Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
PHAT THIEN NANG LUII TD DDY CDD HDC SINH TRDNG HDC PHO THONG QDA HE THONG CAU HOI VA DAI TAP HOA HOC VE CAC NGDYEN TO NHOM OXI LOU HUYNH (HOA HOC 101 ThS VU MINH TUAN* Abstract Based exercises system[.]
PHAT THIEN NANG LUII TD DDY CDD HDC SINH TRDNG HDC PHO THONG QDA HE THONG CAU HOI VA DAI TAP HOA HOC VE CAC NGDYEN TO NHOM OXI-LOU HUYNH (HOA HOC 101 ThS V U M I N H TUAN* Abstract: Based exercises system teaching is a method to develop thinking capacity of student is applied in Vietnam to need educational innovation This paper introduces theoretical basis of building systems Oxygen- Sulfur exercises program and how to use these types of exercises to develop thinking capacity for high school students D ephat huy tinh tieh cue, sang tao eua hpe sinh (HS), viec ren luyen va boi dudng nang luc nhan thifc, nang lue giai quyetvan de, kha nang tu hpe eua cac em can dupc chu y dung mdc Trong day hpc mdn H6ahgc{HH), dac biet la ehuong OX/-IUU/?UJVJ/) (HH10}cd nhunq iing dung ratgan gui va lien quan chat ehe tdi thuo tien, giup HS cdkha nang nang cao nang luc tu duy, biet van dyng kien thdc da hpe vao tiiue tiln Trong HH,khicacchatphan ung vdi la mdt qua trinh bien dd'i ndi tai cua cac chat tham gla detao chatmcfi Quatrinh naytuan theo nhimg nguyen li, mdl quan he djnh tinh, dmh lupng va dua tren quy luat cua HH C o s d cua quatrinh tuduy HH dua tren mdi lien he giira cac qua trinh bie'n dd'i HH bieu hien qua dau hieu, hien tupng phan dng Dac diem cua qua trinh tuduy HH la ed suphd'i hpp chat che, thd'ng nhat gifla "cai ben trong" va bleu hidn ben ngoai; giira van de cu theva ban ehat trdu tupng, nghTa la cd mdi quan he gida nhflng hien tupng cuthe cdthe quan sat dupe vdi cac quatrinh khdng nhin tiiay 6iiac Md'i quan he dupc md ta, bleu dien bdi cac ki hieu,cdng thirc, phuong trinh Nhu vay, boi dudng nang luc tu HH choHS la giup cac em biet dua vao dau hieu quan sat 6[sqc ma phan doan ve tinh chatva subien dd'i npi tai cua chat dd Do HH la mdn khoa hpe li thuyet va thuc nghiem, can dua tren nhirng kTnang quan sat, cac hien tucffig HH de'tim mdi lien he nhan qua giua caehien tupng H H v d ban chat ben cua no Td dd, xay dung cac nguyen li, hpc thuyet, dinh luat HH roi lai van dyng chung vao thuc tiln, nghien cdu nhung van de ma thue tidn dat 44 Tqp chi Giao due so 367 Phattrien nang luc t u HH cho HS day hpc mon HH Trong qua trlnh phat trien tu HH cho HS, trudc het_, can giiip eac em hieu kie'n thdc mptcach viing eh^e, khdng may mde, bietvan dung vao giai cac bai tap hda hpc (BTHH), giai thich cac hien tucftig quan satdupc tiiyc hanh Nhuvay, tuduy HH cua HS dien quati^inh tiep tiiu vavan dung tii tfiiic Trong day hpc mon HH, nang lue tu HH eua HS the hien qua cae dau hieu nhu: - Cd kha nang ehuyen tai tri th ire vakTnang HH vaomdttinh hud'ng mdi; - Tai hien nhanh ehdng kie'n thde va eac mdi quan he lien quan degiai mpt BTHH Thiet lap mdi quan he ban chat giii^ cac su vat va hien