HE THONG DIA DAO LANG HAM VTNH LINH CHUNG TICH TIEU BIEU DE GIAO DUC TDNG YEU NUOC CHO TUl HE THE O TtiS, V O V A N IVIINH'''' Trong cudc khdng chien chdng MT, cuu nude (1954 1975), khu vyc VTnh Linh giu[.]
HE THONG DIA DAO L A N G HAM VTNH LINH CHUNG TICH TIEU BIEU DE GIAO DUC TDNG YEU NUOC CHO TUl HE THE O T rong cudc khdng chien chdng MT, cuu nude (1954-1975), khu vyc VTnh Linh giu mot vj trf chien luqc dqc biet quan trqng Ddy vua Id tien ddn eua mien Bde xd hdi ehu nghTa, vua Id hdu phirong cua each mqng mien N a m Chfnh vi vdy, de qud'c MTtle'n hdnh cudc chien tranh phd hoqi mien Bde, VTnh Linh trd thdnh mdt trpng diem ddnh phd dc liet De bdm try, chien ddu, sdn xud't VO chi vien cho mien Nam, qudn vd ddn VTnh Linh dd xdy dyng he thd'ng hdm hdo, dja dqo, «ldng hdm" d khdp khu vuc, kien cudng ddnh bql cudc chien tranh phd hoqi mang tfnh huy diet eua djch, gdp phdn Idm that bqi dm miru «Bdc tien" cua chung; ddng thdi tfeh cue chi vien cho ddo Cdn Cd vd chien trudng mien Nam He thdng dja dqo - Idng hdm d VTnh Linh Id mot sdng tqo ddc ddo cuo chien tranh nhdn ddn Viet Nam TtiS, V O V A N IVIINH' Id he thd'ng dja dgo - Idng hdm «Ldng hdm" a VTnh Linh ed ddy du «ehu'c ndng" eua mot Idng que Viet Nam nhu; nhd d (cdn hd), hqi trudng, benh x d , trudng hpe, nhd tre, kho, bep, gieng, ddm bdo cho ngudi ddn vdn sinh hopt binh thudng, sdn xud't, chien ddu vd phye vu chien ddu Ddy chinh Id ki tfch vT dqi, the hien sue mpnh to Idn eua edi nguon ddn tdc, hnh thdn dodn ket lao ddng vd chien dd'u, su chju dung hi sinh gion khd, nghi luc phi thudng cua ngudi ddn VTnh Linh cudc khdng chien trudng ki gion khd de bdo ve mdnh ddt que huong 1.2 Gido dye HS niem ty hdo, khdm phye truyen thdng anh bdt khudt chdng gige ngogi xdm, bdo ve doe lap ddn tdc cua cdc the he cha anh di trudc Dua vdo he ihd'ng «tang ham", qudn vd ddn VTnh Linh dd anh dung chien dd'u, bdn roi 293 mdy boy, b>dn chim 69 tdu chien cdc loqi, Theo thdng ke cua Phdng Vdn hda - The thao vd Du Ijeh huyen Vinh Linh (Qudng Trj), hien todn gdp phdn quan trpng ddnh bqi cudc chien tranh phd hoqi mien Bde eua de qudc MT, ddng thdi huyen ed khodng 105 dja chi di tfch dja dqo - Idng ham duqc xdy dung thdi ki khdng chien chdng sue chi vien cho chien trudng mien Nam vd ddo Mr Ddy Id nnung «dd'u v e f , «chung tich" vdt ehdt Cdn Cd anh Tren ca sd hieu bietve qud khu tieu b l j , the hien dudng Idi c h i ^ tranh nhdn cTdn hdo cua ddn tdc, nhi/ng chien cdng chdi Iqi eua Ddng; ddng thdi phdn dnh tinh thdn lao dpng eua qudn vd ddn Vinh Linh cudc khdng chien sdng tqo, chu nghTa anh edch mqng cua qudn chdng MT cuu nude, d HS se ndy sinh Idng khdm hyc, niem tu hdo ve truyen thdng anh bdt vd ddn Vinh Linri ndi rieng, nridn ddn Viet Nam ndi hudt chdng gidc ngoqi xdm eua todn ddn toe Viet chung su nghiep ddu tranh gidl