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f VAN PHAN Li THUYET TINH HUONG TRONG DAY HOC KHAI NIEM HDC KHONG GIAN LfiP 11 TRONG HOC PHO THONG ThS LE TRUNG TIN'''' LI luan day hpc hien dai khang dinh, bat ki qua trinli day hpc nao cung can phai di[.]
f VAN PHAN Li THUYET TINH HUONG TRONG DAY HOC KHAI NIEM HDC KHONG GIAN LfiP 11 TRONG HOC PHO THONG ThS L I luan day hpc hien dai khang dinh, bat ki qua trinli day hpc nao cung can phai di/a vao tinh van de ben tiong tien frinh va npi dung day hpc.Tinh van de dflpc quan mem dday khdng bi bd gpn frong pham tnJ ti/duy, ma nded ttie bat nguon tiJr cam xuc, trang ttiai eg ttie cua nhu eau, tfl rung cam ttiam mTva dao dfle Tat nhien, CO sd khach quan ehu yeu nhat cua tinh van de chinh la eac van de hpe tap npidung hpc van cua mdn hpe,bai hpc, chu de Tinh vmde dflpc chu ttie hda bdi ngudi hpc nd trdthanh van de cua ca nhan ngudi hpe, trdthanh muctieu vadpng IIJC thuc day ngudi hpc iioatdpng de giai quyet hay chiem ^nh chung Trong day hpc, ngucrt day cd ttie lam xuat hien tinh hudng vain de, hay xuat hien van de d ngudi hpc thdng qua viec ttiiet ke va to' chflc cac tinh hudng day hpc day, tiiyc ehat la ngudi day tao dtfrig moi tivdng hpc tap thuan lpi, decac yeu tdtflmdi tiirdng cd kha nang kich hoat nhieu nhatvdn kinh nghiem etja ngudi hpe, tao st/ lien he nao dd giua nhung kinh nghiem vdi nhau, ma nhat la mdi lien hegiua kinh nghiem ay vdivan de hpc tap.Nhung m a lien he nhu chat men kich thich nhu cau tim tdi, kham pha p ngudi hpc, de hp giai dap nhflng ban khoan ma ehi cd ttie dat dupc ttidng qua hoat dpng vatchatvatrituetichei/ecua ban than I.Thietketinh huong day hpc Theo quan d\%m cua mptsd tac gia Idn nhu Guy Brousseau Nguyen BaKim , mpt tinh hudng cdvan decan ttida man cac dieu kien sau: -Ton tai mdt van de: tinh hudng phai bdc Id mau ttiu&n gifla thuc tien v(3l tilnh dp nhan ttiflc, chtj tiie phai y thuc dupc khd khan tuduy^hoae hanh ddng ma vdn hieu biet sancdchuadudevuptqua;-Gainhu eau nhan ttiuc, tiJe la ngudi hpc phai cam ttiay sucan thiet, tiiay minh CO nhu cau giai quyet Tdt nhat la tinh hudng gay dupe "cam xuc" lam eho hpc sinh (HS) ngac nhien, thay hungttiti ma mong mudn giai quyet; - Gay niem tin d khanang^neu mpttinh hudng co van devavan de hjy hap dan, nhung neu HS cam thay ndvuotquaxa so vdi kha nang eua minh ttii hpcung khong s i n sang giai quyet Can Iam cho HS thay rd hp chua cd LE TRUNG TIN' Ic^ giai, nhung da cd mdt sd kien thflc, kT nang lien quan den van de dat va hptin rang neu tich ei/c suy nqhTthise giai quyet dupc Detao mpttinh hudng day hpc, ngudi day co ttie sudung mptsdcachtiiucnhu:-Dudoannhdnhan xet tmc quan, thiK; hanh hoae hoat dpng tiiuc tiln; - Lat ngupe van de; - Xem xet ti/ang tti; -_ Khai quat hoa; - Khai ttiac kien tfiut cu, dat van de dan den kien ttiflc mcS; -Neu mptbaitoan maviec giaiquyMchophep din den kien tiiuc mdi; -Tim sai lam tiong ldl giai M p t s o ' v i d u vethiet ketinh hudng day hpc khai niem phan Hinh hoc khdng gian Idp 11 Khai niem la co sd va tien de quan de xay dung he thdng kien thfle Toan hpc Hinh cho HS mdt he thdng khai niem vflng chSced tae dung to Idn den viec phat tiien fri tijeva gdp phan giao dgc the gidi quan cho cac em Trong day hpc, ngudi ta phan biet ba dudng tiep can khai niem: - Con dudng puy nap;xuat phat tfl mpi sd ddi tupng rieng le, giao vien dan dat HSphan tieh, so sanh, tnju ti/png hoa, khai quat hda de tim dau hieu dac tiung eua mpt khainiem ttiehien dnhung tardng hpp ey the'hj'dodi den djnh nghTa l(a,a') = 0" + Dung a' la hinh chieu vudng goc cua a tren mat Vay (a, d)>{a,a) dau blng xay d//a' phang (Q); + Tim B la giao diem