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Nguyen Thi Trd My Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 87(11): 37-41 A N H H U O N G C U A Y E U T O GlOil T I N H D E N MLfC D O T A P T R U N G T U N G i r VA V I E C SU D U N G C A C PHLTONG T H L T C CAU T A O TlT CUA D O I T U O N G S I N H V I E N Nguyen Thj Tra My* : • ,, Truang Dai hoc Khoa hoc - DH Thai Nguyen TOM T A T Thong qua mgt sd thuc nghiem vdi nhu-ng ket qua cu the, bai viet gdp phan chi nhung tac ddng nhat dinh cua yeu td gidi tinh den mirc tap trung tii' ngu' va viec sir dung cac phuong thiic cau tao tir ciia ddi tugng sinh vien Cu the, bai viet se lam ro miic tap trung tii' ngu' ciia nam va nir sinh vien lien tudng tu va tao lap van ban Ben canh dd, bai vilt cdn khao sat nhung van ban hai gidi tao lap de chi nhu'ng phuong thirc cau tao tii' dugc mdi gidi ua diing Tir nhung ket qua nghien ciiu nay, bai viet mudn gdp them nhung minh chiing va bien giai lam sang td hon mdi quan he tac ddng hai chieu giira gidi tinh va ngdn ngu' ndi rieng, giua ngdn ngir va xa hgi ndi ehung Til- khoa: Gioi tinh, ngon ngir, tic ngir, phuang thuc cdu tgo tic, sinh vien Ngdn ngii' dugc xem nhu la "tam guong soi ciia xa hdi", la "chiec han thir bieu de nhan thiic cua xa hdi" ve mgi mat ddi sdng ciia ngud'i cac xa hgi khac nhau, d tirng giai doan Ijch su' khac [5] Xa hdi thay ddi thiic day ngdn ngfr phat trien de ghi lai va phan anh nhung bien chuyen dd So vdi ngii' am va ngu' phap, tii' vung thudng duge eoi la binh dien ngdn ngir cd sy thay ddi nhanh nhat O Viet Nam, nghien cuu lien nganh dang dugc cac nha ngdn ngu' hge rat quan tam Ben canh xu hudng nghien ciru xuyen van hoa (cross-cultural), lien van hoa (intercultural), xu hudng nghien cuu ve ban chat xa hdi cua ngdn ngu' ndi chung ngdn ngir gidi ndi rieng cung da va dang dugc chii y nhung nam viia qua Day chinh la hudng nghien cuu da nganh va lien nganh nham giai quyet "cac van de vdn rat hap dan va phong phii nhung khdng he de dang ve mdi quan he giiia ngdn ngir va xa hdi dae biet la quan he giifa ngdn ngu' va gidi tinh" [5] Ciing vdi cac nhan td nhu dja vj, quan he xa hdi bdi canh van hda, sy phat trien kinh te, giao due, tudi tac, nghe nghiep, trinh van hda gidi tinh cung ed nhung anh hudng nhat djnh din thai ngdn ngu (bao gdm ca tinh ' Tel: 0983 732638 than va hanh vi) ciia eae ddi tugng khac xa hgi, cd ddi tugng sinh vien Bai viet gdp phan lam sang td mdi quan he gitia ngdn ngu' va gidi tfnh qua phuong dien; Anh hirdng cita yeu Id gldl llnh den mirc tap trung tir ngir (cu the Id tap trung tir) vd viec sir dung cdc phuang thirc cdu tgo tir ciia ddi lirgng sinh vien De lam rd van de nay, chiing tdi da tien hanh hai thye nghiem ngdn ngu' tren 200 sinh vien (100 nam va 100 nu) thude Khoa Van - Xa hgi, Trudng Dai hge Khoa hge, Dai hge Thai Nguyen A N H HUONG CUA YEU TO GI6I TJNH DEN MUC DO TAP TRUNG TUNGU' Thuc nghiem 1: Ngudi tien hanh thye nghiem chuan bj phieu de phat cho 100 thdng tin vien (50 nam va 50 nu) Mdi philu bao gom 30 tii' eho san (10 danh tir, 10 ddng tir, 10 tinh tir) Trong vdng 15 giay vdi mdi tii', khdng bj chi ph^ bd'i hoan canh xung quanh, thdng tin vien se ghi tat ea nhung tir xuat hien dau minh ma