II CONG NGHE DAY HQC AH fC 3 5 Hf CHU Kl Q N G D M N G CONG NGHE TRONG GIAO DMC UH HNH Hif A N G Cifl CONG NGHt THONG TIN OiN LdP HOC • '''' • TS Qudch "[iX Ki6n B0 Gido dye vd Ddo tgo SUMMARY Computing[.]
II CONG NGHE DAY HQC CHU Kl Q N G DMNG AH- fC 35 Hf CONG NGHE TRONG GIAO DMC UH HNH HifANG Cifl CONG NGHt THONG TIN OiN LdP HOC •' • TS Qudch "[iX Ki6n B0 Gido dye vd Ddo tgo SUMMARY Computing ami Information Technology have been implemented in schools in Vietnam since the 1900s Currently, the majority of schools were equipped with computers and internet connection Promoting exploitation and application ofinformation technology (FT) in a suitable way of teaching in schools is special attention ofMOET Education Equipment Journal introduces the article by Dr Qudeh Tdt Kien about some findings of the research on cycle of new technologies application (Computer, Network and More - CNM) in education and the impact of using FTfor classroom management of teachers The last part of the article is some recommended directions, measures which are proposed for discussion in order to improve the efficiency of using IT in teaching and learning in the current period Keywords: Cycle of Technology Applications, Education, Impact FT, Classroom Ngdy nh^n bdi: 10/7/2014; Ngdy duy^ idng: 25/8/2014 Chu kl dua edng nghf mdi vio d^y hpc Nghifn eto efta Cuban (1986) vg lich sft phuang tifn truyin thdng giio dye dua chu ki giai dogn efta vife dua Cdng nghf mdi (CNM) vio giio dye: /./ Bdt ddu b&i nhOmg l&i "tiin tri" vl sy thay ddi mgnh mg vife dgy efta GV vi vife hpc ciia HS xuit hifn mft CNM Nhtog "nhi tign tri" thutog d ngoii nginh giio dye vi nhtog Idi "tign tri" nky thutog lign quan din chiln lupe khuyin khich, diy m ^ tog dyng edng nghf nhi trutog hoic chign lupe phit triln eon ngudi, cdng nghf hay kinh doanh 1.2 Sau dd, mpt s6 nghien cdu dugc tiin hdnh dk chtog minh hifu qua ciia CNM mdi trutog dgy hpc thf dilm Hifu qui sft dyng CNM thutog ed dupe tft nhtog hutog hpc vdi nhtog dilu kifn tdt dk ip dyng edng nghf nhu trang thilt hi, cic dilu kifn ho frp, CO ehl hogt dfng Kit qui thi dilm dupe qutog bi, lim miu minh chtog cho sy thinh edng vi dupe sft dyng iJiu chit xfte tie cho vife diy mgnh tog dyn^ CNM Kit qua thi dilm ctog dupe sir dyng nhu chit xiic tic dl cd dupe nhOng ca ehl, chiln lupe mdi eua nhi quin li nhim tgo dilu kifn cho tog dyng CNM 1.3 Tiip theo Id s^xuat hi^n nhCtngphdn ndn, chi trich ciia GV vl dilu kifn ip dyng, sy khdng thich tog ciia CNM vdi giio dye vi sy khdng phft hpp cua ehuang h-inh gitog dgy vdi CNM giai dogn niy, ngudi ta thutog nhin thiy vife sft dyng, khai thie CNM h-on^^ dgy^ hpc thyc tl li it, khdng hifu qui Dilu niy din din sy chi trich tft cie nhi quin li vi hp da mua sim miy mdc dit tiln nhung sft dyng lgi kfm hifu qui \l • TAP CHt THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 1.4 dgiai dogn cudi, sft dyng CNM nhi frutog ndi chung li rit bgn ehl Nhtog chi trich, phg phin lgi hutog tdi GV GV bi coi li nhtog ngudi bio thft, tri trf da ngan cin nhtog eii tiln, Ipi ich mi edng nghf mang lgi It ngudi ta xem xdt nhto§ yfu ciu efta nhtog ngudi sft dyng vi Ipi ich thyc tg mi edng n^hf niy dem