DMvaHpC 307 JSCAYSAY 2011 21 KT nang giang day tren Idp phu hdp VGI phiTcfng thufc dao tao theo tin chi cua sinh vien trong thuic tap sir pham ThS Dl/dNG THI THOAN Trudng Dai hpe Hdng Dfle Xa hdi cang[.]
DMvaHpC 307 2011 JSCAYSAY 21 KT nang giang day tren Idp phu hdp VGI phiTcfng thufc dao tao theo tin chi cua sinh vien thuic tap sir pham ThS Dl/dNG THI THOAN Trudng Dai hpe Hdng Dfle X a hdi cang phat trien thi ehung ta cdng thay rd vai trd cua tri thUe ddi vdi su phdt trien xa hdi Ngay nay, tat ca cde qudc gia tren the gidi deu nhdn thfle rang: "Giao dud Id chia khda md dudng di vao tUdng lai, dau tu cho gido dye Id dau tfl cho phdt trien bin vflng cua mpi nen kinh te, vdn hda, xa hdi"p-') Nhan thfle rd vai trd quan trpng cua gido dye vd ddo t^o, tfl bat dau cdng eude ddi mdi Dang ta da khang djnh: Gido dgc Id muc tieu hang dau cija chien lupc phat trien kinh te xa hdi cfla dat nfldc Nghj quyet Trung Udng cfla Ban chap hanh Trung Udng Ddng Cdng san Vidt Nam khod VIII da chf ra: "Va'n de then chdt e£ia cdng nghidp hod, hien dai hod dd't nude Id phat trien ngudn nhan Ifle" Trong dd, gido dye vd ddo tao gifl vai trd then chdt, bho 6hm chat Ifldng ngudn nhdn lUe Ho^t ddng gido dye dao t^o vd hieu qua cua nd phu thupc vao ndng luc, pham chat cua ngudi gido vien Nha trUdng su pham can dao tao dpi ngu giao vien vfla "hdng" vfla "chuyen", cd kien thfle khoa hpe cd ban, ndng lye sfl pham d l trd ngfldi gido vien ed trinh dp eao Dieu ddi hdi phai "nang cao trinh dp dpi ngu edn bd giang day trUdng sU pham, nhat la ddi vdi cde mdn nghiep vu su ph^m" '''•'^' nham khdng chf trau ddi trinh dp khoa hpc cd b^n, kha nang nghien cflu khoa hpe md edn can ddc biet ehu trpng ren luyen tay nghe sU pham cho sinh vien thdng qua hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vy sU pham, dUde tien hanh tfl hpc sinh mdi vao trfldng cho den trfldng, ma tiep tyc diln sudt eude ddi day hpc, giao dye cua gido vien Theo bdo cdo tdng ket thfle tap sfl ph^m hang nam eua mdt sd TrUdng D?i hpe sU pham vd thfle tiin gido dye d cde trudng phd thdng cho tha'y sinh vien su pham va gido vien mdi trudng cdn yeu ve cde ky ndng nghiep vy sU pham, dd cd cac ky nang giang day De phat trien gido dye, trude hit phai ed dpi ngu gido vien gidi ve chuyen mdn, vflng vdng ve nghiep vy sfl ph^m Mudn cd dpi ngu ngu giao vien vfla "hdng" vfla "chuydn", cde nhd trfldng sfl pham phai xdy dflng ndi dung, chfldng trinh ddo tao th^t sfl khoa hpc, phu hpp vdi yeu cau eua thfle tiln phdt trien da't nude va thdi dgi M$t khde, ngdy sfl phat trien vUpt bdc cua khoa hpeky thu^t va cdng ngh§ da anh hudng Idn den nen gido dye Vi^t Nam vd thd gidi, Ifldng kidn thfle Idn khien cho phfldng thfle dao tao theo nien ehe cflng nhae, thu ddng khdng cdn phu hdp Xa hdi ddi hdi ede trfldng Dai hpc ndi ehung vd Dai hpc sfl pham ndi ndng "phai thfle sfl ddi mdi chfldng trinh, ndi dung, phfldng phdp dao tao Cdng tde quan ly dao tao theo hfldng bien qua trinh dao tao qud trinh ty ddo tao, gido dye dai hpc phai phdt huy tdi da tilm nang va kha nang eua ngfldi hpc, gdp phan ndng cao chat Iflpng ddo tao, nhanh chdng chuan bi dilu kien va chij ddng hdi nhap gido dye dai hpe qudc te, gido dye dai hpc phai thfch flng vdi kinh te thj trfldng'^"^' De dap flng dflpe nhflng ddi hdi