tii' da eho ggi Miic tap trung tir ngii lien tuong tudo Phan tich 100 phieu khao sat tap trung tii' ngir ciia hai gidi vdng 450 giay (15giay/tu'); (50 phieu eiia nam 50 phieu ciia nu) ket qua thu dugc nhu sau: 37 Nguyen Thi Trd My 87(11):37-41 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Bang Miic tap trung tir ngu' tu lien tudng tu ciia mdi gidi TB/ng/ TS til- Ti le % TB/ ng Nu 7570 60.03 151.4 20.18 Nam 5040 39.97 100.: 13.14 phut (Dan vi: tig Cac phieu dieu tra thu dugc cho thay vdng 7,5 phiit (30 tii' x 15 giay = 450 giay = 7.5 phut), trung binh nu gidi se huy ddng dugc 151,4 til', nam gidi se huy ddng dugc 100,8 til' Trung binh phiit nu' gidi se huy ddng dugc 20,18 tii' va nam gidi se huy ddng dugc 13,14 tir Nhu vay lien tudng ty do, trung binh muc tap trung tii' ngu ciia nii' cao hon nam la 1,53 lan (tire nhanh hon 7,04 tii'/phiit) Dieu cho thay, mac dii trinh va lira tudi ngang nhung vdn tii' ngu' tiem nang tu lien tudng ty cua nir gidi thudng phong phii hon nam gidi va kha nang huy ddng tir ngu' cua nu' gidi ciing nhanh hon nam gidi binh nu gidi huy ddng dugc 10,27 tir/phiit; cdn trung binh nam gidi huy dgng dugc 11,09 tii'/phut Nhu vay trung binh nam giai se huy ddng dugc nhieu ban ntr gidi 0,82 tir/phut - So vdi muc tap trung tii' ngu lien tudng ty do, muc tap trung va huy ddng tir ngu' cua ca hai gidi tao lap van ban deu thap hon kha nhieu Cy the: + Trung binh phiit, lien tudng ty do, nu gidi huy dgng dugc 20,18 tii'; tao lap van ban chi huy ddng dugc 10,27 tii' Ti le chenh lech la 1,96 lan; + Trung binh phut, lien tudng ty do, nam gidi huy dgng dugc 13.14 tii'; tao lap van ban huy ddng dugc 11,09 tir Ti le chenh lech la 1,18 Ian Bilu dl So sanh miie tap trung tii' vung trung binh eiia mdi gidi 251 Muc tap trung tir ngu tao lap van ban - Thuc nghiem 2: Ngud'i tien hanh thye nghiem ehuan bi san eac chii de (gia dinh tinh ban, tinh yeu, ly tudng, nghe nghiep ) de de phat cho 100 thdng tin vien (50 nam va 50 nu) Cac thdng tin vien chgn mdt eae chii de dd de tao lap mdt van ban hoan ehinh vdng 15 phiit Dua vao cac van ban nay, cluing tdi tinh duge mirc tap trung tii' ngu' ciia hai gidi vdi ket qua bang Bang Mii'c tap tii' ngfr van ban mdi gidi tao lap Do dai TB ciia VB (til-) TB/Ng/ 7708 154.16 10.27 8324 166.44 11.09 TS cau TS Nu- 445 Nam 383 til phut (til') Xet van ban hai gidi tao lap, tu lieu ciia cluing tdi cho thay: - Mirc tap trung va huy ddng tir ngu ciia nam gidi cao han nir gidi Cu the la: Trung Nfi Nam I D T r o n g v.'in k i n (S T r o n g LT lir ilo | (Dan vi: tu'phut) Sy giam xudng dang ke la do, tir viec huy ddng til' ngu' "tu duy" den viec sap xep chiing van ban theo chii de ddi hdi ca hai gidi phai mat nhieu thdi gian de lya chgn td ehii'c tii' ngu' theo nhiing "quy tac" nhat djnh Hay ndi each khac viec huy ddng tir ngu de tao lap van ban d mdi ngudi deu phai trai qua qua trinh "tu duy" de "chgn lya, sap dat" til' ngu ddng thdi theo ca hai quan he: quan he lien tudng va quan he tuyen tinh nham the hien dung dung y ciia ngud'i tao lap Nhtrng sd tren eung chi rang, viee tao lap van ban kha nang tap trung va huy ddng tii' ngu' ciia hai gidi kha deu va deu thap hon kha nhieu so vdi lien tudng ty Dieu cho thay, viec