CHAU MY NGAY NAY VAN HOA U C H SLf KINH NGHIEM MO RQHQ QUYEN TCr end t)ei HOC T^l HOfi KY Vfi HfiM Y CHO VIET NfiM H oa Ky la quo''''c gia dien hinh theo cd che phi tap trung hoa, phan cap, phan quyen ma[.]
CHAU MY NGAY NAY VAN HOA - UCH SLf KINH NGHIEM MO RQHQ QUYEN TCr end t)ei HOC T^l HOfi KY Vfi HfiM Y CHO VIET NfiM ThS DoAn Thj Thu HUoing TrUbng Cao ddng Bdch nghe Tdy Ha H oa Ky la quo'c gia dien hinh theo cd che phi tap trung hoa, phan cap, phan quyen manh cho chinh quyen bang va dia phUdng Tren thUc te, Bp Giao due chi chiu trach nhiem ve cac chUdng trinh dac biet nhu nhom dan tpc thieu so, giao due cho ngUcJi tan tat, ma khong thuc hien chUc nang quan ly nha nU6c mpt each tnic tiep va toan dien doi vdi toan bp he thong giao due lien bang Viec quan ly he tho'ng giao due thupc v^ moi bang Chinh quyen bang ciing chi quan ly giao due dai hpc mpt phan, bang viee d^u tu mpt khoan kinh phi va cxi dai dien tham gia Hpi dong quan tri cua eae trUdng dai hpc cong Cac trUcIng gin nhu hoan toan tU tri, c6 quyen tU chu r^t cao quan ly mpi mat hoat dpng cua nha trUcJng khuon kho phap luat (Luat Lien bang va Luat cua tUng bang) O eac trUdng tU thue, quyen tU chu eon 16n hdn nhieu Hoa Kj^, quyen tu chu cao nha't la cac trUdng dai hpc dinh hu6ng nghien cUu, tha'p nha't la eac trUdng cao dang cpng dong He tho'ng giao due dai hpc (GDDH) Hoa Ky CO eae dac trUng: Thi^ nhat, tinh phi tap trung: Doi vdi he thong GDDH Hoa K^, khong c6 mpt bp hoac cd quan trung Udng nao cua Chinh phu Lien bang quan ly trUe ti§'p, dUa nhiing phUdng hUdng ehi dao nghiem ngat, hoac nhUng khuon mau cUng nhac ap dat tU tren xuong Trong viec quan ly he thong GDDH Hoa K^, xu hu6ng mpi hoat dpng phat trien tU du6i len the hien rat ro Hai la, tinh thUc tiin: Tuy GDDH Hoa Ky du nhap tU Chau Au, chiu anh hUclng manh me cua cac mo hinh GDDH truyen thong han lam ciia Chau Au, dac biet la cua Anh va DUc, nhifng tinh truyen thong khong hoan toan ap dat mpi sac thai cua GDDH Hoa Ky Viec dao tao h cac trUdng dai hpc phuc vu ra't sat yeu clu cua san xua't, cua sU phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Ba la, tinh dai chung: No khong chi bieu hien so' lUdng sinh vien, ma c6 nguon gob tii cd ca'u cua he thong GDDH va tinh chaCt ciia cac trUcing dai hpc Bon Id, tinh thi tritdng: Day co le la dac diem bao triim nha't, the hien ro CHAU MY NGAY NAY net nha't cua GDDH Hoa Ky Quyen tfl chu eao eua eae trflflng dai hpc giiip hp di chuyin ngufln lUc gifla cac ehUdng trinh va khoa nganh dao tao de dap flng sfl thay ddi ve nhu e^u nhap hpc Cling tfldng tfl nhfl vay doi vfli cong viec nghien cflu: cae nhflm nghien cflu canh tranh dg dUdc nhan kinh phi, cac cd quan ca'p kinh phi tht thu dflde ldi ieh tfl cha't lupng eong trinh nghien cflu ma hp mua Tuy GDDH Hoa Ky, quy luat eua thi truflng dupe coi trpng va khai thae, nhUng khong phai GDDH dupe mac cho thi trUflng O Hoa Ky, mfli trflflng efl Hpi dong trflflng, dai dien cho quyen ldi eiia ngflfli dan Hpi dong efl trach nhiem