lgi cho giio dye Cd thf ndi ring, theo chu ki giai dogn ciia Cuban, ban diu CNM ludn dupe xem nhu nhin td mdi mang din nhtog Ipi feh to Ito, nhtog eii tiln mang tinh dOt phi cho giio dye, nhung sau dd lgi khdng thich hpp vio giio dye nhu ki vpng Nhilu nghifn eto cho thiy vife tog dyng CNM giio dye ndi chung li khdng dgt dupe kit qui nhu mong dpi ban diu vi khuyin nghi nfn tiln hinh "chim" vi"th|n trpng" Chu ki bude ciia Cuban duqc rftt tft nghifn eto vl lich sft eua vife dua CNM nhu edng nghf chilu phim (film-motion pieUires), edng nghf truyin (radio), edng n^hf truyin hinh (television) vio trutog hpc d MI tft diu thi ki 20 Vf dy, diu thi ki 20, edng nghf phim (hinh inh ehuyin dOng - motion pictures) cd nhtog bude tien vupt b^e vl cdng nghf Nim 1913, Thomas Edison da dy bio ring "sich (in trgn giiy) sg trd ngn Idi thdi cic trutog hpc HS sd dupe dgy qua eon mit Cd thi dgy tit ca cic kiln thftc cua nhin logi vdi hinh inh dOng vi vdi sich in h-gn giiy chi dgt khotog 2% hifu qua giio dye Giio dye Urang lai sg dyxqc tiln hinh bing hinh inh dOng vi hifu qui giio dye sg li 100%" MI ed bin mOt ca quan dupe thinh l$p die hich vl giio dye qua sy nhin (visual CONG NGHE DAY HOC education) vi di cd nhilu phim giio dye dxiac sin xuit Din nim 1933, phim dupe sft dyng khoing 52% trutog tilu hpc Diu nhtog nim 1940, vife sft dyng phim chilu dgy hpc phd thdng bit diu giim, die bift giim nhanh vi cdn sft dung rit it d trutog trung hpc Vdi cdng nghf truyin hinh (television), vio nhtog nim 1940 cdng nghf truyin hinh dupe xem nhu mOt giii phip cho tinh trgng thilu GV d MT, Nim 1961, quy vi sy tiln bO efta giio dye vdi 20 trif u la MT da dupe thinh lap dl ting eutog sft dyng truyin hinh gitog day cho 250 trutog phd thdng vi 50 trutog cao ding Tivi dupe sft dyng nhu mft cdng cy dgy hpc, thim chi d mOt sd noi, toto bO chuong trinh giing dgy dupe trinh biy bdi GVtivi (television teacher) Sau dd, vife sft dyng tivi cic trutog giim nhanh chdng vi din nhtog nim 1970, tivi dupe sft dyng dgy bpe khdng nhilu ban gid/tuin Chu ki niy ctog dtog vdi vife dua CNM cd nhilu dilm gidng vdi tin hpc, dd li phuang tifn nghe nhin (audiovisual) vio dgy hpc d MI Tft nim 1986 Cuban di dy doin ring cudi eftng miy tinh sg ehilm tdi da 10% vl thdi gian dgy hpc tilu hpc vi 5% d trung hpc Ngudi ta ctog di nhin thiy cd mOt edng nghf dupe sft dyng giio dye mi khdng tuto theo chu kl niy, dd li cdng nghf photocopy Khdng thiy sy xuit hifn eua nhtog Idi dy doto vl tic dfng cua cdng nghf photocopy din giio dye Cung chua cd nhtog ehuang trinh hay dy to nio thftc diy vife sft dyng photocopy Uong nhi trutog Thi nhung, GV lgi sft dyng thudng xuygn photocopy dgy hpc Dl nhin tiiiy ring miy photocopy rit phd dyng vi dl dtog Sft dyng photocopy giftp GV tilt kifm thdi gian chuin hi dgy hpc Sft dyng nhtog bin photocopy tii lifu giftp GV quto li tdt hem vife hpc ciia HS, bdi HS lim vife vdi tii lifu dtog nhu GV mong mudn Dilu niy lign quan din mdi quan hf gifta vife sft dyng CNM vi vife quto li ldp hpc dxigc dg egp d phin sau Tin hpc cd li trudrng hpp d^c bift? Chu ki giai dogn vi nhtog bgn ehl vl hifu qua ciia vife sft dyng CNM ciia Cuban lifu cd dftng vdi cdng nghf tm hpc ? Hay