Quich Thj Nga Tap chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 126(12) 231 234 S U P H A N B O V A H I N H T H l T C A P D U N G C A C T R O N G 0 I E M NGLT P H A P T R O N G T A I L I E U L U Y f i N T H I H S K MOfI C[.]
Quich Thj Nga Tap chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 126(12): 231 - S U P H A N B O V A H I N H T H l T C A P D U N G C A C T R O N G I E M NGLT P H A P T R O N G T A I L I E U L U Y f i N T H I H S K MOfI C A P 5-6 Khi Quach Thi Nga Ngogi ngif - DH Thai Nguyen TOMTAT Cac trpng dilm ngif phap luon la van de dugc quan tam hing dau nhifng nghien ciiu ve HSK Dya v^o nhCtng nghien ciiru ciia ngudi di trudc, bai viet cd mpt vh\ nghiSn cifu vl su phin b l va hinh thtic i p dyng cac trpng diem ngif phip HSK mdi cip 5-6, tdng kit thinh mpt s6 qui lugt CO tinh chit dinh hudng nhim giilp ngudi hoc nim bit tdt hon mang kiln thirc ngii phep HSK cao cap Tir khda: Phdn bo dp dung, trgng diem ngit phdp HSK mdi cdp 5-6 HSK la tieu chuan de danh gia chinh xac nhat, cao nhat trinh dO Han ngff ciia ngudi n u d c ngoai Vi vgy HSK da d u g c Bd Giao due dua vao de lam chuan dau cua ngoai ngff va ngoai ngu cho sinh vien, Ddi vdi sinh vien chuyen ngQ t i l n g Han, c h u i n dau can ia HSK c i p 5, t u o n g d u o n g khung t h a m chieu Chau Au cap C l Hien tai lieu luyen thi HSK ndi chung vdi ngi dung va hinh thuc phong phii xuat hien phd bien, dd kien thifc ve ngu phap, tir vung,.v v d u g c dan xen rai rac d cac dgng bai tap khac Vi vay ngudi hpc kha v i t va de tap trung nam bit cac trpng diem kien thiic, nhat la trpng dilm kiln thuc ngu phap vao mdt c i p thi nao do, vi du nhu c i p Dudi day la mgt sd nghien ctiu ve trgng diem n g u phap HSK mdi c i p 5-6, cd tac dung dinh h u d n g cho ngudi hgc nam bat mgt each de dang nhat nhffng kiln thuc ve ngff phap HSK mdi cap 56 tire HSK cao cap each qui chuan nhat va tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho nhffng ngudi dn thi HSK D l tranh sy ddi lap phan tach giua HSK mdi va HSK cii, de c u o n g HSK d u g c ggi theo chff cai A B C D Trong dd, d l c u o n g HSK c i p A {^W.) tuong d u o n g vdi HSK cu trinh c o sd cap tii'c HSK mdi c i p 1-2, HSK c i p B ( Z ^ ) tuong d u o n g vdi HSK cu trinh s o c i p c i p 3,4,5 tuc HSK c i p 2, 3, HSK c i p C ( M ^ ) tuong d u o n g vdi HSK cu trinh trung c i p cap 6,7,8 tire HSK mdi c i p 4, HSK cap D ( T ^ ) t u o n g d u o n g vdi HSK cu trinh cao cap cap 9,10,11,12, tire HSK mdi c i p 5, 1168 d i l m ngu phap dugc t h i n g ke dk c u o n g ngu phap HSK d u g c chia lam 18 myc ngff phap CO ban xuat hien d cac cap HSK khac nhau, bao gdm: (1) N g u td, (2) Tir logi, (3) Cau tgo tir (4) Doan ngu, (5) Cum tir cd dinh (6) c i u true n g u phap co dinh (7) Thanh p h i n cau (8) Phan loai cau (9) Loai hinh cau dgc biet (10) Cac loai cau nghi v i n (11) Cach