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MOTflCI^PiUANBiNHlUANlNGBJUVJlNNGHIlUJlNVJlYfUCAUGilNDAT KHI DAY HOC N O I DUNG N A Y TRONG NGIT VAN 11 O ThS P H A M KI^U A N H * Nghj lu nhffng ludn eu, ludn ehung If Id dd ndu, mdt hopt ddng cOo ngudi, ndn vide trlln khai rOt nhffng nh$n xdt, ddnh gid cuo minh v l vin Idp lupn cho VBNL chju sy chi p h l i bdl hopt d|ng d l dupe «luin' trudc dd Dllu dd cd i h l nhdn tdm If ciSo ngudi, hay thoo Idc Idp ludn Id thdy ngff ll|u sou: « N^ bdo lu^ chi lit cdch ngudi v l l l sdp x I p tr$t h/ cdc y i u t l nhu cho vlic cai tri c/»> Jc/idng cd dgo due tinh vf, thi lu$n dllm, lu$n eu, lu$n chdng vd b l h'f cdc '^ Id khdng blit rdng trdl lu^ Id Idh glu dOng h/il tpo nhCmg cdch d i l n dgt chdt ehS, d l y du, Id ddc N l i ; Idn di/ng cdl Is cdng bdng d hvng ehfnh xdc Tuy nhldn, ngodi vi$c gldi thfch, cnffng lu^t md xd sy thi mgl quyin, f^dp deif Id dgo minh, phdn tfch f kiln, ngudi vllt edn phdl su dOc Cd cdl dOc ndo Idn hanch! cdng v6tu khdng? dyng ngdn ngff ndu nhdn xdt, ddnh gid, bdy 0\[ cdng vd tu Id due d trdt Trong luit cdi gi td thdi d | quan dllm (qud Irlnh ndy dupe gpl Id eOng cdng bdng hgp vdi ddc trdl, nhu vdy md l$p lu$n binh lu$n) Ndl cdch khdc, binh lu$n Id khdng ddng ggl Id dgo due Hnh vi sao? Ut! sp thu$t ngff dupe dung d l djnh danh cho hogt ngudi Utdng t^n d^ng lu^l md thdi Niu fdt) d§ng, ngudi dOng ngdn ngff If Id, ddn chdng di^ng cOng dO Irgn v^n dgo Idm ngudi rSl, bit tdt ^ bdn, ddnh gid vd phd blnn, nh$n xdt nhdm phdl di tim cdi gi khde'{}) bdn lu^n cho m$t sy v$t, sy vl|c hoy nt$t v i n d l , dopn trich trdn, Nguyin Trudng Td bdn Kr dd bdy td thdi d | cOo bdn thdn vd di ^ nhffng v l sy cdn thilt ci3o ludt phdp d l l vdi xd hdi,da nhgn djnh, kit lu$n dOng ddn, sdu sdc Qua dd, h> thyc l l v l vol h-d cOa ludl phdp d l l vdi mol t h i hi|n rd hr tudng, Hnh cdm, thdi d$ cOo minh ngudi ddn, vdi xd hdl dd ndu Idn nhffng nhdn x6t dd'l vdi bdn thdn sy vi|c Nhu v$y, cd i h l khdng djnh binh lu^n Id thoo MnriWfl|ili9CitfpMMll^N^2 Tap chi Cl^o Juc so 295 (ii* i • io/aoiai xdc ddng v l gid h-j vd vol trd cuo lung edeh cdu hip nhdn Ndn, oinh ludn, ngudi vilt phdl cd true, b l eye dogn, bdl vdn d l xdc djnh dOng ndl thdi dd khdch quon, k h ^ g dupe xem xdt vdn d l dung dupe ludn, ludn cdn h'inh bdy trung thye, thodi mdl, phlln d i ^ , chO quan, dp ddt; cdc ldl rd rdng; - Khi binh, phdi rtdu vd bdo v^ quon dllm binh khdng phdl dupe rut ro h> mdt vdi lap ludn cOa minh, ihuylt phyc ngudi tllp nhdn ddt nllm don gldn, so sdi Hon nuo, ngudi vllt |:^dl kheo tin vdo nhffng ddnh gid dd VI thi, klii binh ludn, Ido duo ro kiln gldl ridng, hinh bdy nhffng phdl cdn hdnh thdi dp eye doan, khdng i h l hidn qud hidn mdl v l y ngnTa cuo vd'n d l ddl Khi thyc h i ^ binh ludn md Ididng bill long