edng nghf tin hpc li trutog hpp ngogi If ? v l mit edng nghf, tm hpc khdng gidng hoin toin vdi nhtog cdng nghf khic Thilt bi tin hpc (TBTH) linh hogt vi da ning Miy tinh khdng phii mOt cdng cy don giin, miy tinh khdng hogt dOng theo quy trinh e l dinh nhu thilt hi truyen thing n ^ cung eip nhilu ntog dk GV ed thi khai thie, Thyc tl, thilt hi tin hpc li sy kit hpp eua linh vyc: tin hpc, hruyin thdng vi nghe nhin, MOt die tfnh II quan trpng efta TBTH li cho phdp cii dit phin mIm, Chfnh phto mIm lim cho TBTH trd ngn khic bift vdi cic cdng nghf khic, Cdng cy tin hpc nhu mOt logi cdng cy chung cung cip cic cdng cy khic Tin hpc khdng chi li ipOt cdng nghf, khdng thi dinh ddng vdi nhtog thilt bi thdng thutog khic ddi sdng Tin hpc khdng ngtog phit trign vi di vio ddi sdng xa bfi mOt cich nhanh chdng vi rOng khip, Nim 2011, mOt budi ndi chuyfn khoa hpc tgi trutog DHSP Cachan, Paris (Ecole normale superieure de Cachan) eua Michel Serres (mft tri thftc ridi bit nhit ciia Phip hifn - Huin chuong Bic diu bOi tinh), dupe dk nghi duarady doin vg thi gidi sau 50 nim nfta, Michel Serres da tri Idi ring Ong khdng thi, Dl minh chtog, Michel Sen-es di liy vf dy ring, cich diy 20 nim, Ong khdng thi tutog tupng dupe sy phit triln vi tog dyng cua miy tinh vi internet nhu biy gid Vi dy mi Michel Serres liy lim minh hpa cho thiy tfnh chit die bift vi sy phit Uiln vupt bic (chua cd tiln If) cua CNTT Chua cd mOt nghign eto nio khing dinh vife dua CNTT vio dgy hpc tuto theo chu ki giai dogn cua Cuban Nhung dutog nhu dy doto efta Cuban vl vife sft dyng CNTT dgy hpc ed phin dtog Khdng ft dy in, chuong trinh thiie diy vife sft dyng CNTT nhi trutog phd thdng khdng dgt kit qui nhu mong dpi, CNTT vin chua thyc sy dupe tich hpp vio dgy hpc vi vife sft dyng CNTT trdn ldp vdi HS chua diln thutog xuygn, Cudi nhtog nim 1990, mOt nghign eto khic efta Cuban cho thiy khdng qui 10% GV ciia trutog THPT d thung ltog Silicon (Ml) sft dyng miy tfnh h-ong ldp hpc ban mOt lin/tuin (Cuban, 2001), Tgi Phip, theo nghign eto Baron & Bruillard (1996), chi ed khotog 10% GV sft dyng CNTT thutog xuyfn dgy hpc d frutog THCS Tit ci HS vi GV trung hpc ciia vtog Lands (COng hda Phip) dupe trang bi miy tfaih xich tay theo ehuang trinh phit triln tog dyng CNTT giio dye ciia chfnh quyIn vftng niy GV v i HS lim vife mdi trutog dupe trang bi diy du miy tinh vi tii nguyfn dgy hpc Thi nhung kit qui dilu tra cho thiy khdng qui 10% GV ciia vftng niy sft dyng CNTT horn mOt lin/tuin dl dgy hpc h-gn ldp vdi HS (Khaneboubi, 2009) Thyy SI li mOt nude phit triln, cic trutog phd thdng dupe h-ang bi tdt vl thilt bi CNTT vi tii nguygn dgy hpc theo ehuang trinh tich hpp CNTT vio dgy bpe, nhung GV Thyy ST sft dyng CNTT ldp bpe thip ban trung binh efta Chiu Au (Heer & Akkari, 2006) Dilu fra eua Heer & Akkari (2006) cho thiy phin Ito GV tgi ciia vftng Jura (Thyy SI) vin chua quen vdi sft dyng CNTT ldp hpc vi TAP CHf THI^ BI GlAO DMC - Sd 109 - 9/2014 • 43 II CONG NGHE DAY HOC chi cd khoing 9% GV sft dyng CNTT ban bdn lin/ tuin tren ldp Quin 1^ ldp hpc vi vife su dyng CNTT tren 16p Nhtog bgn ehl vl sft dyng CNTT ldp hpc thutog dupe giii thich bdi hgn chi vl trang thilt bi, tii nguygn Tuy