Su p h a n bo cac d i e m ngu* p h a p t r o n g tai lieu H S K m d i c a p 5-6 b i l u d a t s d t u ( ) Cach t h u c c u d n g dieu, (13) Cau phan v i n , (14) Thi ciia ddng t u (15) Mau Trong nghien cii'u ngQ phap ndi chung va ngff cau khau ngu (16) Cau phii'c (17) Cau phuc phap HSK ndi rieng, viec phan tach va he da t i n g (18) C u m thdng cac ndi dung ngir phap da d u g c chu y cap ( c i p D) xuat hien cac m u c n g u phap (1), den tir lau Ciing vdi s u ddi va m d rgng qui (2), (3), (5), (6), (9), (13), (15), (16), (17), m d thi HSK mdi tren toan the gidi, de c u o n g (18), rieng myc (3), (17), (18) chi x u i t hien cau.' Trong HSK cao HSK cac cap bao gdm d l c u o n g ngff phap HSK cac cap, d l c u o n g tir v y n g HSK cac c i p da ddi nham xay d u n g d l thi HSK mgt * Tel:0979 009769 Emaii quachngakm@gmail com ' (Trung Qudc) Vuong Tiiu Linh, Bio Ngif vin thing nam 2011, 231 Quich Thi Nga Tap chf KHQA HOC & CONG NGHE HSK cap Tir sy phan bd nay, ta nhgn thay rang muc ngff phap mdi, cung la myc ngff phap khac biet vdi HSK so trung cap dd la cau tgo tu, cau phiic da tang va cum cau Tac gia Vuong Tieu Linh tu nghien cuu ciia minh ve dl cuong HSK da he thdng 18 muc ngff phap 12 muc ngQ phap HSK: (1) Ngff td va cau tao tu , (2) Tii logi, (3) Doan ngu (4) Ciu true ngff phap cd djnh, (5) Thanh phan cau (6) Phan loai c3u (7) Logi hinh cau dac biet (8) Cach bieu dat va pham tril ngu (9) Pham tru ddng thai (10) Cau triic khau ngff (11) Cau phuc va cau phiic da tang (12) Cum cau Ket qua van cho thay HSK cao cap (cip D) xuat hien cac myc ngu phap (2), (4), (5), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12) va myc ngu phap sd (12) (cum cau) la muc ngu phap chi nhat xuit hien HSK cao d p Theo dilu tra ciia chung tdi, cac dgng bai nghe, dgc hieu va viet ciia HSK cao cap, cac muc ngff phap vdi nhffng diem ngu phap cu the dugc thay the bdi nhung diem ngQ phap phii'c tap, dd la su xuat hien cac cau dai, nhieu dang cau dan xen mdt cau Dd cung la dgc diem ngff phap chii yeu ciia HSK cap 5, Cac myc ngu phap HSK cao cap dugc the hien cy the dudi cac diem ngu phap sau; Muc ngff phap phin cau; Diem ngff phap sy phdi hgp phan cau 2, Muc ngu phap kieu cau dac biet Diem ngff phap cau chu "ftl", diem ngu phap cau chu "S^", diem ngff phap cau so sanh, diem ngu phap hai kieu cau dan xen, Myc ngff phap cau phtic: Diem ngu phap cau phiic dang lap, diem ngff phap cau phirc tang tien, diem ngu phap cau phuc dieu kien, dilm ngff phap cau phiic lua chgn, diem ngff phap cau phirc liet ke, diem ngff phap cau phirc nhan qua, diem ngff phap cau phirc chuyin ngoat, diem ngu phap cau phuc gia thiet, diem ngQ phap cau phirc nhugng bg, diem ngu phap cau phiic nit ggn Muc ngu phap cau phuc da ting: Dilm ngu phap cau phuc hai tang, diem ngir phap cau phiic ba tang trd len 232 126(12) 2} Muc ngu phap cym cau: