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TAM Li HOC SINH Ll HOC LUA TUOI PHAN LOAI BAO LjfC HOC fllfllNG GlffA HOG SINH VA HOG 6 BAC TRUNG HOC HIEN NAY ThS NGUYEN B A C T H A N H '''' Bao luc hpc dudng (BLHO) dang trd thanh vain de bao dpng ddi[.]
TAM Li HOC - SINH Ll HOC LUA TUOI PHAN LOAI BAO LjfC HOC fllfllNG GlffA HOG SINH VA HOG BAC TRUNG HOC HIEN NAY ThS B ao luc hpc dudng (BLHO) dang trd vain de bao dpng ddi vdi nganh giao due ndi rieng va toan xa hpi ndi ehung Tinh trang bao luc (BL) cang dien bien phuc tap ca ve quy md va tinh chait vu viec Cac co quan quan li giao dye tutmng uong den dia phuong da ed nhieu van ban ehi dao tn/e tiep nham tang eudng cdng tac phdng chdng BLHD den tdng trudng Oe xac dinh nguyen nhan va xSy dung he thdng gial phap phdng ngda BLHO cd hieu qua, trudc het, can xay dung II lu|n ve phan loai BIHQ Manh vl BLHD Hanh vi BL dugc dinh nghla 7a hanh vicoydung sue manh the chat hoSc uy quyen dede dga hoSe thijchi$nhanh vichonglalban than, nguc^khachoac mgt nhdm ngudi hay mot cgng dong lam gayra ha^ lam gia tang kha nSng gayra ton thuong, tuvong, ton hai ve tam li, anh huong den suphat trien hay gay suma^maHl ;356) Hanh vIBLHD (School violence) la mdt phan eiia hanh vi BL vdi cae bleu hien rat da dang.Khainiem BLHD hlennaydugccacnhanghien cdu dd Ccip dudi nhieu gdc dp, chang han: mpt sd tac gia ddng nhat gida BLHO vdl b^t nat hgc dudng (school bullying) va cho r^ng day la hanh vi b^t nat trudng hpcnhumpt7;an/)w7/eu cue cft/gCj^d/ ISp lai, cd y dinh xa'u eua mot hoae nhieu HS nhim tn/e tiip chaig lai m gt HS, ngudi co khd khan viee tubao veban than'(Dan Olweus) (2; 16) M dt sd tac gia khac lai tiep can khai niem B LHD la bat ki hinh thue hoat dong BL hoae eac hoat dong b4n cac cosdtn/dng hpc, bao gom cac hanh vi bit nat lam dung than the, lam dung bing Idi ndi, au da, ban, Vdi each hieu nay, BLHD chda dung ca hanh vi bSt nat nhung pham vi ehi dien ben trudng hpc Tren cd si5 nghien cuu van de chiing tdi cho rang:BLHBIaBL ngdn ngd, tinh than,than thenhim tti yc hien cacydd giua cacHS vdiHS, HSvdiGV,giua GVvdlGVdlenradphamvitrongvangoainha^dng (ki2-5/2013)- NGUYEN B A C THANH' Bai Viet ehi de cap den pham vi BL diin giua HSvaHS Phan loai BLHD giua HS vdl HS 1) Can eu theo yeu to tae dpng gay BLHD vahauquagayraBLHD.cdthechia BLHD lam 4k)ai: + BL vengon ng(f\a hanh vi mdt HS hay mdt nhdm HS su dung ngdn ngu (ndi va viet) de lang ma, xiic pham danh du nhan pham, uy tin, bit nat mpt HS ho|c mpt nhdm HS khac Dang BL diln rat thudng xuyen nhung hau qua gay chua rd ret va chua nghiem trpng ddi vdi nan nhan nen nha giao dye rat khd khiem soat Mac du vay, day la hanh vl BL khdi dau cho cac BL khae nhu BL ve tam li BL the chat; + fiLt'e/)/n/)an/7lavieeehiitheciiahanhviBLsu dung nhung hinh anh, clip eiia nan nhan (hoae hinh anh ciia nhung ngudi Hen quan den nan nhan nhu dng ba, cha me, anh, chi, em, ban be ) detreu choc, Cham biem, khinh khi, de biu, miet thj lam nhye nan nhan Vd^ su trg giiip ciia Internet va mpt sd phan mem nhu Photoshop, nhieu vy BL hinh anh n h u s d dung khudn mat cua nan nhan dech§p ghep vdl nhung than hinh ngudi khae rdi tung len mang nham lam nhuc nan nhan Otaing hgc nhieu tn/dng hgp HS su dung hinh anh ciia nhdng nhan vat xa'u xa, ghe tdtn tham chi ca ddng vat de gan ghep vao HS khac nhu; "H Chi Pheo", "Kh Thj Nd" "C dau bd" Ve mat tam li nhung hinh anh cd hien huu dau gay nen su tu tl, e ngai eho cac em BL ve hinh anh gay nhung tdn hai tam li nang neva keo dai eho nan nhan; + BL vetam //la hanh vi BL