nhign, thyc tl cho thiy, khdng ft trutog hpc dupe trang bi diy du thilt bi CNTT vi tii nguyen giio dye nhung GV vin it sft dyng CNTT day hpc Nghign eto chi ring, mOt nhtog nguygn nhin chfnh dd li CNTT mang din mOt sd hgn ehl mdi vife quin li tilt day cua GV Ldp hpc li mOt mdi trutog hpc tip cd kilm soit Trong dgy hpc, GV thutog uu tien hing diu cho vife tri tr$t ty, quto If ldp hpc iTng dyng CNTT vio dgy hpc lim hgn ehl vife quto li Idrp hpc cua GV Vi v$y, nhilu GV e nggi vi khdng mudn ip dyng CNTT trgn ldp vdi HS Theo nghign eto ciia Khaneboubi (2009), miy tito khdng tgo dilu kifn cho sy tham gia ndi (phit bilu, thio lufn) ciia HS mi mang din mft sd khd khin cho sy diln tiln binh thutog cua tilt hpc Phin Ito GV ndi ring, HS sft dyng miy tinh ldp hpc, HS hutog vl mto hinh Khi dd, hinh li tit ei ddi vdi HS HS thutog xuygn quan tim din thft khic vi khdng nghe giing Didu dd din din khd khin hon vife lim HS tham gia vio hogt dpng hpc tgp mi GV phit vin, khd khin ban dk lim HS nghe mfnh If nh su phgm cua GV Trong ldp HS binh thutog, HS khdng lim theo yfu ciu ciia GV sg ed nhtog hinh vi khic thutog mi GV dl n h ^ bilt Tuy nhign, dgy hpc vdi miy tfnh thi khd khin ban dl GV nh|n bilt nhtog hinh vi niy cua HS Vi dy, vg, ndi chuyfn hay nhin efta sd li nhtog hinh vi GV dl ding nhfn thiy ldp hpc thdng thutog thi chit (chat), choi trd choi trgn mgng hay gfti thu difn tft lgi li nhtog hinh vi khd nhin dgng dupe qua ngdn ngft hay eft chi ciia HS Ddi khi, mto hinh miy tinh lim hgn ehl vife quan sit HS ldp hpc Vi vf.y, sft dyng miy tinh ldp hpc GV phii ed kl ning su phgm tdt cho phfij quto li ddng thdi hinh vi tinh hudng su phgm dk dgt dupe myc dich dgy hpc tgi mii thdi dilm Hogt dOng, hinh vi hpc tgp eua HS hpc vdi miy tinh khic vdi ldp hpc thdng thutog GV phai quin li ldp hpc vi HS theo cich khic vdi ldp hpc thdng thutog Han nfta, dl quan ly ldp hpc vdi miy tinh GV vira phai ed nghifp vy su phgm tdt vira phii ed kl ning sft dyng miy tinh thinh tiigo Nghign eto cung cho thiy, sft dyng CNTT ldp gin liln vdi kinh nghifm, ning nghi nghifp Thyc tl, GV tft 30-49 tudi, die bift li GV ed dO tudi tft 30-39, GV sft dyng thutog xuyfn nhit CNTT h-ong ldp hpc li GV ed kl ning su phgm phu hpp vdi 44 • TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 ngft einh mdi GV trg (dudi 30 tudi) khdng phii li ngudi sft dyng CNTT thutog xuygn nhit Nguygn nhin cd thi li mdi trutog chua cd nhilu kinh nghifm, ngn hp cin dinh thdi gian dl ning cao trinh dO chuygn mdn, nghifp vy Nhtog GV d tudi trung nign di vtog ving chuygn mdn, nghifp vy, hp ty tin vife ddi mdi, eii tiln nghifp vy Nhtog GV sft dyng thudng xuygn CNTT ldp hpc khdng e nggi HS lim In io ldp hpc hay khdng lim theo ygu ciu eua GV Hp bilt cich kilm tra, quan li mto hinh efta HS v i ed nhtog bifn phip nghifp vy dk thu hut sy ehft y efta HS, Hp cung cd kinh nghifm vife xic dinh nhtog I^S khdng tuto thft mf nh If nh su phgm thdng qua nhtog thao tic vdi miy tfnh Hp ctog khdng sp tilt dgy bi bl tic bdi nhtog vin dl kl thu$t, bdi vi hp ed thi dy kiln trude nhtog cich dl tog biln vdi kinh nghifm kl thuit, su phgm efta hp Mdi quan hf gifta vife quto li ldp hpc vi sft dyng CNTT cd thi giftp giii