cua a' va b;_+ Tfl B, 2} (a, d) = 90° ^ 3} Tren a lay diem M khac A, Goi H, K lan lupt la difrig dudng thing d vuong gde vdi mat phang (Q) hinh chieu cua M tren a', dttiiH chinh la hinh chieuKhi dd, d la dudngttiangttidaman tinh chat tren Qua phep dungtiiid la dudng thing nhat cua lylfrenmp (P) Do MK>MHnen: Qua A dung dudng thing d // MN, d cit mp (Q) sin(a,rf) = sin MAX = > = sin MAH = sin(o,a') tai C Khi MA MA 4] Cach dung dudng ttiing cat va vudng gdc ca ^ {a, d} ^ (a, a) dau blng xay dtiuigvo! a'.hai^dudngtiiangcheo a, b bat ki; • Dung mat 4) Ng'u a mp (P) thi ta ndi (a, P) = 90° Neu aphlng(Q)diquadudngthlngbva(Q)//a;-ptfriga' khong vuong goc vdi mp (P) thi gdc giua a va hinh la hinh chieu vudng goc cua a tren mat phang (Q); chieu a' ctja nd tren mp (P) goi la gde giua a va -Tim B la giao diem cua a' vab;;TflB, dung dudng fnp(P) thing d vudng gdc vdi mat phlng (Q) Qua phep 2.2 Vidu2:J'\nh hudng day hpc khainiem dudngdifrig Uii dudngttiangd la nhat vudng goe chung cua hai dudng thang cheo va 5) Khoang each gifla hai dudng thang cheo khoang each gifla hai dudng thang cheo nhau: la dp dal doan vudng goc chung cua hai duong ttiing •MiJctieu:HS hieu dupc khai niem ducmg vudngdd Nhan xet: - Khoang each gifla hai dudng ttiang goc Chung eua hai dudng thang cheo nhau, khoang cheo blng khoang_ each gifla mdt hai each gifla haidudngtiiangcheo va nitra dupe dudngttiangdova matphang song song vdind chua mpt sd phuang phap de tim khoang each gifla hai dudngttiangcdn lai; - Khoang each gifla hai dudng dudng thing eheo thang cheo bang khoang each gifla hai mat • Thiei ketinh hudng:Cho 2^ dfldng ttiang a, bphang song song lan lupt ehfla hai dudng thanp dd, cheo nam mat phang song song vdi 2.5 l//tfu3;Deday hpe phan vitri tuong ddi cua (P)va(Q) Hdi: hai ducmg ttiing khdng gian, ta cdttietao lap 1) Cdbao nhieu dudng thang vuong gdc vdi hai mpttinh hudng day hpe nhusau: dudngtiianga va b? ^ - Muctieu:HS hieu dupe^khai niem hai dudng 2) Co bao nhieu dudng ttiing elt dudngtiianga ttiing cit^nhau, hai dudngttiangsong song va hai dudngtiiangcheo va vuong gdc vdi hai dudng thing a, b? -Thiet ketinh hudng: 3) Cd bao nhieu dudng thang eat va vuong gde haidudngttiang^a,b Neu each ve dudngttilncidd? 1) Cho hinh lap phuang ABCD AJB'C'D' Hay Giasirdudngttiangd vudng gde haidut^gttianga, tim mat phlnc) cliiJa ca hai dudng thing cae b va elt a, b lan lupt tai A, B Vdi M, N lan lupt la caccapdudngttiangsau:ACvaBD;ACvaA'C';ACva B'D' diemttiudca, b So sanh MN va AB (kil-612015) Tap chi Giae due so 359 41 2) Hay chl m a quan he gifla hai dudng thang frong cac cap dudng tiling sau: AC va BD; AC va A'C Ta ndi hai dudng ttiang AC va B'DJ la cheo nhau.Trong khdng gian, eho haidudng thang phan biet a va b, hay chi cac vj tri tuong ddi cua hai dudng tiling dd? 3) Hai dudng tiling gpi la dong phang neu ehung cung n i m mdt^mat phang Em hay neu djnh nghTavehaidudngttiang song song, haidudng thang cheonhau - Giio vien xac nhan kl&i thuc: 1) AC vaBD cung n i m mp (ABCD); AC va A'C'cung n i m frong mp (ACC'A'); khdng cd mat phlng nao chfla ea hai dudng thang AC va B'D' 2)ACvaBDcltnhau,ACvaA'C'songsongvdi Hai dudng ttiang phan biet a, b cd the song song, cat hoae cheo 3) Hai dudng tiling gpi la song song neu chung dqng phang va khong cd diem chung Hai dudng tiling gpi la cheo neu chung khdng dong phang HS dieu My mudn day, each lam tdtnhatffiudngla caidat tri thdc vao nhung tinh humg ^'ichhqp de HS chiem U'nh no thong qua hoatddng tugiac, thh cue, chu dqng va sang tao''{^; fr 127} Giditfiieunpi dung day hpc vdi tu each la mpttinh hudnggpi van d i lam cho npi dung dd frd nen hap d ^ , tao kha nang