tupng HH; - Cd kha nang phat hien nhimg dac die'm chung cua cac hien tupng HH khae cung nhusukhac giifa eac hien tupng tuang tu^ - Cdnang luc van dung kie'n thu'c HH vao thuc tien ddi sdng Day la ket qua td'ng hop cuasuphat trien tu D§cdtii&'giaiquyet tdtbaitoan thucte, ddi hdi HS phai cdsudjnh hudng, biet phan tich, suy doan va van dung cac thao tac tu duy, cudicung la to'chue thue hien mptcach cdhieu qua phuong an giai bai toan dd, Vai trd cua BTHH day hpc HH Dd'i vdl HS, hoat dpng giai BTH H giiip cac em phat trie'n nang luc quan sat, ghi nhd, ren luyen kha nang tudng tupng phong phu BTHH cocao vai trd sau: 3.1, Giup HS hiiu sau han cac khai niem HH rfa/ipc.HScdthehieuvatiiudc cac djnh nghTa, djnh luat, cac tinh chat ; nhien, neu khdng piai bai tap (BT) thi cac em se khdng n^m vifng va biet each van dyng kien thdc da hpc vao giai quyetvan de * Tnrdng Trung hpc ttiong Chuyen Tran Phu - Hai Phong -rh} ioi9.n7.fi) Vidu r.Khi kSthiJc bai hgc nghien ciili ve H^SO,, 1) Neu linh chat HH_ dac Irung cua oxi? Viet giao vien co the si)dung dang BT sau de giup HS phuong Irinh phan ling de minh hpa Lam the nao de nim viing cac tlnh chat HH: NSu vailro cua HfiO, chiing minh rang 0^ c6 linh oxi hoa manh hon 0^? cac phan ifng HH va viel mot so phan Ong 2) So sanh siigiong va khac vetinh chat HH minh hoa giiia oxiva luu huynh 3)Neutinhchat val livaHHcOaHjS.Viel phuong Oe giai BT nay, HS phai on lai kien thiJc ve tinh chatchung cua axit, dac diem rieng cua HjSO„ loang trinh phan ijfng mmh tipa Luu huynh co ganqd va dac, cac loai phan ling va phuong phap can b§ngdang muoi satsulfua.Cdthenhanra sued rratcua phan iJrng oxi hoa - khu Qua do, HS se hieu sau honiuu huynh bing giay tam muoi chi nhu the nao? tinh chatHH dac tmng cua axitsunfuric 4) Chpn cau Ira Idl dung Irong so cac cau sau: a) Cf dieu kien thudng oxi la khong mau, khong 3S Ma rong qua trinh van dung klen thiic muj, nhe hon khong khi; b) 0x1 tan lot Irong nudc; cua HS mgt each linh hoat l//'du2;Ket thuc bai hpc vedieu cheaxit nitric, giao c) Odieu kien Ihudng oxi la khdng mau, nang hdn vien CO ihe giao BTsau cho HS; Khicosetdanh (tiakhdng khi,cd mui khdchju;d} Oxi lachatoxl hda manh lia dien), axil nitric duac lao Ihanh tmng nuoc mua 5) Khi ddl chay cac chat {nhu: Ihan, luu huynh, Hay viet cac phuang trinh phan ling xay ra; tiido, giai_ hydro, sit ) Irong khdng va oxi thi trudng thich cau tuc ngOsau: "Liia chiem lap 16 dau ba HS hpp nao phan ung xay nhanh hdn? Tai sao? nghe lieng sam phal cd ma len" 6} Tai pha bang H^SO^ Ihi khdng dupc Qua Irinh glal BT mgtmatglupHS on tap va denude vao axil? van dung kien thiic vao thi/c tien, mat khac, giup cac 7J Be lam khd SO^, cd the su dung nhiing chal ern thay rSng HH khong piial la nhifng khai niem khohut am nao sau day: H,SO„ dac; Cab; P^O,; NaOH hieu,Injfu tuong ma rat g^n vdi cupc song rin; CaCI, khan? 3.3.Cungco,hethongh6alainhimgklenthuc 8) Visao dung djch H^S delau khdng da hqc khlbjvanduc? \/idu3:K\\\ on tap chuong Oxi- Luu huynh, giao