yeu cau Hieu trflflng dfla nhflng chinh sach de dap flng yeu cau eiia cpng dong dia phfldng Hieu trflflng lai cu the' boa nhiing yeu eau xuong eae Khoa Tfl ehii cua cac trflflng la tfl chii tifng khoa, tflng Iflp hpc Khoa cfl quyg~n quye't dinh hpc mon hay mon kia, hpc sach hay sach Giao vien co quy^n Ilia chon each day cho phu hpp Chlnh vi vay, cimg mpt chuygn nganh, cung mpt bang, nhung ne'u hpe fl cac trUdng khac nhau, ban se dupe hpc eac chflpng trinh, giao trinh khong gifl'ng PhUdng phap day eiia giao vign eiing khac Trfldng dflpc quyg~n lien ke't vfli cac doanh nghiep de dfla chfldng trinh dao tao phu hpp nha't vfli yeu cau thflc tg' Dig~u nhat Chinh phu quan ly la cha't Iflpng nguon nhan Ifle ma trflflng dao tao ra, dao tao nhfl thg' nao la viec cua trflflng, Chinh phu khong can thiep Viee kiem dinh cha't Iflpng giao due dUdc to' chflc 10 nam mpt Mn, cac trflflng phai trai qua mpt kf kig'm tra cha't Iflpng dflde to' chflc bfli mpt Hpi dong dflc lap, khong thupc Chinh phii hay thupc bang Hpi dong kiem tra nhflng gi truflng lam va ca nhflng gi trflflng noi la da lam He tho'ng giao due eiia Hoa K^ la mpt hg tho'ng kha dig'n hinh fl mpt nuflc efl trinh dp khoa hpc - cong nghe va phat trien kinh te' cao, dinh huflng thi trflflng manh Uu diem cua no la tao mpt n^n giao due bac cao dai chiing gan bfl chat che va ben vflng vfli cpng dong dia phfldng, cfl quan he mat thie't vfli nen kinh te, bam sat nhu eau cila thi truflng lao dpng Nguyen tac canh tranh eung bupc cac trflflng dai hpc phai khong ngflng d^u tu hien dai hoa cd sfl vat chat, thu hut va khuyg'n khi'ch nhflng giang vien gioi lam viee eho trfldng, khong ngflng nang eao ch^t lUdng dao tao Cae trfldng dai hpc fl Hoa Ky dupc danh gia la cae trflflng cfl mflc dp tli chil cao nha't thg' gifli Chi'nh dieu da gop phan dang ke cung cap cho xa hpi mpt dpi ngii dong dao nhiing tri thflc, nhiing nha khoa hpc ciing nhfl hang trieu cong nhan ky thuat lanh ngh^, gflp phan phat trien nen kinh tg' My qua nhieu thfli ky de trfl cuflng quoc kinh te', khoa hpc - cong nghe tren the' gifli Cac trfldng dai hpc Hoa Ky luon dflde danh gia cao va cfl uy tin lfln tren the' gifli Theo mpt khao sat nam 2007 cua Dai hpe Giao thflng Thfldng Hai (Trung Qufl'c), Hoa Kj> da chig'm trfldng dai hpe so' 10 truflng hang dau the' gifli CHAU MY NGAY NAY Dg' cfl the hpc tap nhflng gi tfl hg thflng GDDH Hoa K^ nham ap dijng vao giao due dai hpc Vigt Nam, cSn phai hie'u dflpe ban cha't ciia nfl Giao d\ie dai hpc Hoa K^ vfli lieh sfl chi khoang hdn bo'n tram nam so vfli GDDH phfldng Dong va so vfli GDDH Chau Au thi he't sfle non tre Thg' mk giao due dai hpc Hoa K^ lai ra't cflng va cfl sflc ha'p dan he't sflc 1^ kj> doi vfli nhig'u nUflc trgn thg' gifli vfli mfl hinh tfl chu d^i hpc tuygt dfll Nhat Ban da ehpn mfl hinh GDDH Hoa Kjf de' noi theo tfl thfli Minh Tri, Trung Quoc da xay dflng lai ng'n GDDH cila minh chil ygu theo kieu Hoa K^ tfl thflc hien cai each mfl cfla, va g^n nha't, "qua trinh Bonogna" cua