ghdp vdi nhffng muc, khdng phCi hpp vdi sy thdt Trong vdn NL, binh ludn Id mdt thao tdc quan phdt h i ^ ridng thi se Ipo nhung Idp ludn so Irgng, nhd dd, naudi vlll mdi cd thi thi hldn rd gldn, thilu sue thuyll phyc nhcft tu hjdng, linn cdm, ihdl dp cua bdn thdn vdi Vdi ddc Id dpng lap ludn mang tfnh khdl npl dung N L Quo hogt ddng ludn vd binh, md qudt, binh lupn Fd thao tde lap tudn cd vj tri h/ do, ddc bidi Id binh, ngudi vllt cd co sd d l too na sy cd mdt d khdp mpl nol, mpl chd, dupe su dyng khdch quan vide i h l hldn nhln nhpn ddnh nghj bdn mpl vdn de (vdn hpc vd cd cdc vd'n gid cOo minh v l vdn d l ; hoy binh ludn Id thao tdc d l cOa ddl sing xa hdl), cOng Id thoo h^c ed t h i ^ p ludn ddl hdl ngudi vllt phdl thi hidn rd nhffng kit hpp vdi td't cd cdc thoo hie lap lupn khdc (khi hllu bill, v$n dyng i l l ndng lye h/ nhdm kit hpp vdi phdn Kch, se Igo ro ca sd khoo hpc Tap chifilaodue s6 (kt i • lo/aoia) ddn d i n nh$n d)nh, kit ludn, gi6p cho ndl dung trinh bdy mong tfnh khdch quan vd cd sdc thuyll phyc; kit hpp vdi so sdnh sd tgo nhffng Idi ddnh gid gIdu hinh dnh, stnh ddng; phdi hpp vdi bde bd gl6p cho v l n di bdn ludn dupe khdng d|nh thdm v l tfnh dung ddn, Idm rd gid h) eija vd'n d l dupe ddnh gid; kit hpp vdi ting hpp sd glup ngudi vllt tpo sy khdl qudt cho vdn d l dupeaOcrOt ), Khi tgo l$p VBNL, d l sd dyng tit thao tdc Idp lu$n, ngudi vllt c i n thyc hl|n cdc budc sou: 1) Xdc djnh rd n i l dung cdn bdn ludn; 2) Ldm sdng Id v nghTa vd'n d l cdn binh ludn thdng qua phdn Kch, chdng minh ho^c gidi thfch; 3) DOng If Id vd ddn ehung chf ro tfnh dOng sol, Knh chdn If effa vdn d l , Idm ca sd cho v i ^ nh|n xdt, binh gid; 4} DOng If Id, Idp ludn vd ngdn ngff d l bdn, binh vd ddnh gid van d l Thoo tdc l|p ludn btnh ludn Id m i l ndl dung cOa Idm vdn, dupe gldl thl|u chuong hinh Ngff vdn 1 Trudc ddy, binh ludn duqc col Id mdt kilu bdl, din Id m|t nhffng thoo tdc Idp ludn dupe si> dyng Ipo Idp VBNL Oi hpc sinh (HS) bill cdch binh lu^n vilt vdn, Ngff vdn 11 dd trlln khai thdnh ndl dung dgy hpc vdi hoi Kit (If thuylt vd thyc hdnh), ndn dpy hpe ndl dung ndy, gido vidn (GV) phdi ehu y ldl m$t s i vd'n d l sou: - Ddy Id mpt nhffng ndi dung quon trpng, ndn dpy, GV phdl hang bj cho HS nhffng hllu blit vd thao Ide Idp ludn binh ludn Trong Ngff vdn 1 , nhffng n^i dung If ludn v l thoo tdc Idp ludn binh ludn dupe hlln khol thdnh cdc n$i dung nhd nhu myc dfch, ydu cdu, cdch binh ludn VI v0y, G V glup HS ndm dupe ddy dO cdc n|i dung If ihuylt ndy, ddc bl|t, ndn dpy thdng qua nhffng VBNL ey the Ngff vdn 11 dupe bat odu tu nhffng hinh thdc blnn ludn ihudng dupe nhde tdl h'ong cudc sing (binh ludn tinh hinh ihdl sy, binh lu|n qudn sy, i h l thao ) d l If gidi J' nghTa cOo tu binh ludn Sou dd, SGK ddn dot dogn trfeh «X/n lip khoa luif ciio Nguyin