelle dung rat da dang va hoa my improbable journey (cupe hanh trinh day gian nan), extraordinary president, (vj tdng thdng tuyet vdi), greatest joys, (niem vui tdt dinh), painstakingly dress (an mac ehu dao), peering anxiously (nhin day lo ling), affirming embrace (eai dm manh me) Ngoii ra, sU hdp tie, tinh doan kit, tinh on h o i eiia ngudi phg nQ eung dUde Michelle the hien qua c i c h dimg danh tQ eua b i Trcng bai ndi Michelle nhi'n manh rat nhieu lan sdi day lien he giQa gia dinh ba v i gia dinh Obama, giQa gia dinh hp vdi c i c gia dinh ngUdi My binh thudng khac, giQa the he v i the he trUdc Dd dd, b i da sQ dung rat nhieu lan "the thread" (s