thye hien thaa tae "ngam" lya chgn, sap xep tir ngtr de to Nguyen Thi Trd My Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE chirc chiing theo nhirng quan he kit hgp nhat djnh tag van ban se mat thdi gian hon huy ddng chung mdt each ty Khdng nhung the, qua day, ehiing tdi eung nhan thay mdt dieu rat thu vj; Mac dii kha nang tap trung til' ngir eua nam gidi theo lien tudng ty khdng eao bang nu' gidi nhung mirc huy ddng, tap trung va td chuc tii' ngu' ciia hg viec tao lap van ban lai cao hon nu' gidi ve tdc Va sy chenh lech viee huy dgng til' ngu' eiia nam giu'a lien tudng ty va tao lap van ban cung thap ho'n sy chenh lech d nu' (nam chenh: 1,18 lan; nfr chenh 1,96 l^n) Nhu'ng sd lieu tren da phan nao chung td gidi tinh cung cd nhting anh hudng nhat djnh den thai ngdn ngii' cua nam va nu sinh vien hay ndi each khac viee tap trung tii' ngu' ciia nam va nu' khac mgt phan la sy chi phdi ciia nhan td gidi tinh Nha ngdn ngu hge R.Lakoff (1973) va GS Nguyin Van Khang da ed nhung kien giai ve nguyen nhan sau xa ciia van de nay: "Nu tinh khdng de thay ddi thai trung ciia minh ddi vdi ngdn ngti' Tinh each ciia hg tuong ddi bao tlui khdng gidng nam gidi Hg khdng di chech khdi gia trj ngdn ngu', mac dii hg ed the giao du it hon nam Man cam eua nu' gidi manh ban nam gidi." [4.tr.77] A N H H u d N G C U A Y E U T O GICJI T I N H DEN VIEC SU' DUNG cAc PHUONG THUC CAu TAO TU' Theo Le Dinh Tu, Vu Nggc Can; "Phuong thirc (PT) cau tao tir la each thuc va phuong tien ma cae ngdn ngu sir dung de tao cac kieu cau tao tii'"[8] Xet d cap chung nhat, cd the neu ba phuong thirc cau tao tir ehu yeu sau day: PT phu gia; PT ghep; PT lay 87(11): - sau: PT diing mdt tieng lam mdt tii' se cho ta cac til' don (hay tir don tiet) Mdt sd tac gia cdn ggi PT la PT tir hda hinh vi PT td hgp (ghep) cac tieng lai, ma giu'a cac tieng (thanh td cau tao) dd cd quan he vdi ve nghia se cho ta nhung tir ggi la tii' ghep PT td hgp cae tieng tren ea sd hoa phdi ngu am cho ta eac tir lay (tii' lap lay, tii' lay am) PT ket hgp mgt sd vdi mdt each ngau nhien, khdng dua tren quan he y nghTa va quan he hda phdi ngfr am (tii' ngau hgp) Nhung gidi han eiia bai viet, ehiing tdi xin khdng ban den nhdm tii' ngau hgp qua trinh khao sat [3, tr.142-152] Chiing tdi tiln hanh phan tich viec sii' dung cac PT eau tao tii' cua nam va nii' sinh vien theo quan diem ciia nhdm tac gia Mai Nggc Chii', Vii Diic Nghieu, Hoang Trgng Phien Ket qua khao sat, thong ke Chiing tdi su' dyng ket qua khao sat thu duge til'thye nghiem Phan tieh 100 phieu dieu tra ve miic tap trung tii' ngu' ciia 50 sinh vien nam va 50 sinh vien nu, chirng tdi thu dugc ket qua nhu sau (xem bang 3, bleu dd 2) Nhan xet Nhin vao bang khao sat (bang 3) va bieu dd (bieu dd 2), chimg tdi riit mdt sd nhan xet mang tinh djnh lugng nhu sau: - Ca hai gidi deu ua diing PT cau tao tir bang each td hgp cac tieng (theo quan he nghTa hoac quan he hda phdi ngti' am) PT diing mdt tieng lam mdt tii' chiem ti le rat nhd Vf du: nu' gidi: Sii' dung PT td hgp cac tieng chiem 88,37% , sii' dung PT diing mdt tieng lam mgt tir chiem 11.63% (3 nam gidi: Sii' dung PT td hgp eac tieng chiim 89,24% Tuy nhien, xet PT cau tao tir tieng Viet, su' dyng PT dimg mgt