30 so 10 2011 DaUvaHpC JNGAY NAY Nang cao hieu qua giang day mon Giao due hgc IVIam non thong qua xay dirng va sur dung bai tap thirc hanh of TrUcfng CDSP Kien Giang NGUYEN THI Tl/Oll TrUdng CDSP Kidn[.]
30 so 10-2011 DaUvaHpC JNGAY NAY Nang cao hieu qua giang day mon Giao due hgc IVIam non thong qua xay dirng va sur dung bai tap thirc hanh of TrUcfng CDSP Kien Giang NGUYEN THI Tl/Oll TrUdng CDSP Kidn Giang D di mdi phUdng phdp dgy hpc Id mdt nhQng nhiem vu quan trpng nham dap Qng mgc tidu, npi dung dgy hpc mdi d cdc d p , bdc hpe he thdng gido dgc Viet Nam hien Mpt trpng nhQng djnh hQdng cd ban cua viec ddi mdi giao dgc Id chuyen tQ nen gido dgc mang tinh hdn lam, kinh vien, xa rdi thQc t i l n (dgy hpc djnh hQdng npi dung) sang nen gido dgc chu trpng vide hinh thdnh ndng IQc hdnh ddng, phat huy tfnh tfch cQc, chu ddng, sdng tap cua ngQdi hpc (dgy hpc djnh hQdng ndng IQc) Qua dd ta thiy, ky nang thQc hdnh trd thdnh muc tieu trpng tdm eua cdng tdc ddo tgo hidn trudng SQ pham, men Giap due hpc M i m non (GDHMN) vQa Id mdn hpe cP b i n , vQa Id mdn cd sd vd Id mdn nghidp vu eua chuyen ngdnh gido dgc m i m non (GDMN), cd the khang djnh ddy Id mdn hpe cdt loi, trung tdm cua chuyen ngdnh, vdi mgc tieu giup sinh vidn n i m vQng nhQng kien thQc vd ky ndng eua todn bd qua trinh chdm sdc gido dgc cho tre IQa tudi m i m non Do dd, mdn GDHMN Id mdn hpe ddng vai trd quydt dinh vide gidi quydt tdng the ede ky ndng thQc hdnh che chuydn ngdnh GDMN GDHMN vQa hinh thdnh cho sinh vidn hdng logt cdc ky ndng thQc hidn qud trinh chdm sde - gido dgc tre thQc td (ky ndng thid't ke vd td ehQc cdc hogt dpng an, ngu, vui chdi, hpc tap ), dd'ng thdi dinh hQdng, eung cd vd ldm sdng td nhQng hieu bidt cua SV vd cae mdn hpc cP sd, cd ban vd nghipp vu, gdp p h i n hien thQc hda nhQng ly ludn ngdnh hpc vdo thQc tien hogt ddng chdm sdc - gido due tre Theo dd quan diem dgy hpc hien dgi, dd nhin nhdn vd khang djnh vai trd chu the, tieh cQc cua ngudi hpe, qud trinh dgy hpc, gido vidn ddng vai trd Id ngudi thidt ke, td chQc cdc hogt dpng vd tgo mdi trQdng thudn Ipi nha't cho ngUdi hpe tham gia vde cdc hoat dpng hQu ich nham phat trien todn didn nhdn cdch cd nhdn De thUc hien chQc ndng ndy, ngQdi t h i y phdi ddi mdi vide dgy hpc cua minh, dd vide xdy dQng vd sQ dung bdi tap (BT) dgy hpe Id v i n dd m l u chdt Bdi bdi tdp Id mpt yeu td r i t quan trpng cua qud trinh dgy hpe Cd the ndi, thuc c h i t hpc tap Id qud trinh gidi mdt hd thdng bdi tap da dgng Vdi ddc trQng cua minh, mdn GDHMN r i t can nhQng bdi tap thQc hdnh (BTTH) n h i m eg the hda cac yeu d u hinh thdnh cdc ky ndng thQc hdnh cua mdn hpc Vdy thd ndo Id bdi tap thQc hdnh? Theo TQ dien Giao dgc: Bdi tap thQc hdnh Id nhQng bdi tdp dQpc sQ dyng hoat dpng thQc hdnh, nham giup ngQdi hpc cimg ed, n i m vOng tri thQc, rdn luydn ky ndng, ky xao nhat djnh cua ndi dung tri thQc ndo dd, qua dd phdt trien ndng iQc