thich phin nio vife GV sft dyng rit thutog xuygn phin mgm trinh chilu trgn ldp nhu hifn De thiy ring, vl mit kl thuft, sft dyng phin mIm trinh chilu li dan giin; trinh chilu giiip GV ehft dOng vl nOi dung trinh biy Ugn ldp; ddng thdi, GV vin auto li ldp hpc nhu ldp hpc truydn thdng Boi dudTig, t | p huin GV vl CNTT Mdi lign hf giQ-a quin If ldp hpc vi sft dyng CNTTfrfn ldp dit cau hdi vl vin dl bdi dutog, tfp huin GV tog dyng CNTT dgy hpc Vife bdi dutog GV ddng vai trd quylt dinh vife lim ting sy ty tin, mgnh dgn efta G V tog dyng CNTT trfn ldp hpc (Carugati & Tomasetto, 2002) NOi dung bdi dutog khdng chi li kl ning sft dyng thilt bi CNTT mi trude hit dd phii li ning lye, nghifp vy su phgm mdi trutog dgy hpc mdi mdi hudng dgy hpc cd sft dyng CNTT Phin Ito cie khda t$p huto GV sft dyng CNTT t|lp vio cic khia egnh ky thugt CNTT GV ft dupe t^p huin vl thyc hinh tog dyng CNTT vio dgy hpc vi kit hpp CNTT vio chuong trinh gitog d^y GV chua dupe hudmg din lim thg nio df eii tifn, dilu chinh, thay thi dgy hpc truyin thing Sau tham dy mOt khda hpc, GV vin khdng bidt lim thf nio sft dyng CNTT dk giing dgy vdi HS Khdng ft GV da thyc hinh sft dyng CNTT dgy hpc vdi HS rdi lgi quay lgi cich dfy hpc cQ Hay ndi cich khic, nhilu khda hpc cd rit it tic dOng liu dii din vife tfch hpp CNTT eua GV frong dgy hpc Tfp huin GV khdng phai dg hp trd thinh "tin dd" ciia CNTT mi GV cung cin ed tu phg phin vife Igm dyng CNTT dgy hpc GV khdng chi bigt tog dyng CNTT linh hogt vdi dgy hpc mi cdn CONG NGHE DAY HQC bilt thay ddi, eii tiln thdi quen day hpc truyin thing dl phft hgp vdi CNTT, Ket luan Vife tog dung CNTT day hpc li xu thi tit ylu CNTT da vi dang mang lai Ipi ich to Ito cho giio dye Vin dg cin uu tign quan tim li diy mgnh khai thie, tog dyng CNTT mOt cich phft hpp frong day hpc Hifn nay, nhtog tilt dgy cd tog dyng CNTT ngiy cing nhilu Vife dua tigu chi danh gii gid day cd sft dyng CNTT cd thi coi nhu mft bifn phip cin thilt vi thilt thyc giiip ntog cao Iiifu qui khai thie, tog dyng CNTT vi han ehl vife Igm dyng CNTT dgy hpc, Tii lifu tham khio Baron G-L & Brouillard E, L'informatique et ses usagers dans I'education Presses Universitaires de France, I'Educateur, Paris, 1996, Carugati F, & Tomasetto C Le corps enseignant face aux technologies de I'information et de la communication dans les pratiques d'enseignement Revue des sciences de I'dducation 2002 Cuban, L (1986) Teachers and machines: II The classroom use of tectoblogy since 1920 New York: Teachers College Press Cuban L., Oversold and underused: computers in the classroom, Cambridge: Harvard University Press 2001 Heer S & Akkari A Intdgration des TIC par les enseignants: premiers resultats d'une enqugte Suisse Revue Internationale des technologies en pedagogic universitaire 2006 Khaneboubi M,, Facteurs influenpant les usages de 1' informatique en classe par des enseignants des eollgges du dgpartement des Landes, Institut national de recherche pddagogique, Lyon 2009, Larose, F,, Grenon, V & Lafrance, S Pratiques et profils d'utilisation des TIC chez les enseignants d'une universitg Dans P, Bordeleau, C, Depover et L.