tieng lam mdt tir chiim nhdm tac gia Mai Nggc Chii', Vu Dire Nghieu 10,76% Hoang Trgng Phien lai quan niem cd cac PT Bang Viec sir dung cac phuong thiic cau tao tir ciia nam va nu sinh vien Tor Ig so PT cau tao til' Til PT t8 hg'P cac tieng PT diing tieng lam mot tir % Til % QH nghTa Til- % QH ngu am Til- % Nir 7570 100 881 1.63 6284 83.02 405 5.35 Nam 5040 100 542 10.76 4265 84.62 233 4.62 39 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Nguyen Thi Trd My Bilu dd Viec su dung cac phuang thirc cau tao tir ciia nam va nfr sinh vien 5284 7000 6000 ^ 42b5 5000^ 4000 3000 2000 1000 881 405 f n :i;i;^^ Nu- 542 7?.^ ^g^^^fa ^ Nam D PT dung Ueng lam tir • PT to hcrp cac tjeng Iheo QH nghia D PT t5 hcfp cac ueng theo QH ngu am - Xet PT td hgp cac tieng, hai gidi sii' dung PT td hgp cac tieng theo quan he nghTa (tao tir ghep) cao gap khoang den lan so vdi PT dimg mdt tieng lam mdt tii' va cao gap khoang tii' 15 den 18 lan PT td hgp cac tieng dua tren quan he hda phdi ngti' am (tao tir lay) Vi du: Nu' gidi sir dyng PT td hgp eac tieng theo quan he nghTa cao gap 7,16 lan PT diing mgt tieng lam mdt tir va cao gap 15,43 lan PT td hgp cae tieng theo quan he hda phdi ngu' am Nam gidi sii' dung PT td hgp eac tieng theo quan he nghTa eao gap 7,86 lan PT diing mdt tieng lam mdt tir va cao gap 18,34 lan PT td hgp cac tieng theo quan he hda phdi ngu' am Dieu na\' rat phii hgp vdi dac diem loai hinh don tiet ciia tieng Viet: Thudng tao tir mdi thdng qua phuang thiie td hgp cac tieng Dac biet la PT td hgp cac tieng dua tren quan he ve nghTa - Xet mdi tuang quan giua nam va nii', nu' thudng deu cd xu hudng su dung tat ca eac PT cau tao tir cao hon vdi nam gidi Cu the la: + PT diing mdt tieng lam mdt tir: nu' sir dung cao hon nam 1,61 lan (ntr: 881 tii' so \d'i nam: 542 tir) + PT td hgp cae tieng theo quan he nghTa: nii' su dung cao hon nam 1,47 ISn (nu'; 6284 tii' so \di nam: 4265 tir) + PT td hgp cac tieng theo quan he hda phoi ngu' am: nu' sir dung eao hon nam 1,75 lan (nfr: 405 tii' so vdi nam: 233 tir) 40 87(11): 37-41 Nhii-ng so lieu chirng td mirc tap trung, huy ddng tir ngu tu cua nii- gidi cao hon nam gidi Mat khac, nhieu nghien ciru da chi rang tu ciia chiing ta cd the dugc tugng hinh rd, cy the hda bang ngdn ngii chung dugc sap xep Khdng cd tir ngir, y tudng ciing khdng the dugc tao Tuy nhien, qua trinh tu cua ngudi thay ddi d tirng tudi va dugc phan anh ngdn ngtr C) tuoi trudng tu cua ngudi phat trien, thien ve ldi tu triru tugng, ddi hdi phai cd vdn ngdn ngu phong phii de ehua dyng, truyen tai het nhung phiic tap, da dang mgi khia canh ciia tu tudng Ddng thdi, nhtrng khac biet ve mat sinh bgc ciing cd nhung anh hudng den viec tu va sii dung ngdn ngu' ciia tirng ngudi ndi ehung, cua ddi tugng nam va ntr sinh vien ndi rieng Ngdn ngii khdng thugc ve rieng mgt giai tang, mdt gidi nao ma thudc ve toan xa hdi Nhung thye te, mdi gidi da, dang va se sii' dung ngdn ngii theo each rieng cua minh de hinh nen khai niem phuong ngir gidi tinh Sy hinh va bieu hien ciia ngdn ngir gidi tinh d mdi lua tudi la rat khac Chinh thien chiic, dja vj va tinh each cua mdi gidi da ddng mdt vai trd quan trgng viee hinh nen loai phong each ngdn ngu thii vj Do ngdn ngir va xa