ddc lap, sdng tgo tQ nhQng tri thQc dd cd Trong cac trQdng ddo tgo nghd, cdng tde thQc hdnh thQdng bao gdm ede hogt dpng nhQ ldm BTTH, ldm thi nghidm, thifc hdnh nghidn cQu, thQc hdnh s i n xud't vd thQc tap nghe nghidp Td't c l cdc dgng luydn tap thQc hdnh da dgng, phcng phu ndy dupe thuc hipn nhdm ddp Qng ydu cau chung vd chuydn biet eua mdi ngdnh nghd Song thdng qua cdc hinh ndy, giup cho hpc sinh ndng cac ndng iQctU duy, ndng iQc hogt dpng thQc tien Van de xdy dQng vd sQ dgng cdc "bdi tap" treng viec dgy hpe tQ Idu da dupe cdc nhd gido due ddc bidt quan tdm bdi hieu qua tuyet vdi vd todn didn cua nd, bdi tap khdng chi giup ngudi hpc hinh thdnh kien thQc mdi, cDng cd kien thQc cu, hinh thdnh nen cdc ndng iQc hogt dpng theo ydu d u cua tQng ITnh vQc, chuyen ngdnh (nang liic chuyen mdn) md cdn giup ngudi hpc hinh thdnh ndn nhQng ndng iQc khde nhQ nang iQe phQdng phdp, nang IUc xa hpi (hudng cho ngudi hpc kha ndng khai thac tdi lieu, kha ndng ldm vide nhdm ), ddng thdi BT dupe dung nhueong eg de kiem tra, ddnh gid k h i ndng hpc tap cua ngudi hoc D ^ V d l i p C SO 10-2011 •^NCAY NAY II Theo cac tdc gia Petrovski, Polia G, Lecne.l.la.,, Phgm Minh Hgc, Nguyin Ngpc Quang, Hd The NgQ, Dang vu Hegt, Thai Duy Tuyen ehp rang du Id bdi tap dQdi dang ndp di nQa thi BT cd vj trf dac biet quan trpng, khdng the thieu qua trinh day hpc BT dQpc xem nhQ Id phQdng tien de thQc hipn mpt tdng quat cdc mue tieu dgy hpc da de vd chQa dgng npi dung day hpc, dQpc sQ dung cd hQu d tat ea cac khau cua qua trinh day NhQng thQc te, he thdng bdi tap giao trinh vd bdi tap thQc hdnh ddnh cho mdn GDHMN cdn khd khidm tdn, it di Cac bai tap thQc hanh tai lieu thQc hanh ehi tap trung vao p h i n ly lugn ma chQa chu trpng vdo vide ren luyen ky ndng nghe nghiep, cac bai tap thieu tinh cap nhat Scng song dd, vide giing day mdn GDHMN d TrQdng CDSP Kien Giang, giao vien chQa ehu trpng den vipc xay dQng BTTH ddnh chp mdi ddn vj kien thQc ly thuyet de van dgng vdc thQc tidn cham sdc - gidc dgc tre, vi nhidu ly khac nhau, nhQng ly dau tien vd quan trpng nhd't dd Id: phan da gidp vien thieu kien thQc va ky ndng xdy dQng vd sQ dung BTTH, hp chQa biet rd quy trinh xdy dQng, chQa bid't cdch sQ dgng bdi tap vdo bdi giang mpt each hdp ly Vi vdy, mudn gido vien xdy dung va sQ dung tdt cdc BTTH, p h i i giup cho giao vien nam vQng cae ly thuyet xdy dQng vd sQ dung BTTH Vide xdy dQng dQpc met he thdng cdc bdi tap thQc hanh phu hdp vdi mgc tieu, nhiem vg va npi dung ly thuyet bdi hpc, phan dnh nhQng tinh hudng thQc t i l n gido due m i m non se d i m bao cdc ydu d u ren luyen kT nang td chQe ede hogt ddng giao dgc eho sinh vien; ddng thdi sQ dgng he thdng bdi tap theo qui trinh, phQdng phdp thieh hdp thi se phdt huy dQdc tfnh tfch cQc, dpc lap, sdng tgo cua sinh vien, gdp p h i n ndng cao chat iQpng vd hieu q u i dgy hpc mdn Vdi nhQng nghien cQu vd ly ludn vd thQc t i i n