fJidng ddn Niem ty hdo ve nhung chien eong oanh liet tpc vd sinh tdn Do vdy, su dyng nhOng di sdn vdn Nam hda quy bdu ndy se cd tde dung to Idn viec ndy se truyen cho the he tre niem tin vd sue mqnh, gido dye truyen thdng ddn tdc, ddc biet gido dye y thuc trdch nhiem su nghiep xdy dung vd bdo ve ddt nude ngdy Idng yeu nude eho the he tre / Gido dye HS Idng edm ghet tgi dc chien He tfidng d i tich d i e d q o - Idng hdm VTnh tranh, cd thdi len dn cdc cuge chien tranh phi Linh viec g i d o d y e Idng yeu nude cho nghTa; co niem Iqc quan cdeh mqng, vi/ng tin the he tre vdo sy lanh dgo cua Ddng Vdi dm muu chia cdt / I Gido dye HS niem ty hdo, khdm phye Idu ddi ddt nude ta, eat dut su chi vien cua mien tinh H)dn sdng tgo, nghi lye phi thudng cua qudn Bde cho chien trirong mien Nam, de qud'c MT dd ddn Vinh Linh vd cd ddn tdc cudc khdng hen hdnh mdt cudc ddnh phd huy diet het sue dd chien chdng MT, euV nude Tu ndm 19d5 den man chua tung thd'y Ijeh su (LS) chien tranh ndm 1973, ngudi ddn VTnh Linh dd xdy dung the gidi len Khu vuc VTnh Linh: tfnh binh qudn duqc 114 dio dqo vol tdng chieu ddi gdn 40km, mdi ngudi ddn d khu vye ndy phdi chju tdn he thd'ng giao thdng hdo ddi hon 2000km, vd hdng chyc nghin «fieu dqo", d d heu bleu * TnrSng THPT Nam Hai Ung - Quang Tri E Tap ciii Giao due so (ki a • 1/2012) # bom vd 80 qud dqi bde; ngdy / / , bom MT dd ddnh sdp «ldng hdm" Tdn Ly (xd VTnh Quang) Idm thiet mpng mdt luc 61 ngudi, dd cd nhi/ng glo dinh gdn nhu bj xdo sd Nai ddy hien nc:y Id ngdi md chung cua 61 ngudi, trd thdnh bleu tupng cho Idng cam thu cua nhdn ddn Vinh Linh ddi vdi tpi dc cua ke thu Cung tren co sd tim hieu di tich «ldng hdm", HS dd nhdn biet rd them: de qud'c MT chud'n bj ti§'n hdnh chien tranh phd hoqi mien Bde, Ban chd'p hdnh Ddng uy Khu vuc VTnh Unh dd chu dpng ban hdnh cdc ehf thj nhdm tdng cudng cdng tdc b d phdng, xdy dung phuong dn tde chien dieu kien chien tranh ed the xdy ro Khu uy VTnh Unh mdt mdt chu truong duo ngudi gid, tre em so tdn vung Tdn Ky (Nghe An) vd Thqch Hd, Can Lqc (Hd TTnh), cu nien uu tu Bde hpc tap; mat khde, ehi dqo qudn ddn cde xd khu vyc triet de tdn dyng yeu to dja hinh xdy dyng cdc cdng trinh «phdng trdnh, ddnh trd" qudn thu mdt cdeh cd hieu qud De trdnh hqa «tiet ndi", ngudi ddn VTnh Linh dd chia nhung ngudi gio dinh, hp tdc nhieu hdm khdc de dn trdnn Trong Idng dja dpo dd ed hon 60 dua tre dupe sinh ro vd heng hot, \di co hdu nhu khdng bao gid bj ddp tdt Ldng ndo cung cd dpi vdn nghe xung kich Cd Vinh Linn trdo ddng Heng hdtvdl khdu hieu: «Tieng bdt dt tieng bom" Trong gian khd dc liet, ngudi ddn VTnh Linh ludn ludn Iqc quan, hn Krdng vdo su Idnh dqo dung ddn cua E)dng, Bde Ho vdi niem Hn td't thdng: «Nhd tan cua ndt cung u/Ddnb xong gige MTeye ehd st/dng sau" Viec tfm hieu, khdo sdt phucmg thuc xdy dung «/dng