vien CO the su" dung B i l l thuyet: rL/" cac nguyen lieu 9) Trinh bay phuong phap Ihu SO^ dleu che Irong phdng Ihi nghiem? Lam the nao de biet Ifhongiihi, quangpiril, muoian vanu&c, vietphuang dupc binh chiia da day? Irinh phan ling dieu che cac chat sau: dung dich 10) Viet cac phudng trinh phan ling xay H^O: FeSO,: FeJSOj^ Gegiai bai toan, HS bupc phai n§m viing tinh chatdieu che H S0„ lii quang piril Neu dleu liien de lien hanh cac phan ling dd Irong cdng nghiep Tai HH ctJa sat, axitsunfuric khdng dung nudc ma dung H^SO, dac de' 3.4 Ren luyen kinang, kixao cho HS Trong hoat dong giai cac BTH H, H S da tu ren luyen cap khap T Ihu SO3? 4J Cau hoi vaBT theo miic linh hgi va nang, kTxao can Ihiel nhu: lap cong thiic, can bjng phuang trinh phan iing,tinh toan HH,lam Ihinghlem ranrfu/7Si.De'gialBTdmucddnay,HSkhdngnhiing Thong qua qua trinh gial BT thucdig xuyen, iau dan phai nim viing klen thiic da tiep thu ma can siidung cac em se nam chic Ii thuyet, biet van dung dupc cac Ihao tac tuduy phan tich,tong hpp,so sanh Ihao lllhuyelvao giai cac BT de biet each van dung kien Ihiic da hpc vao tiing tinh J.5 Phat trien tu cho HS Khi gial mot hudng cy the day miic lu ciia HS da dat d BTHH, dac biet la BT long hctp, HS bupc phai suy miic dpcao hon luan {phan licli, long hop, ), suy nghT tim each glai 1) Giai thlch llnh oxi hda manh ciia 0^ Lay vi du quyetvan de minh hpa 3.6 Giao due tu tuang cho HS Qua Irlnh giai 2) Chiing minh ring H^S la mpt axit Deu la hpp BTHH da gliip HS ren luyen diige tinh kien nhan, chaitcua luu huynh, nhung taisao H^S chicdtinh kliu tinh san^ tao xuli cac van de, dong Ihd', cosiiyeu cdn SO, vua cd tinh khii, viia co llnh oxi hda? Viet Ihich doivdinion hpc hon phuang Irinh phan ilng minh hpa Hot so dang BT chuang 0x1-Luu huynh 3)Chiing minh ring SOj viia cd tinh oxihda, vua (HH10)' cd tinh khu Viet phuang trinh phan ling minh hpa 4.1 Cau hoi vaBT theo trinh tim hieu, tai hien nhim giup HS nhd lai, tai hien va mo la dupc 4) Cdthe sudung giay quy am dephan biet cac kien thlic da hoc Mlic dp tuduy cua cac em dday ch?khiSOjVaCI, dupc khdng?Tai sao? Chpn mgt ihuoc mdidmiicdplhap thudcphan biet chung.Viel phuong Irinhphan ung (ki 1-10/2015)- Tap chi Giao due so 367 | 45 5) Axit HCI va axit H,SO, gid'ng va khac thenao neu tang ap sualbinh len gap lan?;c) Lam dian nap? Lay vidu minh hpa thenao denang cao hieu sualqua Irinh? 6} Dua vao cau hinh va am dien cua cac nguyen 10) Mdt dung djch cd chiia b moi H,S0, hda tan tooxi va luu huynh, hay giai thich cac sdoxi hda -2; +2 vda heiamplFe, thu duac khiAva42,8g mudi khan cua oxiva -2; +4; +6 cua iuu huynh Nung lupng mudi khdng cd khdng den 7) Bing phuong phap HH, hay trinh bay each khdi lupng khdng ddi, duoc hon hpp B: a) Biet tach SOj khoi hdn hpp vdi SO, (khi) va 0^ ring a: b = 2,5:6; tinh a va b; b) Tinh d j „ 8) Tai nhiing dung cubang bac hay dong bjxln mau (hda den) de'lau khdng cdchua H^S? Qua trinh xay dung va su dung cac dang BTHH 9)VisaokhiiIieucheHjS,nguditadungaxltHCI