xdy dQng vd sQ dung BTTH mdn gido due hpe ndi chung vd men GDHMN ndi rieng, ehung tdi xin chia se mdt phan ly ludn vd thQc t i i n ve viec xdy dQng vd sQ dgng BTTH eua mdn GDHMN d TrQdng CDSP Kien Giang nhQ sau: Ve viec xay dUng BTTH, de dam bao hipu qua va dat yeu cau, chung toi de xua't nhQng nguyen tac can tuan thu sau / Cic nguyen tac xay di/ng BTTH * Cdc BTTH p h i i d i m bao tinh mge tieu vd g i n vdi npi dung eua mdn GDHMN Bdi tap thQc hdnh phai gan lidn vdi mge tidu cua bdi day, nghTa Id phai dQa vdc mgc tidu ve kien thQc, ky nang vd thai dp d n hinh thdnh, ren luydn che ngQdi hpc mdi chQdng, mdi p h i n , mdi ddn vj kien thQc ngQdi hpe d n hieu van dd gi? Thdng qua tri thQc dd ngQdi hpe phai dat dQdc nhQng ky nang nao va tQ kid'n thQc, ky nang dd se giup ngQdi hpc hinh thdnh ndn nhQng thdi dp phu hdp vdi nhdn thQc eua minh * Cdc BTTH phai d i m b i o tfnh khoa hpc Ve npi dung: P h i i d i m b i o Id nhQng kien thQc vd ky ndng trpng tdm, ndn tang, chfnh xac, cd tfnh ke thQa vd phdt trien, thQc hidn BTTH ngQdi hpe thu dupe 31 ndi dung kien thQc khoa hpc vd nhQng ky nang tQdng Qng theo chidu hQdng phQc tap vd ndng cao dan, phu hdp va mang tfnh thQc tien - Ve hinh thQc: BTTH phai dQdc xdy dQng ngan gpn, rd rdng, mgch Igc, van phong phu hdp vdi kien thQc eiia mdn hpe, tQ ngQ chuan xac * Cic BTTH phai dim bao tinh vda sdc, phit huy tinh tich cue, ehu dgng vi sing tao cho sinh.vidn Khi xay dQng vd sQ dung BTTH phai tinh den trinh dp nhan thQc cua sinh vien, bdi tap khdng qud khd cung khdng qua d i NhQ vay, thie't ke BTTH p h i i dam bao phu hpp vdi trinh dp nhgn thQc eiia sinh vien, nghTa la BTTH phai huy ddng tdi da nhQng kinh nghipm, vdn sdng ciia ngQdi hpc, tren cd sd dd ngQdi hpc tQ tim kidm, ITnh hdi nhung tri thQc mdi, ky ndng mdi phu hdp kha nang cua hp, ddng thdi phai tfnh den tfnh phat trien, thdng qua BTTH ddi hdi ngQdi hpc p h i i cd nd iQc y chf de g i i i quye't van de d mQc dp cac hdn so vdi kha ndng thgc te mpt bQdc, phat huy tfnh tfch cQc, chu dpng vd sang tgo ciia ngQdi hpc BTTH edn p h i i tfnh den nhidu yeu td khac nhQ: tfnh y nghTa ddi vdi cudc sdng, nghe nghipp cua BTTH; cd tfnh hap ddn, hdi hude cdng td't * Cac BTTH phai dam bao tinh thUc tiin Npi dung cac BTTH eho mdn GDHMN phai mang tfnh thie't thQc ddi vdi sinh vien, vQa gan lien vdi ed sd ly luan, vQa d i m bao phan dnh thQc trang chdm sdc giao dgc, dgc biet la hoat dpng day hpc d cac cd sd giao due m i m non hien * Cdc BTTH p h i i mang tfnh dien hinh, phd bien Tinh dien hinh: BT day hpc rat da dgng, phong phu, cd nhieu kieu, loai khac Trong dd d n chpn nhQng dgng, logi dgi dien, dac trQng nhat de lam BT dien hinh giup cho GV ed ed sd de xdy dQng BT tQdng tQ, cg the dQa trdn dd sinh vien giai quye't cdc BTTH tQdng tQ mdt each mem dec, linh heat Tinh phd bidn: Khi xdy dQng va dQa vdd sQ dgng cac BTTH phai tfnh den BT dd phai phu hdp vdi cdc ddi tQdng