hdm" dVinh Linh tren co sd dudng Idi chien tranh nhdn ddn eua Ddng se cung edp eho HS mdt so kien thuc ve nghe thudt ddnh gidc ddc ddo cuo cho dng, giup cdc em cd nhi/ng hieu biet CO bdn ve each thue xdy dyng cdc cdng trinh phdng trdnh cd hieu qud chien tranh xdy Ddy chinh Id bien phdp quan trpng de gdp phdn xdy dtmg tlie trdn chien tf"anh nhdn ddn Hnh hinh hien M o t so' hinh tfiuc, bien p h d p khoi thde su d y n g di h'ch d j a d q o - Idng hdm VTnh Linh de g i d o dye long yeu nude cno the he tre 2.1 Qua dgy hgc bdi LS ndi khda GV cdn khai thde, su dyng di tfch «ldng hdm" Vinh Linh deldm sdng td hon, cy thdhda mgt sdsy kien LS dan tdc duqc quy djnh chi/ong trinh, sdch gido khoa phd thdng Viec khai thde, su dyng nhung di tich each mpng ndy dqy hpc bdi LS ndi khdo duoc Hen hdnh audi hai hinh thuc: o^ d tren Idp Ngudn tdi lieu lien quan den dl tfch «/dng / i d m " VTnh Linh hien khd phong phu (gdm: lupc d d , so dd ehi ddn, franh dnh LS, phim tdi lieu, hien vdt, md hinh, sa bdn, tdi lieu thdnh vdn, ) phdn dnh, ghi nhdn nhung su kien LS dd xdy tqi di tfch Khi su dyng hinh thuc ndy, cdc tdi lieu true quan eua di tfeh trd thdnh phuong tien true quan, dd phdi tudn thu cde nguyen tdc su dung dung true quan dqy hoc LS Vi vdy, GV cdn Icet hqp ehdt che vdi trinh bdy mieng vd cdc phuong phdp khdc, song phdi ddm bdo phu hqp vdi npi dung bdi gidng, dd'i tupng HS vd phdn b d thdi gian cua Het hpc V f d y , dqy hpe phdn: «Mien Bde v&a chien ddu chdng chien tranh phd hoqi Idn thtf nhdt cua MT vt/a sdn xudt vd Idm nghla vy bdu pbuang (19d5- 1968)" (LS vd LS 12), GV ed the hudng ddn HS khai thde cdc buc dnh tu lieu nhu: «Ddo dja dgo", «Hgi hgp dudi dia dao", «Bieu dien vdn ngh$ dudi hdm hdi trudng dia dqo", «Nhung dua tre sinh long dia dqo", «Chi vien cho ddo Con Co",, hoqc Sl/ dyng phim tu lieu de glup cdc em tdi hien buc tranh sinh ddng ve qud trinh ddo d d p , xdy dung edng trinh, cudc sdng sinh hoqt cua ngudi ddn VTnh Linh idng ddt; nhung chien cdng ddnh djch de bdm try, bdo v§ que huemg Q u a d d , gido dye cho HS Idng khdm phyc, niem \y hdo ve Hnh thdn qud edm, sy chju dung hi sinh gian khd, nghj lue phi thudng eua qudn vd ddn VTnh Linh cudc dd'u tranh sinh ton de bdo ve que huong, ddt nude b) Tgi di tich edeh mgng (thudng duqc dp dyng ddi vdi HS cdc trudng d gdn dja didm cdc khu di tieh) Bdi hqc tqi di tich cdeh mpng phdi tudn thO cd'u true cua bdi nghien cuu kien thue mdi d tren Idp, ddng thdi phdi thuc hien ddy du ede y&u cau cua bdi hqc LS tien hdnh tqi thuc dja GV thiet ke ke hoqch bdi hqc (soqn gido dn) theo hudng ddn chung, song cung cd nhung diem khde so ven bdi ndi khda d tren Idp Day Id sy ket hpp gli/a bdi gidng cua GV vol viec quan sdt di tfch, vi vdy ndng lue tu duy, kT ndng thye hdnh eua HS se dupe phdt huy Hieu qud eua bdi hpc se cao hen, bdi