OlAO DMC NtrdC NOOAl MOI so MO HiNH OOAN l i CO SO GlAO ODG M I M HON NGOJll CONG U P TRfiNTH^GIOI Q TS T R A N THI N G Q C T R A M ThS B O I T H | KIM TUY^N'''' HI thd''''ng gl6o dvc vd md htnh qudn li gl6[.]
OlAO DMC NtrdC NOOAl MOI so MO HiNH OOAN li CO SO GlAO ODG M I M HON NGOJll CONG UP TRfiNTH^GIOI Q TS T R A N THI N G Q C T R A M - ThS B O I T H | KIM TUY^N' H I thd'ng gl6o dvc vd md htnh qudn li gl6o dye (QLGD) n6l chung, qudn If co sd gido dye m6m non (GDMN} ndl rl6ng cOa cdc nude h'dn th^ gldl rd't khdc vd da dqng; l^dng nhOng th^, nd cdn chju si/ chi ph^l cOo t h i ch^ nhd nude, chfnh sdch gido dgc, md hinh vd h-inh d$ phdt trlln kinh ti, truyin ih^ng vdn hdo, Ijch Sl} cuo m5l q u ^ gla ede t l ehi>e tdn gido; 3) Cdc coiddo chfnh q u y ^ dja phuong ho^c Hnh qudn tf; 4) Cdc co sd bdh tu nhdn m$t cd nhdn, m^t nhdm hodc m^t h^l qudn If nhung du6l sy gldm sdt cua ehfnh phO O nhllu nu6c, cdc t6 chi>e phi ehinh phO, n h ^ tdn gido vd cdc ti chuc hopt d$ng vl k?! nhudn cd t h i h3 h-p chfnh phO md rdng, tdng cudng, dilu ph^i v l ^ cung c^p chuong h-lnh chdm sdc, mOt sd' nu6c, co sd (CS) G D M N ngodl cdng G D M N e c nude thudc chdu Au, Bde Hoa W, ldp (NCL) da cd h> Idu vd dong trd thdnh nhdn \i cdc t^ chi>e tdn gido h5 trp cdc eo sd ehdm sdc, quon h-png ihuc dd'y si/ nghlip gido dye phdt G D M N vd thudng cho phdp cdc t^ chuc khdc si) w i n Cdc nude ndy rd't quon tdm hSrl tinh vyc gido dyng h-y sA cua minh cho myc dfch ndy dye, da ban hdnh nhChig bO ludt GD NCL vd nhd O cdc nude ehu/ln tir nln kinh t l ^ hopch dd CS G D M N NCL phdt h-lln m$t cdch cd hi$u hda sang nln kinh t l thj hvdng, cdc CS GDMN qud Vf dy: d Phdp cdc dl^u ludt ndy dd cd h> t h i NCL phdt h-lln mpnh hodn ednh chinh fA\i ki XIX, d Hdn Qud'c cd Ludt Gido dye tu thyc h> gldm h5 trg, Ichd khdn v l tdl chfnh vd phi tdp ndm 19d3, Thdi Lan c6 Dllu lugt cdc hvdng h; h-ung hda Sy da dpng hda cuo cdc CS GDMN thyc h> ndm 1982, Trung Quoc cd Ludt Phdt trlln NCL vua khuyln khich cdc hopt d$ng chdm sdc gido dye N C I h> ndm 2002, G D M N vira Idm gla tdng sy thilu btnh ddng hong 1) Vi CO cd'u hi thing: Cf cdc nude Trung vide Hip cQn G D M N M$t s^ nhd cung cd'p CS Au, E>dng Au vd Trung A, v l ^ chuyin h> nln kinh G D M N NCL khuyln khich sy tham gla cua cha te k l hogch hdo tqp trung sang nln kinh l l thj m? vd cdng ddng V( dy chuong trinh « Tdng bude h-udng dd Idm bung nd* cdc co sd chdm sdc trd m^f (Step by step) cua Vi^n Xo hdl md cd em h'ong thdi glan bd' me dl Idm Cdc cudc l^do sdt, nghlSn cuu v l G D M N UNESCO thyc hl^n ndm 1988 vd 0 cho th^iy, hdu hit cde nude d i u dd cd chuong trinh chdm sdc, G D M N ddnh cho trS trdn hjdl, vdl loql hinh nhu sou: 1) Cdc co sd cua nhd nude cdc hi qudn If; 2) Cdc co sd h/ nhdn cdc cd nhdn, nhdm, cdc h^l dupe chfnh thue cdng nhdn ho^e 2-5 hj^i, Kry theo ago ludt quy dinh d hjng nude 2) Vi hp ki hogch: qudn If nhd nude nd! chung, dd cd qudn If gido dye iSn tpl hal CO chi: Co c n l k l hopch hdo tdp trung vd co ehl phi tpp trung, djnh hudng thj hvdng mpnh • VKi Khoa