hpc sinh, sinh vien thude chuyen ngdnh m i m non d trQdng Cao dang sQ pham hay khdng? Cd p h i n dnh dQpc nhQng vQdng mac, thQc trgng vd ca phQdng hQdng ddi mdi dang d i i n hogt dpng dgy - hpc d trQdng m i m non hay khdng? * Bdi tap thQc hdnh phai cd tinh da dgng Sau xdc djnh ede bdi tap dien hinh cho tQng logi, tQng dgng Gido vidn d n thid't ke cdc BTTH eho phdt huy tdi da ndng IQc hidn cd cua ngQdi hpc, nghTa Id cdc logi, dgng BT dQpc xdy dQng d ede mQc dp khde nhau, phong phu, da dgng vd kieu, logi, tinh chat, ndi dung se tgo didu kien thudn Ipi eho vide sQ dgng qua trinh dgy hpe nhU: BT khai thdc tri thQc, ky nang mdi, BT dn luydn, cung cd tri thQc, ky nang eu, BT md rpng, khdi qudt tri thQc, ky ndng, BT kidm tra, ddnh gid tri thQc, ky ndng cua ngUdi hpe De hidn thQc hda cdc nguydn t i e xdy dung BTTH, chung tdi dd xud't ede bQdc thQc hidn vide xdy dQng BTTH nhQ sau: ' ;' SO 10-2011 iHpC UtfUval 'N'IAY NAY 1.2 Quy trinh xiy dung BTTH Buac Xac dinh vj tri, vai tro, miJC tieu, ngi dung cua mon noc Buoc • Xac djnh mitc tieu xay dung bai tap ^' Buoc Tim kiem, xac djnh nguon tai lieu nghien ciru, tim hieu, Itja chon dc xay dung BTTH Buoc w w Xac lap BTTH qua ttjng dan vi kien thijrc, bai, chirong, f Budc Buac Trien khai xay dirng cac BTTH ^' 1^ Kiem tra va lap ke hoach sur dung Buoc ir * Thu nghiem va dieu chinh BTTH cua mon GDHMN Buoc V Danh gia quy trinn xay dirng B11H Quy trinh xiiy dung BTTH Trudc dUa vdo sQ dung ede BTTH dd dupe xdy dung, chung ta hay ddi chieu vdi cdc yeu d u d n dgt cua mpt BTTH, 1.3 Cdc yeu cdu can d?t xay di/ng BTTH * BTTH phu hpp vdi mgc tidu cua mdn hpe, bdi dgy, ndi dung eua tQng chQdng, tQng p h i n : Khi xdy dQng BTTH d n chu y den nhQng ydu d u ve nuc tidu eua bdi dgy, day cdi gi? Hinh thdnh nhu the ndo? Phdt trien sao? BTTH chQa dQng nhQng npi dung cdt Idi cua bdi dgy ve kien thQc (eung cd'p, cung cd, khdi qudt), ky ndng (ky ndng thQc hdnh ndo) vd thdi dp d n hinh thdnh * BTTH p h i i n g i n gpn, rd rdng, khue chie't, cd tinh hap ddn C i u true bdi tdp the hidn tinh mach Igc cua cdc dO lieu (ddu Id didu kidn, ddu Id yeu d u d n giai quyet), van phong ngan gpn, dd hieu khdng dung thudt ngO chung Chung thieu tinh minh bgch, cung khdng sQ dgng thuat ngQ qud cg the se ddn den sQ ddi ddng khdng d n thie't * BTTH phu hpp kha ndng ehung eua sinh vidn vd co tfnh den ddc diem cd bidt BTTH phuc vu cho hogt dpng hpc tap cua sinh vien nham giup tid'p thu kien thQc, ky ndng nhanh chdng, ehinh xdc vd tfch CQc * BTTH ed tfnh thdi sQ dien hinh BTTH phai phan dnh mpt each day du khdi qudt hien thuc gido due eua bdc hpc MN, Id vide ddi mdi phUdng DaUvaHpC so ^o-20]^ JNC.W NAY ^»„ ^ ^ phap, hinh thQc, phQdng tien day hpc vd c l nhQng Qng dgng mdi cdng tdc giing day cdc cd sd GDMN, xu hudng phdt trien ciia ngdnh hpc * BTTH phai cd tinh da dang vd di sd dung Da dang dUde hieu Id xay dung BTTH p h i i tfnh den mQc