-O, Poehon, L'ecole de demain a I'heure des technologies de I'information et de la communication Neuchitel, Suisse, 1999, Seels, B,, Fullerton, K., Berry, L., Horn L.J., Research on learning fi-om television The Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 2001, iiMHMiiiiHniniiininMiiniiMiniMHiiiiiniiuMiHiiMniinHniiiiniiiHiiiHMinMHiiNiiinuiiiMuiiiiJiniiiniiiiMHMHNUiMiinnMniiniMiiiihHNiMiniininiiiiiMiHiiiiMiiiiiiiHiiiiiinin TRUNG TOM GIflO DUC TNUdNG XUYEN DONG DA KHfU GIANG NAM HOC Mdi Ngiy 3/9/2014, Trung tam Giio dye thutog xuygn Ddng Da, Hi NOi da td ehftc khai gitog nam hpc 2014-2015 Dupe sy quan tim, chi dgo, giftp dd cua BO GD&DT, Vy GDTX, UBND TP Hi NOi, Sd GD&DT Hi NOi, Qu§n Uy, HDND, UBND quin Ddng Da, eie ca quan, don vi, cic trutog kit nghIa vi sy cd ging ciia toin Ihl eto bO, giio vign, hpc sinh, Nim hpc qua, Trung tam da dgt dupe nhtog thinh tich: kgt qua thi tdt nghifp dgt 97%; HS gidi eie mdn vto hda cip TP dgt 22 giii: giii nhit, giii nhi, giii ba, 10 giai KK, ttog 10 giii so vdi nim trude; 13 GV dgt giii cuOe thi GV chu rfiifm gidi, GV dupe giii nhi GV dgy gidi cip TP Ngoii ra, Trung tim cdn lign kit dio tgo hf Trung eip vdi ldp: ldp Trung cip nghi tin hpc vin phdng, ldp quin tri mgng, ldp Du lich - Khich sgn - Nhi htog Nim hpc 2013-2014, Trung tim dupe edng nhgn li dan vi tign tiln eip TP, Chi bO Dang dgt Trong sgch - Vtog mgnh, Cdng doin, Doin TNCS Hd Chi Minh li don vi xuit sic, nhi giio du dilu kifn dk nghi cdng nh$n Chiln sT thi dua cwp ca sd, Nim 2014 - 2015, nam hpc tilp tyc "ddi mdi can bto toin difn giio dye", tilp tyc hiln khai hifu qua kl hogch "Xiy dyng xa hOi hpc tgp giai dogn 2013 - 2020" vi kl hogch "Xda mft ehft din nim 2020 eua phd Hi NOi", tilp tyc etog ed md hmh hogt dOng eua TTGDTX eip huyfn vi TTHTCD theo hudng mft CO sd thuc hifn nhilu nhifm vy, md rOng vife day vin hda kit hpp vdi dgy nghi gdp phto phin ludng HS sau THCS, da dgng hda nOi dung, ehuang hinh vi Wnh thftc hpc tip nhim d ^ tog nhu ciu hpc t§j) thutog xuyfn, hpc tap sudt ddi eua mpi ngudi Nim hpc "Ky cuang - Khoa hpc - Hifu qui - Tilp tyc ddi mdi edng tic quto li, cdng tic chii nhifm - ning cao chit lupng chuyfn mdn" Hdng lam XXXXXV^OO^^^' ''^'•'yy'-''^^ Dilm quy dii cho m^t bii bio khoa hpc dupe cdng bo tren tgp chf TBGD cao nhit li 0,5 diem Theo "Vto bto phip quy" vi tii lifu hutog dan vl vife xet edng nhgii dgt tifu chuin ehftc danh giao su, phd giio su nam 2014, mdi bii bio khoa hpc dupe dang frfn tgp chi Thilt bi giio dye (Chi sd ISSN 18590810) dupe tfnh dilm quy ddi nhu sau: Vl Giio dye hpc: tu den 0,5; Ve Tim 1^ hpc: tft din 0,5) TAP CHf THlft" BI GlAO DMC - Sd 109 - 9/2014 • 45 ... khic, Cdng cy tin hpc nhu mOt logi cdng cy chung cung cip cic cdng cy khic Tin hpc khdng chi li ipOt cdng nghf, khdng thi dinh ddng vdi nhtog thilt bi thdng thutog khic ddi sdng Tin hpc khdng... li mdi trutog chua cd nhilu kinh nghifm, ngn hp cin dinh thdi gian dl ning cao trinh dO chuygn mdn, nghifp vy Nhtog GV d tudi trung nign di vtog ving chuygn mdn, nghifp vy, hp ty tin vife ddi... khdng gidng hoin toin vdi nhtog cdng nghf khic Thilt bi tin hpc (TBTH) linh hogt vi da ning Miy tinh khdng phii mOt cdng cy don giin, miy tinh khdng hogt dOng theo quy trinh e l dinh nhu thilt