vi cdc em cd edm tudng nhu dang quan sdt, dang «sdng Igi" vdi hien thye qud khu Vf dy, dqy hqc ve phdn tren, GV cd the Hen hdnh bdi hqc tqi khu di tfch dja dqo Vjnh Mde (xd VTnh Thqch) - mdt cdng tf-inh tieu bieu he thd'ng «ldng hdm" a VinU Linh giup HS nhdn thuc rd Hnh thdn anh dOng phi thudng cua ngudi ddn dja phuong, edm sung ddnh dich de Tao chi Giao due so (ki a 1/20121 bdo ve que hirong xdm Idng; khai ddy d cdc em thai dp kfnh trqng, sy khdm phycvd long biet on dd'i vol cdc the he cho anh di trudc dd Idm nen ehld'n thdng vT dqi cudc ddi dou LS vdi ke thu bqo Id de qudc MTxdm lupc 2.2 Qua dgy hoc cac tiet LS dja phuong Theo phdn phdi chuong trinh, h/ Idp den Idp 12, mdn LS deu c6 mpt sd tiet LS dia phuong Rieng d cd'p THCS, Sd GD-DT dd phdi hpp vdi Ban tuyen gido Tfnh uy Qudng Trj bi§n soqn hoi tdp tdi lieu phye vy dqy hpe, dd Id «Tdi lieu LS Quang Tri" (dung eho HS) vd « r d i lieu budng dan gidng dgy LS Qudng Tri" (dung eho GV), dp dyng tu ndm hqc 2004 - 2005; vdi hai bdi hqc lien quan den ede su kien xdy tqi di tfch «/dng / i d m " VFnh Linh Id: Bd* «Qudng Tri tien hdnh hai chien luge each mgng: Cdeh mgng ddn tde ddn ehu nhdn ddn vd cdeh mgng xd hdi chu nghTa (1954 - 1975)" vd Bdi «Mgt sodi tieh LS tieu bieu cua Qudng Trj" Ddi vol cdp THPT, Hdi ddng bp mdn LS thupc Sd GD-DT Qudng Trj dd ban hdnh «Quy djnh ve ngi dung dgy hgc cde tiet LS dia phuong", dd cd de edp den viec khoi thde su dung di tfch dja dqo Vjnh Mde (VTnh Thqch - Vfnh Linh) Vlec khai thde, su dyng dl tfeh «/dng hdm" VTnh Linh de dqy hpc ede Het LSdja phuong nhdm hai mye dfch chfnh: 1} Ldm sdng td hon cudc chien dd'u cOa qudn vd ddn mien Bac nhdm chdng lai cde cudc chien tranh phd hoqi cua de qudc MT, tri sdn xudt vd thuc hien nghTa vy hdu phuong dd'i vdi each mqng mien Nam; 2) Giup HS hieu dugc nhung ddng gdp, COTig hien to Idn cua qudn vd ddn VTnh Linh viec ddnh bqi cudc chien tranh phd hoqi tdn khdc eua de quoc MT de bdo ve ddu cdu gidi tuyen, ddng thdi tfch cue chi vien cho chien trudng Bde Qudng Trj vd ddo Cdn Cd, gdp phdn vdo su thdng Iqi cuo edeh mqng mien N a m D l ndng eao hieu qud dqy hqc cde Net LS dja phucmg, GV cdn ehudn bj td't ndi dung, phuong phdp Hen hdnh bdi hqc, dd chu trpng den viec hudng ddn HS tfch eye tham gio vdo qud trinh suu tdm tdi lieu LS dja phi/ong phye vy rfiie't thyc eho edng viec hqc tdp, giup cdc em ren luyen kTndng tu hqc, ty bdi dudng kien thuc, ndng cao trinh 2.3 Thyc bien boat ddng ngogi khda qua ede hinh thuc nhu: tdchuc tham quan tqi ede khu di tfch, dqc sdch, thi Hm hieu; td chuc dp hpi LS, gdp g d trao ddi vdi cdc nhdn ehung LS; suu tdm node bien soqn tdi llSu ve mot so sy kien Heu bieu xdy ro gdn vdi cdc dl tfeh; nhdn chdm sdc di tfeh, xdy dung phdng LS, Tap ehi Giao due so (ki a • 1/2012) 2.4 Tdng cudng vai trd cua eac lye lugng xa