kich thieh hoatddng tich ei/c eua HS.Q (1) Nguyen B4 Kim Phuong phap day hoc mon Toin NXB OaihQcsiiph(?m,\{ 2010 Tai lieu t h a m khao Errington E.P Developing scenario-based learning: Practical insights for tertiary educators Palmerslon North, N.Z Dunmore Press, 2003 Louise McHugh - Alina Bobarnac - Phil Reed Teaching Situation-Based Emotions to Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder Springer Science Business Media, LLC 2010 SUMMARY Situation based teaching is an interesting and practical form of teaching In this paper, theauthor presents some ways to create a situation in mathTheo tac gia Nguyin BaKim: Tn'^dckhongphii ematics teaching and design some specific situaUons la dieu CO the didang cho khong De daymgttn thuc that use to teach some concepts and definiUons of nao do, thay giio thudng khong ffietrao cho the solid geometry Ttiui! trang vanliDlig yeu to (Tiep theo trang 44) U/danh gia dupe ket qua hpc tap qua hoat ddng TH cua ban than thdng qua bai kiem tra, tiiao luan hay tieu luan Tfl do, dieu chinh hpp li han neu ketqua ehua thuc suphu hpp.Q Tai li^u tham khao NguySn Xufln Binh V^n di tu hpc cua sinh vi£n nam thli nhSt Trucrng Cao dang Y t e ' H i N6i hi^n Tgp chi Gido due, sd 270/2011 NguySn Canh Toan Lu$n ban va kinh nghiem ve ty hQC NXB Gido due, H 1999 Thai Duy Tuyfin Phutmg p h a p day hoc truyen thong vfi dfl'i moi NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H 2010 Day hpc kham pha khoa hoc (Tiep iheo trang 47) Pham Xuan Qui? - NgO Difiu Nga - Nguy5n Van BiCn - Nguygn Anh Thuifn - Nguygn Van Nghl$p Nguyen Trgng Siru Tdi liiu ldp hud'n kiim Ira, ddnh gid qud trinh day hgc theo djnh hudng phdt triin ndng luc hoc sinh trudng trung hoccasdr 2014 National Research Council, National Science Education Standards 1996 SUMMARY In reality, in Vietnam, since 2001 some acUve teaching methods have been widely used In teaching However, they are at the common level TeachSUMMAKlf ers Issues, students take part In some steps to solve TYaining methodology in the form of credits required the problem ~ The highest level is to find and solve students'self- study have to account for two thirds in the problems Teachers assign, students identify comparison nith the time at class hours However, how problems, find the soluUon experiments, proc^^ to study effecUvely is a big problem which has been data and solve problem The aim of this wrltingls^ &cingwlth current students This article mentions about share with you the research result of teaching imj^^ the finding of our current research The survey was cations of finding solutions in the lesson 'Refraction^carried out on 214 students at the Hanoi University of of light' physics of the grade 9"" of the secondary Pharmacy to determine the status ofthe operation of school This also helps the learners get the knovdself-stucfy courses Probability and StaUsUcs ofstudents edge about refraction of light, develop their abllltl^ and factors affecting such acUviUes and skills 42 Tqp chi Gido dye so 359 (ki - 6/2015) ... cap dudng tiling sau: AC va BD; AC va A''C Ta ndi hai dudng ttiang AC va B''DJ la cheo nhau .Trong khdng gian, eho haidudng thang phan biet a va b, hay chi cac vj tri tuong ddi cua hai dudng tiling... song song vdi 2.5 l//tfu3;Deday hpe phan vitri tuong ddi cua (P)va(Q) Hdi: hai ducmg ttiing khdng gian, ta cdttietao lap 1) Cdbao nhieu dudng thang vuong gdc vdi hai mpttinh hudng day hpe nhusau:... hpc cua sinh vi£n nam thli nhSt Trucrng Cao dang Y t e '' H i N6i hi^n Tgp chi Gido due, sd 270/2 011 NguySn Canh Toan Lu$n ban va kinh nghiem ve ty hQC NXB Gido due, H 1999 Thai Duy Tuyfin Phutmg