dp eua tQng loai BT, sQ phong phu ve kieu, logi, dgng, tfnh chat, npi dung BT dQdc xdy dQng phuc vu cho td't c l cae khau qua trinh giang dgy Tinh d i sQ dung dQdc hieu BTTH phai giup ngQdi hpc tiep nhan mpt each thuan ldi va tU ban than ngu'di hpc cd the tu minh giai quyet tren cd sd sQ nd lUc ca nhdn Khi da xdy dQng dQdc he thdng BTTH phu hpp vdi yeu d u hinh thdnh tri thQc, ky ndng che tQng mgc, phin, ChQdng cua men GDHMN, chung ta se lap ke hpgch dua vdd sQ dgng cae BTTH phu hpp vdi cae bQdc vd ydu d u sau Suf dung BTTH 2.1 Quy trinh sd dgng Budc 1: Xdc djnh muc tieu ehe tQng chQPng, bdi, ddn vj kien thQc Budc 2: Xdc djnh iQpng tri thQc, ky nang trung tam cua bdi hpc, de iQa ehpn bdi tap sQ dgng phu hpp cho tQng phan cua bdi BUde 3: Gido vien ndu v i n dd, dQa bdi tap vdo cdc phan cu the theo d u true bdi hpe BUdc 4: To chQc cho sinh vidn giai quye't BT Gido vidn hQdng dan cho sinh vidn g i l l BT: Phdn tfch dO lieu cua BT Cdch bieu dat van dd hpp ly, chat che, gpn ghe - DQa cdc phQdng an ed the - Huy dpng vdn hidu biet, kinh nghidm cua ngQdi hpc - Quyd't djnh IQa ehpn phQdng dn tdi Qu Gido vidn Id ngQdi hQdng d i n , td ehQc vd dieu khien eho Idp ldm vide theo nhdm, cd nhdn nhim phdt huy he't khd ndng ehu ddng, tfch cQc sdng tao cua ngQdi hpe Bude 5: Giao vidn tdng hpp, khdi qudt hda kidn thQc dung nhd't tren ed sd ede phQdng dn da dQpc sinh vien g i l l thdng qua cdc BT BUdc 6: Gido vien rut kd't ludn eudi cung ve van de d n dupe hinh thdnh thdng qua BT (ed the la kien thQc, hoac ky nang) 2.2 Cdc yeu cdu sd dung BTTH SQ dgng bdi tap thQc hdnh p h i i phu hpp vdi mgc tieu bdi dgy NghTa Id vide sQ dgng bdi tap thQc hdnh p h i i sat vdi npi dung bdi dgy, mang tfnh eg the vd dac thu cua bdi day, ddng thdi d i m bao thQc hien mdt each d i y du cdc mgc tieu ve kid'n thQc, ky ndng vd thdi dp Bdi tap phai dQpc sQ dgng thQdng xuyen vd t u i n tQ Bdi tap dQpc xdy dQng trdn cd sd cd'u true eua bdi hpc, ed tfnh dd'n mQc dp, tfnh chd't eua bdi tap (tQ d l den khd, tQ ITnh hpi kidn thQc den eung cd kien thQc vd hinh thdnh ky ndng ) Mgc dfch trpng tdm nhd't cua bdi tap Id hinh thdnh ky ndng, thdng qua vide td ehQc eho ngQdi hpe dQdc luydn tap cdc ky ndng trdn cd sd cac BTTH Id dudng ren luydn cdc ndng lUe d n thie't ehe ngUdi hpc Vi vdy, gido vien d n p h i i sQ dung bdi tap mpt cdch thudng xuydn, tuan tQ phu hdp vdi d u true bdi dgy BTTH p h i i dupe sQ dgng vdi nhieu hinh thQc khac nhau, tgp hQng thu hpc tap cho sinh vien BTTH khdng chf sQ dgng eae gid thQc hdnh chQdng trinh qui djnh, ma BTTH cdn dQpc sQ dgng luc md bdi, qud trinh giang bdi mdi, sau giang bdi mdi, ngodi cdn sQ dgng cac hoat ddng di thQc te, ren luyen nghipp vu, kien tap, thuc tap thi BTTH mdi phat huy het vai trd, y nghTa eua nd ddi vdi viec hinh cac ky nang da dang vd pheng phu cho sinh vien, ddng thdi phat huy tfnh tfch cQc, chu dpng va sang tao qua trinh hpc tap