hdi cd moi quan he hai chieu nen qua ngdn ngtr chiing ta biet dugc nhiing quan niem (binh dang hay bat binh dang) ve gidi va ngugc lai, tir dd chiing ta hoan toan cd the gdp phan lam thay ddi quan niem ve gidi thdng qua viec tac dgng vao each su dung ngdn ngu ciia cac giai tang va mdi gidi xa hgi Thdng qua mdt sd thye nghiem vdi nhirng ket qua cu the, bai viet da phan nao chi nhung tac ddng cua ylu td giai tinh din miic tap trung tir ngu' va viec sir dung mgt sd PT cau tao tir ciia ddi tugng sinh vien Tir dd, bai viet gdp them nhirng minh chiing lam sang td ban mdi quan he hai chieu giiia gidi tinh va ngdn ngtr ndi rieng, gitia ngdn ngu va xa hdi ndi chung Nguyen Thi Trd My 87(11): 37-41 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O [1] Dd Hiru Chau (1986), Cdc binh dien cua tirvd tic liing Viet Nxb KHXH, Ha Ngi [2] Dd Huu Chau (1999), Tir vung - ngu- nghTa tieng Viet, Nxb Giao due, Ha Ngi [3] Mai Nggc Chir, Vii Dire Nghieu, Hoang Trgng Phien (2006), Ca sa ngdn ngic hoc vd tieng Viet, Nxb Giao due Ha Ngi [4] Nguyen Van Khang (1999), Ngon ngO- hoc xd hgi - Nhirng vdn de ca bdn, Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hdi Ha Ndi [5] Nguyen Van Khang (2011), Xa hdi hoc ngdn ngCr ve gidi; Su ki thi va su chdng ki thi ddi vdi nir gidi sir dung ngdn ngu', http://www.vienngonnguhoc.gov.vn/? act=Science &do=Detail&nid= 166 [6] Hoang Ba Thjnh (2008), Gido trinh Xd hgi hoc vi giai, Nxb DHQG HN, Ha Ndi [7] Nguyen Dire Ton (2008), Ddc trimg van hoa ddn tgc cua ngon ngfc vd tu duy, Nxb KHXH, Ha Ndi [8] Le Dinh Tu, Vu Nggc Can (2009) Nhcip mon ngon ngir hoc Ha Ndi SUMMARY IMPACTS OF GENDER FACTOR ON STUDENTS' W O R D CONCENTRATION A N D USE O F W O R D F O R M A T I O N S Nguyen Thi Tra My* College of Sciences - TNU Through some experimentations with concrete results, the article shows impacts of gender factor on the degree of word concentration and use of methods to compose preferred words of Vietnamese students Specifically, the article clarifies the degree of words concentration of both male and female students in freely connecting ideas and in creating texts Besides, the article also examines the texts created by students of each gender to indicate the specific methods that each gender prefers to compose words From the results of this study, this article contributes further evidences and explaination to clarify the mutual influence between gender and language in particular, and between language and society in general Key words: Gender, languague word, word formations, student ' Tel: 0983 732638 41 ... cdn trung binh nam gidi huy dgng dugc 11,09 tii'/phut Nhu vay trung binh nam giai se huy ddng dugc nhieu ban ntr gidi 0,82 tir/phut - So vdi muc tap trung tii' ngu lien tudng ty do, muc tap trung. .. dugc 11,09 tir Ti le chenh lech la 1,18 Ian Bilu dl So sanh miie tap trung tii' vung trung binh eiia mdi gidi 251 Muc tap trung tir ngu tao lap van ban - Thuc nghiem 2: Ngud'i tien hanh thye... khao sat thu duge til'thye nghiem Phan tieh 100 phieu dieu tra ve miic tap trung tii' ngu' ciia 50 sinh vien nam va 50 sinh vien nu, chirng tdi thu dugc ket qua nhu sau (xem bang 3, bleu dd 2)
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