nay, phfldng thfle ddo tao theo tin chf dflpe ede trfldng dai hpc, cao dang dp dyng nham phdt huy tfnh tich cfle, chu ddng cua ngudi hpe PhUdng thfle dao t^o va nhflng yeu cau eua nd da lam thay ddi vj trf, chfle ndng cua ngfldi gido vien tren Idp, ddi hdi ngfldi giao vien hien d^i phai hinh dfldc nhflng ky ndng d^y hpc mdi va ea nhflng ky nang day hpc tmyen thdng da dfldc djnh hinh thdnh trflde ddy eung phai cd nhung thay ddi nhat djnh ve ndi dung vd phfldng phdp eho phu hdp vdi sfl phdt trien cua xa hdi Vi vay, ve mat ly ludn can phai lam rd mdt sd van de: Phfldng thfle dao tao theo tfn chf; Ky nang giang day trdn'Idp phu hdp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chf Phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chi: Ld phfldng thfle dao tao linh hoat vd mem deo, dd sinh vien dfldc chfl ddng lap ke hoach va dang ky hpc tap, tich luy tflng phan kien thfle theo tien dp phu hdp vdi ndng Ifle va dilu kien eua ban than, nhd trfldng nhdm hoan thdnh chfldng trinh ddo tao de dfldc cap bang tdt nghiep Trong day hpe theo nien che, gido vien dp dung rat nhieu phUdng phdp giang day nhfl: thuyet trinh, xemine, thao ludn nhdm, thUc hdnh, thi nghiem PhUdng phdp hpe tap d tren Idp cija SV cdn thy ddng, chij yeu la nghe giang, ghi chep, hpc thude Idng, if tham gia vao bdi giang Ve lUpng gid edn chUa dupe da dang hod cde loai hinh, hinh thfle Ifldng gia lam chuyen de, lam bdi tap Idn edn ehUa dupe dp dung rpng rai Trong day hpc theo tfn chf, thdi gian hpc tren Idp cua sinh vien giam di 1/3, thay vdo dd Id thdi gian tfl hpe ph4i tdng len ma khdng giam yeu cau ddnh gid Do dd, dd dam bdo chat lupng can phai giang day bang phUdng phdp tich eye: Cde phUdng phdp giang dgy theo nien ehe vin tiep tyc dupe phdt DtfUvaHpC Idp gan chat vd hd trd tieh cfle eho hanh ddng giang day tren huy cde diem manh, viec tich cue gid hpe eua sinh vien Idp, tao nen tfnh thdng nhat, nhat qudn eua hoat ddng giang dupe dat len hang dau De dap Ung dUde dieu nay, sinh vien day Do vay, sfl phdn chia nhflng hdnh ddng giang day tren phai nghien eUu tai lieu trUde den Idp, giang vien phai tang Idp va ngoai gid len Idp chf mang tfnh chat tUdng ddi De cfldng eho sinh vien tfl hpe tren Idp bang each neu cde thuan Ipi eho viee nghien cflu, chUng tdi dUa djnh nghra van de eua bai giang de sinh vien tim each giai quyet theo giang day tren Idp nhu sau: Giang d^y tren Idp la hoat ddng djnh hudng cua giang vien giup sinh vien ed thdi quen tU hpc Nhu vay, de thUc hien duac cac yeu cau day hoc theo ciia ngUdi thay giao djnh hudng, td chUc, dieu chinh, diiu tin chi giang vien phai sit dung cac phUdng phap day hoc tich khien hoat ddng Tinh hdi tri thUc, hinh ky nang, ky xio cUc cdn ngUdi hoc phai tich cUc, chu dong gid hoc, tbh ciia hoe sinh qua trinh len Idp Ket qua hoat ddng giang day tren Idp cilia ngudi thay giao cUc tu hpc mot each cd hieu qua phy thupc vao nhilu yeu td: Vdn tri thfle hien ed, tfnh tieh cue Ky ndng giang day tren tdp phu hdp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chi cija sinh vien thfle tap sfl hpe tap eua ngUdi hpc, y thfle trach nhiem, tfnh tfch cfle giang day, cd sd vat chat phuc vy eho day hpe va ddc biet la phu pham thude vdo mfle dp thuan thue, linh hoat sang tao viec to - Khdi niem giang day bat dau tfl