cua sinh vien De tao hQng thu cho SV tham gia vao g i i i quye't cae BT, ddi hdi giao vien phai tfnh den cac yeu td: Thiet thQc, cd tfnh thdi sQ, gay d n , de thu hut SV tranh luan dQa nhieu phQdng an TQ dd sdng Ipc, phQdng an tdi Qu nhat Ngodi ra, de phat huy tdi da hieu qua cua BTTH ehung ta can phai chu y de'n dieu kidn sQ dgng BTTH nhQ: tdi lieu, chQdng trinh, ke hogch giing dgy, ed sd vat chat Cae BTTH chung tdi xay dQng vd dQa vdo sQ dgng qua trinh giang dgy mdn GDHMN d trudng CDSP Kien Giang dd dat dupe ket qua bQdc dau nhQ mong mudn: Sinh vien hQng thu, tich cQc, chu dpng vd sang tao gid hpc, kie'n thQc dupe hinh thdnh mpt each nhanh chdng, chfnh xdc va dUdc eung cd tren gid hpc, quan trpng hdn nOa Id hdng Idat cac ky nang hdnh ddng dUdc hinh thdnh nhU: Ky nang lam vide nhdm, ky ndng xay dQng va xac lap npi dung bdi giai, ky nang thQc hdnh theo yeu d u cua mdn hpe gdp p h i n thue hien todn dien, hipu q u i mge tieu cua mdn hpe Dac biet, BTTH da ldm thay ddi nhgn thQc, hanh vi va thai dp cua ngQdi hpc, lan ngQdi dgy: NgQdi hpc khdng trdng chd, y lai, tQ minh ldm ehu qua trinh hpc tap, tham gia vao qua trinh hpc tap vdi tam the het sQc thoai mai, the hien dQpc kha ndng cua b i n than; ngQdi dgy ngdy cdng nang eao nang iQc thie't ke BTTH va cae hinh thQc td ehQc hogt ddng, van dgng linh hpgt tdi da hinh thQc, phQdng phap vd phQdng tidn dgy hpc, nam dQdc k h i nang ITnh hci vd ndng iQc hcgt ddng eua tQng sinh vidn tren gid dgy Didu chmh tQc thdi nhQng sai sdt, vQdng mac qua tQng npi dung bdi dgy Ddy ehl Id nhQng ket qua ban dau cua vide xdy dQng va sQ dgng BTTH, ndu gido vien xdy dQng vd sQ dgng BTTH giing dgy mdn GDHMN hipu q u i , hpp ly vd thQdng xuydn sd giup ndng cao chat IQdng gidng dgy mdn hpc Mae du, mdi ehung ta cd nhQng iQa chpn rieng eiia minh vide ddi mdi phQPng phdp dgy hpc, nhQng td't c l ddu di den mgc tidu chung Id hinh thdnh nhQng ngQdi lao ddng mdi xQng vdi t l m cao mdi cua sQ phdt trien xa hdi Con ngQdi cua hdnh ddng, eua sQ ndng dpng vd sdng tgo Mpt chut nhQng kinh nghipm cd nhdn xin dQdc chia se tham gia vdo qud trinh thie't ke, td chQc hogt ddng dgy vd hpc cho sinh vien d TrQdng Cao dang SQ pham Kien Giang Rat mong dQdc su ddng gdp y kidn eua qui thiy, cd eho vide tc chQc thQc hidn ndy ngdy cdng hodn thidn hdn! ... Minh Hgc, Nguyin Ngpc Quang, Hd The NgQ, Dang vu Hegt, Thai Duy Tuyen ehp rang du Id bdi tap dQdi dang ndp di nQa thi BT cd vj trf dac biet quan trpng, khdng the thieu qua trinh day hpc BT dQpc... chuyen ngdnh m i m non d trQdng Cao dang sQ pham hay khdng? Cd p h i n dnh dQpc nhQng vQdng mac, thQc trgng vd ca phQdng hQdng ddi mdi dang d i i n hogt dpng dgy - hpc d trQdng m i m non hay khdng?... hieu qua cua BTTH ehung ta can phai chu y de''n dieu kidn sQ dgng BTTH nhQ: tdi lieu, chQdng trinh, ke hogch giing dgy, ed sd vat chat Cae BTTH chung tdi xay dQng vd dQa vdo sQ dgng qua trinh giang