Trudng T | d l hudng ddn HS Hm hllu vd dl d i n vdi nhffng n$i dung co bdn v l myc dfch, ydu cdu cOng nhu khdi ni|m binh ludn Tuy nhldn, ddy Id kiln ihdc mdl cua chuong hinh ndn dgy, GV cdn thyc hl|n thdm m | l nhl|m vy nffa, Id cung edp khdl nl|m v l thoo tdc l|p ludn binh ludn Tneo ehung tdl, d l tgo thudn Ipi cho HS, khdl nl|m v l thao tde Idp ludn ndy cd t h i trinh bdy nhu sou: Binh lugn mao tdc lip lugn mdddd ngudi ndl, ngudi vlit si} dvng If /S, cA5n chung nhSm bdn bgc ddnh gid vi m^t hlin tugng (vin di) ddl sing no vdo ngff ll|u dd phdn tfch d l chf myc dfch, ydu cdu eOa thoo tdc Idp lu^n ndy, chi3 yiu dupe, t h i hi|n qua hoi khfa cpnh sou: + Myc dich cOa binh ludn Id bdn bgc ddnh gid v l vdn d l dd ndu; + Mudn cho y kiln btnh ludn cd sdc thuyll phyc, ngudi dpc (ngudi nghe) cdn ndm vffng van ii can binh ludn, Idm rd tfnh dOng sol cOa vdn d l , nhffng bllu hl|n cy t h i cDa vdn d l vd thi hi^n dOng ddc dllm cOng nhu kl ndng binh ludn - Cdch thyc hl|n ihoo tdc vllt vdn Id nil dung quon h-png nhdt, vl|c hong bi cdch binh ludn Id CO sd gi6p HS cd t h i ndm dupe quy hinh thyc hl|n vd v^n dyng vdo thye t l bdl Idm Muln trang bj cho HS cdch thyc hl|n, GV cdn ndu thdnh cde budc eo bdn (khdng ndu so lupc, ehung chung) sd glup HS d l ddng vd thudn k^l hon thyc hdnh vd t i p su dyng ihoo h^c ndy N^ltvdn Di HS cd I h l djnh hudng tdl v$n dyng thoo tdc ndy hong qud hinh luy|n t | p hoy vilt bdi, GV ehf rd quy hinh thyc hl|n thoo tdc ndy boo gim cdc budc: 1) Ndu hl$n h/png (vdn de) cdn binh ludn; 2} Ddnh gid hi|n tupng (vim di] cdn binh ludn; 3) Bdn v l h l | n Urgna (vdn d^) cdn binh ludn M u l n glup HS cd the khdl qudt vd ndu diipc quy h-lnh thyc hl$n thoo Idc h'dn, G V phdl xuol phdt h> nhffng ngff li$u cy ihl D l gldl quyd ngff li$u thudn Ipi, h | thing cdu hdi hudng ddn HS tllp cdn ngff ll|u edn gdn liln vdi vide nhgn d l ^ ludn d l l m chtnh (tuong dng vdt vl$c xdc djnh vd'n d l cdn NL) Sou dd, cho HS phdn Kch nhffng bllu hl|n v l cdch l$p ludn triin khai n|i dung vd ndu nhdn x l l v l cdch binh ludn - Dd'l vdi vi|c t l chuc luy|n Idp thyc hdnh, GV phdl thyc hi|n hal nhl|m vy cobdn: + Cho HSIn t$p Ipi cdc kiln thdc If thuyll Vl|c dn l$p If thuylt (boo qudt ddy dO nhffrig n$l dung If thuylt da hpc) cd i h l dupe ihye hl|n dudi hinh thue kllm Ira bdl cO, hodc ydu cdu HS nh|n didn v l binh ludn cffng nhu cdch thyc hl|n ihoo tdc ndy Irong nhffng ngff ll|u mdl; + lOil eho HS luy|n tdp thyc hdnh, G V sd dyng cdc bdi t | p trang SGK vd cd nhffng bdl t$p md r|ng d l cd co sd ddnh gid ndnglyc nhdn ihuc cua HS Cdn eu vdo thdi lupng gid hpc md G V cd t h i ehpn lyo cde bdl Idp cho thfch hpp (dya vdo thong ddnh gid nhdn ihirc cOo Bloom, khdng chpn lya ngdu hdng) (Xem tlip trang 17] Tap chifilaodue s6 (iti i • io/aoia) cd'p trdn BDTD cd tir