bdi viec khai thde su dung he thd'ng di tich dia dgo - Idng hdm Vfnh Linbqua nhieu hinh thuc hoqt dqng phong phu nhu: qudng bd hinh dnh di tfch «/dng ham"tren bdo enf vd cdc phuong Hen phdt h^jyen hinh; td chuc nhijng cudc thi tim hieu, trd ehal LS, I I hdi; gdp g d cdc nhdn chung ndi chuyen LS; hdnh qudn ve «dia chi do", edm trqi tqi cdc khu di tfch; td ehOe cdc cdng trinh phan vlec nien de chdm sdc tdn too di tfeh; phyc dung di tfch «ldng hdm", phdt trien du Ijch tqi cdc khu di tfch, Ddy chinh Id nhung vlec Idm quan trpng nhdm «xd hoi hda gido dye LS", giup the he tre cd y thuc tdn trpng LS, g i u gin ton tqo cdc dl sdn vdn hdo ddn tde De khai thde, su dyng cd hieu qud he thd'ng di tich «ldng hdm" VTnh Linh edng tde gido dye the he tre, khdng ehf ddi hdi trdch nhiem coo cuo GV bd mdn, nhd trudng md cdn cdn cd su quan tdm gdp sue, tqo dieu kien cua Idnh dqo cde edp, cdc ngdnh vd todn xd hdi Chung tdi thiet nghT, edn khdn truong nghien cuu, khdi phyc, tdn tqo he thd'ng di tfch «ldng hdm" ddc ddo d Vfnh Linh de phyc vy cho nhieu myc dich ed y nghTa; quan tdm bien soqn bd tdi lieu LS dja phuong, dd ed de edp den npl dung kha! thde su dyng he thdng di tfeh «/dng / i d m " Vfnh Linh Idm tdi lieu dqy hoc LS dja phuong d cd'p THPT todn tfnh Qudng Trj Q Tai li^u tham khao Phan Ngoc LiSn (Chu bifin) - Tnnh Dinh Tung NguySn Thi C6i Phmmg phap day hoc lich sir (tap 11) NXB Dgi hgc Suphgm, Ha Noi, 2007 Phan Ngoc Lien "VS viec giao due truySn thfl'ng dan tOc qua day hoc bai "Chien thing Dien Bien Phu 1954" mon Lich su" Tgp chi Gido due, s6 86, thang 5/2004 VO van Minh SO; dung di lich cdeh mgng Qudng Tn dgy hoc lich siiddn tdc (1954-1975} &lnedng trung hpc phd thdng Khoa luan t6t nghiep Truang DHSP Hutf, 2001 Thudng vu HuySn uy VTnh Unh Lich su'Dang bo va nhan dan Vinh Linh Quang Tri, 1994 Trdn Thj Thanh Tam Wp thdng "ldng hdm" a Vinh Unh khdng chiin eh6ngMi(}965 • 1973) Luan van Thae sT Trucrng DHSP Hug, 2010 SUMMARY This article puts forward the methods of exploiting and using the historic remains system of Vinh Unh 'tunnel village" to educate on patriotism for the young generation, contribute to raise the comprehensive education qualify for students at the present time ... ddo d Vfnh Linh de phyc vy cho nhieu myc dich ed y nghTa; quan tdm bien soqn bd tdi lieu LS dja phuong, dd ed de edp den npl dung kha! thde su dyng he thdng di tfeh «/dng / i d m " Vfnh Linh Idm... thuc xdy dung «/dng hdm" dVinh Linh tren co sd dudng Idi chien tranh nhdn ddn eua Ddng se cung edp eho HS mdt so kien thuc ve nghe thudt ddnh gidc ddc ddo cuo cho dng, giup cdc em cd nhi/ng hieu... h''ch d j a d q o - Idng hdm VTnh Linh de g i d o dye long yeu nude cno the he tre 2.1 Qua dgy hgc bdi LS ndi khda GV cdn khai thde, su dyng di tfch «ldng hdm" Vinh Linh deldm sdng td hon, cy thdhda