diem ngu phap cac tieu chi nhan dgng cym cau ngff phap, diem ngu phap phan logi cac cym cau ngii phap Sy ap dung cac dilm ngu phap vao cac loai hinh bai tap khac tai lieu HSK mdi cap 5,6 HSK cao cip, cac dang bai nghe hieu, dgc hilu, vilt d cip khd hon, kilu bai khac hoan toan vdi HSK cac cip dudi Ngay HSK cao cip, cac cip khac cung cd nhQng dang bai khac Tff ciu triic bai thi HSK 5, cd thi thiy, cac dilm ngff phap hau nhu khdng cdn mang tinh chit thuc hanh ap dyng lam bai tap dan thuin ma da nang len d miic vgn dung linh boat, doi hdi phai suy nglm, suy lugn, tiic la phai biin nhung kien thuc ngff phap mdt ky nang van dung bai nghe hilu ciia HSK, a cip thip yeu ciu ky nang nghe thip vdi nhffng cau mang tinh chit ngu phap don gian Nhung d cap cao, lgi ddi hdi ky nang nghe cao vdi nhimg cau dai mang tinh chat ngu phap phuc tap, vi vgy loai hinh bai tap nghe cap xuat hien 25 cau tren tdng sd 45 cau la nghe mpt dogn ddi thoai hoac mpt bai phat bieu tuong doi dai, chT met sd dap an, yeu cau chgn dap an dung , Bai tap nghe cap bai nghe tang them 10 cau, loai hinh bai tap md rgng hon mgt loai, 35 cau tren tdng sd 50 cau la nghe doan ddi thoai hogc mgt doan vSn dai, moi dogn can cd tir 45 cau hoi, yeu cau ngudi nghe hieu toan bg ndi dung va cd ky nang tdng hgp ghi nhd cao O bai dpc hieu cung vgy, bai dgc hieu ciia HSK cd phan phan chu yeu la dilm ngff phap ve tu logi, cd dilm ngu phap ve danh tir, tinh tir, ddng tu, lien tu, tir ddng nghTa, trai nghTa, cau phuc, hinh thirc ap dung la logi hinh bai tap chpn tir dimg dien vao chd trdng dogn van phin 2, bai dpc hilu tap trung nhffng dilm ngu phap vl cau phiic va cau dgc biet Nhung nhiJng dilm ngQ phap khdng cdn la thyc hanh luyen tap d hinh thirc loai hinh bai tap cy thi ma yeu cau da thuc, de phuc vu cho ky nang dgc hieu va khai quat, hinh thtic ap dune la loai hinh bai tap cho doan van, chgn not Quach Thj Nga Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE dung dgc hilu tuong irng vdi ndi dung cua dogn van CJ phin bai vilt HSK cip 5, phin chii yiu tgp tmng nhQng dilm ngff phip cac kieu cau dgc biet, phan la kiln thiic ngff phap tdng hgp, gdm cac diem ngQ phap vl tu logi, cau don, cau don, cau phuc,v.v , dd yeu ciu van dung dl ren luyen ky nang viet Trong HSK 6, cac diem ngu phap xuat hien chi tiet hon, dg khd cao hon, ddi hdi kien thirc ngu phap tdng hgp viing chac, d bai dgc hieu phan " tim cau sai" chu yeu xuat hien nhung diem ngff phap ve tu logi, vi du nham lan giua dgng tu va tinh tir, thieu gidi til' v.v,., diem ngff phap vl sy phoi hpp phin cau nhu ldi phdi hgp ddng tan, chil vj, djnh danh, dilm ngQ phap vl khuyet phan cau, nhu khuyet chit ngu Diem ngff phap ve cau dac biet nhu cau chff "JtH" "W." , cau so sanh cd xuit hien phan nhung khdng nhilu Ci bai dgc hieu HSK phan la chpn tii' diin vao chd trdng CJ dang bai tap sy lua chgn