viee tim hieu khdi niem chfle hoat dpng giang day cua ngfldi thay gido- tfle Id ky nang day hpc Trong Tam ly hpc, cd nhieu djnh nghTa khac v l giang day eua hp hoat ddng day hpc, song cde tac gia deu thdng nha't: Ky nang giang day tren Idp la sfl thfle hien ed ket qua Day hoc la moi quan he taq ddng qua lai giUa giao vien va hanh ddng giang day tren Idp cua ngUdi gido vien bang cdeh hoc sinh nham muc dich hinh tri thUc, ky nang, ky xao, tao sU bien doi tam ly, hinh nhan each ngUdi hoe lUa chpn va van dyng nhflng tri thfle chuyen mdn va nghiep vu sfl pham can thiet nhflng tinh hudng giang day xac djnh Trong day hpc, ludn ed hai hoat ddng thUc hien hai chfle nang, Tren ed sd djnh nghTa ky nang giang day tren Idp vd phan hai ehij the khac thfle hien nhflng xay ddng thdi vd tfch quan diem eija ede tde gia nghien cflu v l ddo tao theo tfn gan bd chat ehe vdi dd Id: hoat ddng day va hoat ddng chf ehung tdi dfla djnh nghTa sau: hpc Ky nang giang d^ytren Idp phu hpp vciphiKfng thuc dao t Hoat ddng day ngfldi thay giao thfle hien, hoat ddng day theo tin ehi la sU thUc hien cd ket qua hanh ddng giang day tren diln de td chfle vd dieu khien hoat ddng hpc vd hoat ddng Idp cua ngUdigiao vien phu hap vdiphuang thUc dao tao theo hpc chf cd day du y nghTa cua nd dfldc diln dUdi sfl td chUe tin chi bang each lua chon va van dung nhOng tri thUe chuyen va dieu khien cua hoat ddng day Vdi y nghTa dd, hoat ddng mdn va nghiep vu sU pham can thiet nhUng tinh huong day va hoat ddng hpe hdp hoat ddng day hpe, dd giang day xac dinh thay thUc hien chfle nang td chfle va dilu khien hoat ddng hpe, trd ed ehUe nang hanh ddng tfch cue de ITnh hdi kinh nghiem Ky ndng giang daytren Idp phu h^ vdiphUdng thuc daot^ ma xa hdi tfch luy dUde, bien kinh nghiem xa hdi kinh theo tin ehi eua sinh vien d^i hge suph^m thUe tap su nghiem cd nhdn tao sU phdt trien tam ly cua chfnh minh pham (TTSP) la sU thUc hien cd ket qua hanh dong giang day Trong Tdm ly hpe va Giao dye hpe, rat ft tdc gia di sau phan tren Idp cua ngUdisinh vien thue tap supham, phU hap vd tfch rach rdi dUdc sU khde gifla hoat ddng giang day vd phUdng thUe dao tao theo tin ehi bkng each lUa chon va van hoat ddng day hpe, mdt sd tae gia lai ddng nhat hoat ddng day dung nhOng tri thUe chuyen mdn va nghiep vu sUpham can thi theo phUdng thfle nhd trfldng vdi hoat dpng giang day Hoat nhOng tinh hud'ng giang day xac dinh ddng day va hoat ddng hpe hoat ddng day hpe ludn gan - Ky ndng giang day phu hdp vdi phUdng thfle ddo tao theo bd chat che vdi khdng the tdeh rdi, nhflng xem xet tin chf TTSP la sfl nam vflng tri thfle ve ban thdn hoat rieng hoat ddng day de tim hieu nhflng pham chat, nang lue, ddng giang day theo hpc che tfn chf va kha ndng van dung mot nhOng ky ndng, ky xao nghi nghiep can thiet cija ngUdi each thuan thue nhflng tri thfle vdo thfle tiln hoat dpng thay giao, de tim hieu eae hanh ddng eu the cua viee truyen giang day theo tfn chf nhflng tinh hudng xde djnh dat tri thfle, ky nang ky xao hoat ddng day cfla ngfldi Nhflng tri thfle khdng ed s i n ma dfldc hinh thay giao nghTa la ehungita tim hieu hoat dpng day hpe d gdc eude sdng vd hoat dpng ren luyen, cua ngfldi sinh vien dp giang day Cang nam vflng tri thfle ve ban than hoat ddng, cdng tieh cfle Tren cd sd ede khai