theo cac miic nhan Ihiic: bie't, hieu, van dung qua trinh day hgc nhdm Oxi - Luu huynh makhong dung HjSO,dac'' 10) Trinh bay phudng phap phan biel: a) Cac {HH10) nhim giup HS phat trien nang luc lu dung djch mat nhan NaOH; HCI; H,SO, (ch! cd da H H, hieu rd cac mdi lien he gWa cau lao nguyen tu, vdl);b)Cacdung dich matnhan HCI; H,SOj;HNO,; cau tao phan tiJ, lien kel HH, subien ddl sdoxi hoa cua cac nguyen td; liidd, gdp phan nang cao chat NajSO,; Ba(NOj)j(dugc diing them hda chat) 4.3 Cau hoi vaBT doi hoi HS phal co kha lupng day hpc HH a nang tuduy nhanh nhay, khdng nhiing phal long Tai lieu tham khiio hpp, so sanh, phan tich, suy luan ma can CO susangl.NguyfinDuyAi- Dircmg Tiii Tdn BaitiiphoahQC tao.Dpdd,cdthephattrientuduychocacempmiic 10 NXBCidorfi/cH 1990 dpcao Nguyen Duy Ai - Dirong Tat T6n Hoa hoc 10 1) Tai ngudi ta cd the' dung , de sat tning NXB Gido ducH 1990 Nguygn Duy Ai - Nguyfin Tinh Dung - Trdn Th^nh nudc ma khdng diing 0^? HuS - Trin QuSc Son - NguySn Van T6ng MdtsffvSn 2)Glayquytim tam dung dich kalilodua nga sang de chpn loc cija h6a hpc NXB Gido ditc H 2000 mau xanh khigap pzon.Giaithlch taisao? Vieiphuong Cao Thl Thjlng "IWgt sO' biSn phap phfit iriSn nSng trinh phan ling minh hga lire gi&i quySt \in dS day hoc H6a hpc d Irutyng 3) SOjcdthetao dung va Cl, khdng? H,SO, dac, ph6 thong" Tap chi Kiioa lipc gido diic, s6 53/2010 Cao Thi Thang • NguySn Thi H6ng Gim "XSy nong cd Ihelao dung vdi FeSO, khdng ? Tai sao? dirng va sii dung bai tap hda vO co theo hudng phat 4) Sue SO, vao dung dich nudc vdl thi triSn nang luc sing tao cho sinh viSn day hoc thay nudc vdi bj van due Giai thich tai sao? Tim hai hda hpc d trirdng cao dSng sir pham" Tfip cili Gido each khac de lam cho nudc vol Irong trd lai due s6 2S0I20\2 5) Nhiing sau day cd the cung ton tai Irong Cling mptbinh dupc khdng? Gial thich lai sao: a) 0, va CO,; b) H^S va SO,; c) SO, va 0,; d) 0, va Ci, 6)Cdhai dng nghiem 1va2deu dung dung dich (Tiep theo trang 49) Kl Sue , di qua dung djch a dng va , qua Tai li^u tham khao dungdjchddng2.Neu hien tupng,lOfdd so sanh tlnh Dinh Quang Bao - NguySn Diic Th^nh Lf loSin dgy oxi hda cua , va 0, Bing each nao de'nhan biet hoc Sinh hpc - Ph^n Dai cuvng NXB Gi6o d{ic dugc san pham lao ddng nghiem 2? H 1996 7) TOr cac nguyen lieu Zn, S, HCI, hay viet cac BO GD-DT - Vy Giao dye trung hoc "Dfly h(>c vd phuong Irinh phan iing dieu che H,S bing hai kiim tra ddnh gid k/t quA hpc l^p theo dinh iiu&ng phdt triin ndng lire hpc sinh mdn Sinh hpc cdp trung phudng phap 8) Viet bdn phuong trinh phan ling dleu che tnic hpc casff\ Tid li$u tip huin Chircmg trtnh phat tri^n tiep H,S0, lli nhiing ehait khac Neu cho ring giao due trung hpc, 2014 axllH,SO,lamgt axit cdlinhoxihda,cdn axitHCIchi Nguygn Quang Vinh (chu bien) Sinh hpc NXB Gido ditc Vi^t Nam, H 2012 la mdtaxltmanh codling khdng? Lay vidy minh hga hltp://xetnghiemmau,coni/threads/benh-basedow9) Cho piian ling sau: 2S0,j,|+ 0,|,|«2S0, raves%E2%80%99-disease.2931 vdi AH