tit khdng phai la mdt tu ma la nhieu tu, cum tu ddng nghTa can ngliTa nhu f"^ ['''X' f^'Q., I^M, dien vao inpt cum cau ma khdiig phai la mdt cau, Vi vay ddi hdi mgt su lya chgn ciing liic ket hgp cac diem ngu phap khac va cd tinh logic cao giua cac cau, day cung la diem khd ciia dgng bai tap so vdi cac dang bai dien tff cua HSK cac cap dudi khac Dieu cung cho thay, diem ngff phap chii yeu xuat hien dgng bai tap la cau phii'c va cum cau Ngoai ra, cac diem ngu phap ve ngu cd djnh cung xuat hien tuong ddi nhieu d dgng bai nay, vi du u m m fL?L:i-:i-,'h'lL'MM, ^m.m Hi -^tSffl^S.v.v Phan ciia bai dgc hieu van la dien vao chd trdng, nhung la dien doan ngQ (cum tii') vao chd trdng, yeu ciu van la ddi hdi hieu dugc doan van da cho de chpn chinh xac cum tu Nhffng dilm ngff phap phan bd nhffng doan van van la diem ngu phap cau phii'c, cum cau Mudn dien chinh xac cum tu phai dgc kT cau van, van canh xuat hien trudc va sau chd trdng, tire la phai chu y den sy lien kit logic giffa cac 126(12): 231 -234 cau Phan ciia bai dgc hilu HSK cap la tra Idi cau hdi theo phuong thuc trac nghiem Bai dgc hieu thudng lan luot la mgt cau chuyen ke, mdt ndi dung ve kiln thirc tu nhien, mdt ndi dung ve khoa hgc, dilu tra xa hdi, sinh hgc.v.v De hieu dugc nhffng ndi dung can mgt khdi lugng tir vung va ngu phap kha Idn, nhQng cau hdi ciia bai dgc hieu phan lai khdng phai la nhffng cau hdi tryc dien ma ddi hdi su suy nghT va hieu dugc ndi dung doan van mgt each ky cang, chi tiet, Vi vay kien thffc ngff phap tu vyng d day da xuat hien tinh chit vgn dyng cao, ddi hdi ngudi lam phai cd kien thiic rat vffng vang Nhung diem ngff phap xuat, hien d phan chii yeu la cau dac biet, cau phuc va cym cau, la nhung diem ngff phap chi xuat hien d HSK cao cap Phan viet ciia HSK la mdt cau chuyen ke mang tinh triet ly cao, cung ddi hdi ngudi lam phai dpc hieu va ghi nhd, sau dd khai quat lai Nhu vgy d phan nhffng diem ngu phap duoc su dyng chii yeu van la diem ngu phap cau dac biet, cau phffc, sy phdi hgp phin cau Nhung tinh van dung ngff phap cao han d bill dgc hilu vi ngudi dgc khdng chi van dyng nhffng dilm ngu phap de dgc hieu ma cdn phai su dung de bieu dgt van Vi vgy viec su dung chinh xac cac cau phffc, cau dgc biet, sy phdi hgp chinh xac cac phin cau viet van ddi hdi su thuin thuc ve cac diem ngff phap Ket luan Qua kit qua khao sat cac diem ngQ phap HSK 5-6 dua tren mgt sd bg dl thi HSK 5-6 va dl cuong HSK cao cap, bai vilt cd mdt sd ket luan sau : 1168 dilm ngff phap dugc thdng ke de cuong ngff phap HSK dugc chia lam 18 muc ngff phap CO ban xuit hien d cac cap HSK khac HSK cao cap (cap 5-6), cac dilm ngu phap dugc he thdng nam muc ngff phap chil yeu Nam muc ngff phap phan bd ddng dlu d cac dgng bat nghe dgc vilt Khac vdi HSK cip dudi, cac diem ngff phap HSK 5-6 khdng xuat hien nhieu 233 Quach Thi