Chau Au thflc hien mpt cupc eai each sau rpng ve GDDH bat d^u tfl nam 1999 de thig't lap mot "khong gian GDDH Chau Au" vao nam 2010, cfl ra't nhieu ye'u t^' tUdng dong vfli GDDH Hoa Ky Mpi ngUdi dg~u biet GDDH Hoa Ky khflng phai la mpt nen GDDH "coi nguon", nfl chiu nhieu anh hflflng eua GDDH Chdu Au Nhflng hg tho'ng GDDH Hoa Ky khflng bi rang bupc bfli cac khufln phep cila cae trflflng dai hpe theo kigu eu Chau Au, dieu dfl lai tao nen tinh da dang ciia he thfl'ng GDDH Hoa Kj> Chi'nh tinh da dsing eua he tho'ng tao nen sfl phong phu vg' chflc nang giup phuc vu cho nhu c4u phat trien da dang eua xa hpi Sfl phat triin da dang va nhanh chflng cila he thfl'ng GDDH dfl dupc dieu khiln khong phai bfli mpt sfl chi dao thong nha't cua quo'c gia, ma bfli sfl Ifla ehpn tfl ed chg' eanh tranh cila thi trflflng Giao due dai hpc Hoa K;^ cflng nhfl hflm dfl la vi GDDH Hoa Ky tfln trpng cac quy lu&t cila thi truflng va efl f thflc khai thac ehung, cac dpng Iflc thi trflflng da tao nen sfl can b^ng cho h$ thdng Thgm nfla, Chinh phu Hoa Kj* cfl nhflng tac dflng gian tigp ho trp thgm eho cac tac dgng tfch eflc cila thi trflflng Nhfl vay, hg thdng GDDH Hoa Kj> phat trig'n da d^ng nhung fl'n dinh vi nfl dflpc tri chil yg'u bfli cac Iflc lign kg't bgn chfl khflng phai bang nhiJng tac dpng ap dat tnic tig'p tfl bgn ngoai De hpe tap h$ thdng GDDH Hoa K^ ap dung vao Vi$t Nam trUflc hg't e^n phai hi^u bigt sau sac h$ thdng dfl, hfln nfla eung phai hieu ro ban than minh va cai ma minh cin DOT vfli Viet Nam, dieu kien kinh td - xa hpi cua nflfle ta so vfli Hoa K^ nhieu khae bigt, do viec hpc tap kinh nghigm eua he thdng GDDH Hoa Kj> khong phai dl dang Tuy hg thdng GDDH cila nflde ta hien ve hinh thflc cfl doi net gin vfli mo hinh My, nhflng van hanh eiia he thdng GDDH eua chiing ta eon ra't kgm nSng dpng so vfli he tho'ng GDDH Hoa Ky Chi'nh vi vay, de ap dung cac kinh nghigm ciia GDDH Hoa K;^ vao Viet Nam giai doan hign la phai cfl tinh tnic tig'p va efl sfl tfl nguyen • Tdi lieu tham khdo: BOi Minh Hien vk nh6m tac gia (2006), Quan I^ gi^o due, Nhfl xu&'t ban D^i hoc SU ph^m 2006 ^ Phjim Phu (2006), "TiJ chu dai hoc danh doi biing trdch nhiSm xa hoi" LSm Quang Thiep (2004), "Suy nghi v^ quan IJ trudng d^i hoc nen kinh tethi trudng" http://edtech,com.vny Luong van Hai (2010), Vai tro nhk nu6c ni6 rgng quyen tU chu cua cac tructng d£ii hoc cong 14P Viet Nam ... xuong eae Khoa Tfl ehii cua cac trflflng la tfl chii tifng khoa, tflng Iflp hpc Khoa cfl quyg~n quye''t dinh hpc mon hay mon kia, hpc sach hay sach Giao vien co quy^n Ilia chon each day cho phu hpp... tfl hg thflng GDDH Hoa K^ nham ap dijng vao giao due dai hpc Vigt Nam, cSn phai hie''u dflpe ban cha''t ciia nfl Giao d\ie dai hpc Hoa K^ vfli lieh sfl chi khoang hdn bo''n tram nam so vfli GDDH phfldng... lanh ngh^, gflp phan phat trien nen kinh tg'' My qua nhieu thfli ky de trfl cuflng quoc kinh te'', khoa hpc - cong nghe tren the'' gifli Cac trfldng dai hpc Hoa Ky luon dflde danh gia cao va cfl