niem Tam ly hpe, Giao dye hpc, ren luyen thi qud trinh hinh thdnh ky ndng cua hp cang diln giang day dflpe hieu Id: Giang day la hoat dong ciia ngUdi thay d l dang giao dinh hUdng, tochUe, dieu ehinh, dieu khien hoat dong ITnh - Ky ndng giang day phu hdp vdi phUdng thfle dao tao theo hdi tri thUe, hinh ky nang, ky xao cua hoc sinh hoat tin chf TTSP la sfl thfle hien ed ket qua mdt ho^t dpng ddng day hoc giang day TTSP, nghTa la ben canh mat ky thudt cua Nhu da phdn tfch d tren, giang day la hoat ddng eua ngUdi hdnh ddng, gido sinh phai thUc hien hanh ddng dd mdt each thay giao djnh hudng, td chfle, dieu chfnh, dieu khien hoat thuan thye, vdi nhflng phfldng thfle linh hoat nham mang l?i ddng ITnh hpi tri thuc, hinh ky nang, ky xao eija hpc sinh hieu qua nha't dinh hoat ddng day hpe Do dd, de thfle hien dfldc hoat ddng - Qua trinh giao sinh van dyng tri thfle de thfle hien cd ket giang day, ngfldi giao vien can tien hanh ede bflde: Tim hieu qua hoat ddng chju sfl ehi phdi cua nhieu yeu td khdeh quan va hpe sinh.; Tim hieu va nam vflng chfldng trinh, ke hoach day chij quan nhfl: Vdn tri thfle v l hoat ddng giang day theo hoc hpe; Nam vflng ky thuat day hpc; Tim tai lieu va eae phfldng ehe tfn chf, Tfnh tfch cfle ren luyen cua sinh vien, xu hfldng tien hd trd giang day; Chuan bj bai; Len Idp; Truyen thu tri thfle nghe nghiep, each thfle td chfle luyen tap ky nang giang day b ly ludn, td chfle thao luan nhdm, hfldng dan thfle hanh, hfldng trfldng sfl pham, cd sd vdt chat, cde phfldng tien d^y hpe ho dan hpe sinh tfl hpe, lam bai tap ; Giao tiep vdi hpe sinh; trd, kinh nghiem giang day theo tin chi cua gido vien Vide xde Kiem tra, ddnh gia ket qua hpc tap cua hpe sinh djnh cde yeu td cd the giup qud trinh ren luyen hinh ky ndng giang day TTSP phu hpp vdi phUdng thfle dao Nhflng hanh ddng tren ed the dfldc tien hanh hoac tao theo tfn chf diln nhanh chdng, dat hieu qua cao ngoai gid len Idp Nhflng hdnh ddng giang day ngoai gid len DtfHr0HffCs67^^^m^m Cac ky nang giang day tren Idp phu hpp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chi cua sinh vien Dai hpc sfl pham thUc tap sU pham Hfldng ddo tao dai chung ddi hdi phUdng phdp day- hpe mdi, tfl chd ngfldi hoc la ngudi tidp nhan kien thfle thy ddng Idp hpe, theo quan niem hien nay, ngfldi hpe dflpe xem Id trung tam cua hoat ddng dao tao; phfldng phdp gido due dai hpe mdi coi trpng viec bdi dfldng ndng Ifle tfl hpe, tao dieu kien cho ngfldi hpe phdt trien tfl sdng tao, ren luyen ky nang thfle hanh Vdi quan niem ay, xdy dflng ndi dung chupng trinh giang day can hfldng tdi viec giam bdt tfnh han lam, tang cfldng ren luyen ky ndng thfle hanh (tang sd gid thfle hanh, thao luan, xemina, tU hpc hoac tu nghien cflu tai lieu cua sinh vien ) Dilu giup sinh vien dap flng dfldc yeu cau thfle tiln eua edng vide sau trfldng r-|thi'-ii'''rnnr*!t?iirrtmri 23 giang day tren Idp: La sU thUc hien cd ket qua eae phuang tien day hoc giang day tren Idp cua ngUdi sinh vien TTSP, bao gom cac hanh ddng: Si/dung phuang tien ngdn ngO phi ngdn ngU; Giao tiep vdi ngUdi hoc va sil dung cdng nghe thdng tin giang day tren Idp bang each lua chon va van dung nhUng tri thUc chuyen mdn va nghiep vu supham can thie nhOng bai day xac dinh Ky ndng sfl dung phfldng tien td chfle hoat ddng