Nga Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE dudi hinh thffc cac dgng bai tap cu the nhu chgn tu dien vao vjtri thich hgp hay phan doan chgn dap an diing, sua cau sai ma cbii yeu la vgn dung cac hien tupng ngff phap de nam dugc ndi dung Trong nam muc ngiJ phap, chi cd muc ngu phap cau dgc biet la dugc ap dung da dang cac bai tap cy the nhu chgn dap an dien vao chd trdng, chpn cau sai, ghep tii cau v v.Ngugc lgi myc ngu phap cau phiic da tang, cum cau lgi chi ap dung de dgc hieu cac ngi dung d cac phan thi phyc vy cho cac ky nang nghe dgc viet Tit phan bai tap ma de tai da he thdng hda cho thay, muc ngff phap cau phirc chu yeu dugc ap dung dudi dang bai tap chgn cau sai Muc ngu phap phdi hgp ihanh phan cau chu yeu dugc ap dung dudi hai dgng bai la chon cau sat, va chgn dap an dung dien vao chd trdng Sy phan bd cho thiy cac diem ngff phap HSK cao cap da khd hon nhieu cac 126(12): 231 -234 dilm ngff phap d HSK cip dudi Nim dugc sy phan bd va hinh thuc xuat hien cua cac trgng dilm ngff phap HSK 5-6 se khiin ngud^ hgc dn tap kiln thffc mgt each khoa hgc va de dang hon Nhffng phan tich cu thi ve mang kiln thuc bai vilt se trinh bay mot nghien ciiu khac, TAI L I E U THAM KHAO 1.1l^,2012i^, mHSK^^;[i5i:^^)) ^tM'^^ 2.T^^,2012it^, mHSK7^^±M^^U»y^^ 3,T:m^,20l2it^, «ff&ii^7X-f-^-i^t^ffii^^^ ^.mmu'thi-fi^'r'-^^,-^^ mHSKm^7K-r^ y^Sm H5l001-.H51005.PDF)tS* m ^3t'T:tiJ,2011(3), 1-6 SUMMARY THE DISTRIBUTION AND FORMS OF FOCUSED GRAMMAR APPLICATION IN NEW HSK TEST PRACTICE MATERIALS LEVEL 5-6 Quach Thi Nga" School of Foreign Languages - TNU There has been a wide consideration on focused grammar in recent research on HSK Based on previous research, this paper aims to investigate the distribution and forms of focused grammar application in new HSK level 5-6, Furthermore, this study achieves some oriented rules, helping learners obtain the knowledge of grammar in advanced HSK Key words; Distribution, Application, Focused Grammar, New HSK level 5-6 Keywords: distribution, application, focused grammar, new HSK level 5-6 Ngdy nhgn bdi 15/9/2014; Ngdy phdn bien: 12/10/2014: Ngdy duyit ddng 25/10/2014 Phdn biin khoa hoc: TS Mai Thi Nggc Anh - Khoa Ngogi ngii - DHTN Tel 0979 009769 Emaii quachngaknn@gmail com 234 ... cac diem ngQ phap HSK 5- 6 dua tren mgt sd bg dl thi HSK 5- 6 va dl cuong HSK cao cap, bai vilt cd mdt sd ket luan sau : 1 168 dilm ngff phap dugc thdng ke de cuong ngff phap HSK dugc chia lam 18... 1.1l^,2012i^, mHSK^^;[i5i:^^)) ^tM''^^ 2.T^^,2012it^, mHSK7^^±M^^U»y^^ 3,T:m^,20l2it^, «ff&ii^7X-f-^-i^t^ffii^^^ ^.mmu''thi-fi^''r''-^^,-^^ mHSKm^7K-r^ y^Sm H5l001-.H510 05. PDF)tS* m ^3t''T:tiJ,2011(3), 1 -6 SUMMARY... Focused Grammar, New HSK level 5- 6 Keywords: distribution, application, focused grammar, new HSK level 5- 6 Ngdy nhgn bdi 15/ 9/2014; Ngdy phdn bien: 12/10/2014: Ngdy duyit ddng 25/ 10/2014 Phdn biin