bfc ^ o dvc Viet H M Tap chi Glao due s6 ndm 2009 Chinh phO phd'l hpp vdl to chuc phi chinh dyo vdo cdng ddng trdn todn qudc dd h-p glup h-d em 3-5 tudl bj thidt thdi (bdng edeh cung cdp glo su, sdch vd, cdc ngudn lye gido dye kdm theo glup cha me chudn bj sdn sdng cho vide di hpc cuo trd em) Hldn noy, vl$c qudn li nhd nude cOa chinh vd glua cdc khu vyc G D M N cdng ldp vd G D M N NCL cd the djnh lldu cdc djch vy chdm sdc G D M N dot dupe cdc chud'n ehd't lupng, ddp ung nhu cdu dja phuong, thOc dd'y hidu qud chi phf vd dpt duoc cde mye tidu cdng bdng theo xu hudng ehfnh sou: 1) «Td chiic hdnh ehinh" cdc CO quan chju trdch nhidm ve chdm sdc G D M N d cd'p qudc glo vd muc dp tfch hpp, chdm sdc vd gido dye; 2) «Phi top trung hda" phpm vl d d thd'm q u y i n ve chdm sdc G D M N dupe troo eho cdc cd'p thd'p hon cd'p qud'c gla; 3) «Val trd cOa khu vyc CS G D M N NCL" - muc dd md d d vl^c hopch djnh ehfnh sdch G D M N vd eung cd'p dich vy duoc ehio sd vdl khol CS G D M N NCL Co e h l qudn li co sd G D M N ngodl cdng ldp cOo Hoa Ki vd Canoda Id co e h l phi tdp hvng vd djnh hudng thj hvdng mpnh M d hinh qudn If ndy dd gldm eho gido dye mpt khodn ngdn sdch Idn d l nudi bd mdy hdnh chinh cdng k i n h Vi qudn li mpt don vt nhd vd h-yc t l l p nen he thdng gido dye rd't llnh hopt vd hidu qud Cung chfnh nhd sy qudn If ey t h i tn/c h i p ndy md nhung d y dn gido dye, nhiJng d l tdl khoo hpc nhanh chdng nhpn dupe cung ung ve tol chfnh eung nhu cdc phuong tidn de thye hldn vd dupe d p dyng nhanh chdng vdo thyc h i n d Hoa Kl, Bd Gido dye khdng thyc hl$n chuc ndng qudn If trye tllp vd todn dl$n ddl vdi todn bd h$ thd'ng gido dye lidn bang Chinh quyin cdc bong, cde phdng gido dye qudn vd nhd trudng cd quyin h/ ehu rd't coo qudn li mpl mdt hopt ddng eua ede trudng NCL theo khudn khd' phdp ludt (Ludt lidn bong vd ti>ng bang) Kinh phf eho gido dye h> cdc bong vd cdc phdng gido dye qudn, kinh phf lidn bang ehl mdl phdn nhd vd chO yiu ddnh phyc vy ede dd'l h/png khd khdn Cdc co quon qudn If cOo bong ed trdeh nhl$m vd quyin hpn Idn phpm vl, xdy dyng k l hopch chlln lupc phdt trlln gido dye cOo bong cho din phdn b^ ngudn tdl chfnh, qudn li gido vidn, quydtdjnh ndl dung chuong h'inh ddo tpo cua cdc lopl hinh gido dye cd cdng ldp vd ngodl cdng ldp Vdl quon nldm gido dye Id mdt lopl hinh djch vy xd hdl, CO ehl phi tdp h-ung vd djnh hudng th) trudng mpnh dupe ddc trung bdl sy phdn quyin mpnh cho chinh quyin ede bong, ed trdch nhidm qudn li mpl lopl hinh co sd GDMN, hopch djnh vd thyc thi k l hopch gido dye tgi bong minh Cdc co sd gido dye cd quyin h; cho rd't cao v l mpl mdt khudn khd ludt phdp lidn bang vd ludt phdp cOa h>ng bong Chinh vd cde co quan qudn If gido dye qudc glo nhu Bd Gido dye chO yiu cd val trd hopch djnh vd td chuc thyc hl^n cdc chlln lupc vd myc tidu phdt h'lin gido dye quoc glo h5 trp tdl chfnh vd qudn li ede chuong trinh gido dye cOo lidn bong, xdy dyng vd bon hdnh cdc chudn myc qud'c gla v l gido dye nhu cdc chuan kiln thue vd kr ndng cho cdc dd hjd'l Hoo Ki dd sdng tpo du