giang day tren Idp theo hpc che tin ehi bao gdm: Sfl dyng phfldng tien ngdn ngfl; sfl dung phfldng tien phi ngdn ngfl; giao tiep vdi ngfldi hpc giang day tren Idp; sfl dyng cdng nghe thdng tin giang day tren Idp - Nhdm ky ndng kiem tra, danh gia giang day tren Idp: La sU thUc hien cd kit qua cac hanh ddng kiem tra, danh gia giang day tren Idp ciia ngUdi sinh vien TTSP, bao Vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo hpc che tfn chf, hoat ddng gom eae hanh dong: Xac dinh ndi dung, hinh thUe va thdi luan giang day tren Idp co the gdm kieu gid: ly thuyet, xemina, lam kiSm tra cho phu hap, Dat cau hoi kiem tra; Xay dUng tieu ch viec nhdm, lam bai tap, thfle hanh, thf nghiem Hoat dong day danh gia ket qua kiem tra; Nhan xet, danh gia ket qua kiem tra - hoc ngoai Idp cd the gdm kieu gid: Idm viec nhdm, tfl hpc, tfl tren Idp bang each lUa chon va van dung nhUng tri thUe chuye mdn, nghiep vu sU pham can thiet nhOng bai day xac nghieh cflu, tfl van, thfle hdnh, thi nghiem dinh ^ De phan chia cde ky ndng giang day tren Idp phu hdp vdi Ky nang kiem tra, ddnh gia giang day tren l(^theo phfldng thfle dao tao theo tfn chf eija sinh vien TTSP hpe ehe tin chf bao gdm: Xac djnh ndi dung hinh thfle va thdi can dfla vao ede tieu chf sau: Ifldng kiem tra eho phu hpp; dat cau hdi kiem tra; xdy dflng - Can cfl vao dac diem ehung cfla viee phan chia eae nhdm tieu chf ddnh gid ket qua kiem tra; nhan xet, ddnh gia ket qua ky nang giang day kiem tra - Cdn cfl vdo hoat dpng giang day tren Idp phu hdp vdi NhOng van de ly luan tren se la cd sd khoa hpe eho viec ren phfldng thfle ddo tao theo tin chf eua ngfldi gido vien vd chia luyen ky nang giang day tren Idp phiJ hpp vdi phfldng thfle dao ky ndng giang day tren Idp phu hpp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao tao theo tin chf cho sinh vien thfle tap sfl pham, tfl dd theo tin chf eua sinh vidn TTSP nhdm ky nang: nang eao chat Iflpng TTSP ndi rieng, chat Ifldng dao tao gido Xac djnh ddn vj kien thfle ed ban giang day tren Idp theo vien ndi ehung hpc ehe tfn chf; td chfle gid giang tren Idp; sfl dyng phfldng tien td chfle hoat ddng giang day tren Idp; kiem tra, ddnh gid giang day tren Idp Tai lieu tham kh^o Nhdm ky ndng giang day tren Idp gdm: Le Thye Anh (2005), Ve dao tao nghe day hoc trUdng - Ky ndng xde djnh ddn vj kien thfle cd ban giang day pham Tap chiGiao dye dac san tren Idp theo tfn chf: Dd Id sU thUe hi&n cd ket qua hanh ddng Nguyin Dinh Chfnh (1997), Hinh 1^nang nghe nghiep c xac dmh lUdng kien thUc ca ban giang day tren Idp theo tin giao sinh- mot yeu cau cap bach cua doi mdi giao due Tap chf Dai chi ciia ngUdi sinh vien TTSP, bao gom cac hanh ddng: va Giao dye chuyen nghiep s601 Xac dinh duac dung dan kha nang hoc tap va cac ddc diem tam Nguyin Trpng Hieu (2008), NhOng kho khan cdng tac t ly cua hoc sinh; Xac dinh dung dan luang kien thUc can truyen tap sUpham ciia sinh vien, Tap chi Giao due sd 188 thu tUng gid giang; Che bien tai lieu hoc tap cho phu hap Mai Oudc Khanh (1999), Nang cao chat luang nguon nhan lU vdi hoc sinh va xac dmh dung dan cac ky thuat day hoe tren Idp Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia Ha Npi bhng each lUa chon vd van dung nhUng tri thUe chuyen mdn va Phan Thanh Long (2004), Cacbienphap ren luyen l