khda Id DAU PHAY, sou dd duo lung vf dy minh hpo vdo mSi nhdnh cho phCi hpp nlVUMMapkva Theo trinh ty ndv, sou dupe sdng tgo, HS sd ghi nhd Idu nan v l tde dyng cOa dd'u phd'y Cdc em cd t h i Id'y thdm m§t sd' vf dy khdc ngodl SGK v l tdc dyng cOo dd'u phd'y Thdm vdo dd, nhijng sdn phd'm dd tpo sd Id tdi li|u quy d l cdc em t$p hpp Igi vd dOng d i n dn t^p cud'l ndm SUMMARY '^^erevl^onsesstonsgenercrilytiave a large amount of knowledge, tiut consul of no new ones, mainly syntt)eslsar)dsystemlzatlon of knowledge and skills lecffnt Therefore, school periods are often dry and dlf^ult to attract students If the teacher does not properly organize teaching The use of Mind maps support a numt>er of activities during revision sessions will bring new and Interesting academic atmosphere, catch students' attention, as well as save time yet remain hlgtity effective Students will be at^ to use tt)ekrK>wledge learnt, knowledgeat^e and practical experience under the guidance of teachers to draw up a aiagram, a big future of the lesson Thelmpresskjnof the bnjshwork and the colors of the Ivfind maps will aid In remaining the contents of the lesson In the students'memory Thao tac lap luan binh luan (Tlip theo trang 20} Thoo tde Idp ludn binh lupn Id mpt nhung thao tde quan trpng vd cdn thilt Trong VBNL, thoo Idc ndy cd nhung ddc dilm, vol trd vd gid BDTD Id m | t nhffng phuemg tl$n tr! ndng, nhl$m vy NL ridng V I bdn chd't, binh hd trp ddc lye cho G V DH nhdm bdl dn ludn Id nhung suy ludn, phdn dodn cd tfnh khdl t^p eua phdn mdn Luyin ti> vd cdu Idp Sd qudt, dupe ngudi vllt su dyng nhdm ndu nhffng dyng BDTD sd giOp HS tfch eye, chO d$ng nhln nhdn, ddnh gid vd thi rildn thdi dd cuo bdn hpc Idp, khd ndng ghi nhd, khdl qudt hda kiln thdn Hon nffa, VBNL, binh ludn cd thi cd thi>c dupe edi thi^n HS dupe vdn dyng vd m0t d khdp mpl noi, cd thi kit hop vdi cdc thoo phdt huy td'l da cdc k i l n thi>c, kT ndng dd hpc tde Idp ludn khdc Tuy nhldn, muin vdn dyng td't d cdc mdn hpe khdc (Todn, MT thudt, Khoa thao Idc Idp ludn ndy too lap VBNL, GV cdn hgc, ) Cde em dupe b$c Id, t h i hi^n ndng xdc djnh ydu cdu, nhffng cdn cu co bdn d l too khid'u hdl hpa, sy ndng d$ng, sdng Igo, cOa thudn Ipi nhdt djnh cho vide day vd tllp nhpn minh N h u vgy, DH vdi sy hd trp eua BDTD thao Idc lap ludn ndy Q glijp G V d l ddng thyc hl$n vi^c tfch hpp npl dung k i l n thue, kT ndng eOa ede mdn (1) (2) Ngtfvfin 11, tSp NXB Gido due, H 2007 mdt mdn hpc md vdn ddm bdo n$l dung kiln Tii lifu tham khio thue trpng tdm D i n g thdi, d l l u quan trpng Id Le A (chu bifin) Thyc hknh Ldm vfin )(^ 11 NXB m | l khdng hpc t$p vui vd, hl$u qud dd Gido due H 2009 dupe tgo nhd sy ho trp cuo BDTD BDTD se Phan TrQng Lu^n (ting chu bi&n) Ngft vfin 10 Id mdl Irong nhOng cdng cy ho Irp ddc lye NXB Cido