ma chu thesudung yeu tdt tam li tae ddng den nan nhan Hanh vi bieu hien d viec ki thj xa lanh, cd lap ndi xa'u, ghi hinh va Igi dung Internet beuxau.de dga hoae quay rdl, choc gh?o gay sde ep thudng xuyen len nan nhan, ddng thdi chu the ciia hanh vi BL cdn Idi keo nhC^g ngudi khac tham gia vao nhung hanh vi * TitfODg 0ai hgc sir pham TP Ho Chi Minh Tap chi Gido due so 310 Tinh trang BL keo dai ddi vdi nan nhan se ddn den trang thai tram cam, ed don, lac Idng e ngai dam ddng, sg hai, thieu tu tin tiep xiic vdi nhung ngudi khac; + BL ve sde manh, i^d/ucla hanh vi BL dd chii the sudung sde manh, vu lue (ca phuong ti?n vu khi) de tae ddng den nan nhan Dang BL thudng gay nen nhdng ton hai nang ne ve the xac eho nan nhan Bieu hien cua hanh vi thudng la HS danh dam, xd day, gal tdc nem dd vat, su dyng phuong tien (gay gde dng tuyt sk day dien, dao, kiem, ban ghe, gach da, siing, luu dan ,) de gay thuong tich tham chi tudc doat tinh mang ciia ngudi khae Cd the cho r§ng BL tinh dye eung thupc loai BL nay, vt day la tn/dng hc^ chu the sudyng vu luc de gay ton hai ve thechatvatinh than cho nan nhan BLdiing sue manh, vu luc la loai hinh rat rd net, nhieu ngudi biet va gay hau qua nghiem trpng 2} Can cu theo bieu hien ben ngoai ve hau qua cua BLHD, CO \hech'\a BL lam loai: +BL quan sat duck; tn/e tiep la dang BL m a thdng thudng ngudi khac cd the quan sat duge bleu hien nhuehiiyiesudyng phuong tien, vu degayBL Hau qua eua dang BL cung quan sat dugc vi nd bdc Id ben ngoai Odedthe la nhung thuong tich ve the xae hay gay nhung mait mat ve tai chinh hoae vat chat + BL khong quan sat duae tn/e tiep: Cd nhung dang BL ma bieu hien va hau qua eua nd rat khdquan sat tn/c tiep nhung gay ton hai rat nang ne ve sau Chu thegay BL sudung ngdn ngu, hinh anh, hanh vi each li, cd l$p , khdng gay thuong tieh ve the xae nhung lai gay cho nan nhan su hoang lo^n k> sg ngai tiep xiic vdi ngudi khae vanhung trang thai tam li thudng keo daL Cach phan chia tren cung chi manh tinh tuong ddlvicd rat nhieu hanh viBL gayra nhung haugua vua quan sat dugc vda khdng quan sat duge, chang han: cac vu au da, cd su dyng vu hay eac vy BL tinh dye se gay thuong tieh than the va anh hudng ea mat tam live sau 3)Can ciivaopham vidiSn BLHD + BLHD dien ben nha trudng la nhung dang BL dien pham vl quan li cua nha trudng Nhung ngdn ngd, hanh vi, thai dp, phuong tien vu gay BL deu diln Idp hpc hoae khudn vien nha trudng Trong khudn vien nha trudng hien thudng dUdc quan li chat che, vi vay, it ed su xam nhap cua cac thieu nien ben ngoai vao nha tn/dng tham gia BL Mac du vay qua nhieu vy BLHD 10 Tap chi Gido due so 310 gan day cho thay, nhdng mau thuan d i n den BL ben ngoai nha trudng tai xuat phat td trudng hpc Hien nay, cd rait nhieu tn/dng dua nhung quy djnh cam tuyet ddi cac hanh vi BLHO diln trudng hpe, ban than ngudiquan livaGV cung ehi kiem soat hanh vi BL ben nha tn/dng la chinh Vi vay, BLHD ben pham vi nha trudng hipn phan Idn thudng bieu hien cac dang BL ve ngdn ngd hinh anh tam li Day eung la mam mdng eho nhung BL diln ben ngoai + BLHD dien ben ngoai nha trucmg: Logi BL thudng the hien dudi nhieu hinh thdc, tdsddung ngdn ngdde de dpa, miet thj, b^t ep den cac hanh vl au da, danh dap, tran lot, giet hai Suphue tap hanh vl BL bieu hien d viee nhieu HS edn huy dpng, Idi keo them eae HS d tn/dng khac, nhdng thieu nien dja phuong tham gia vao boat dpng BL Dieu ddcung dan den van de BL dien quy mo Idn hon tinh chat nghiem trgng hon Mat khac, hanh vi BL dien ben ngoai khudn vien nha trudng nen viec giam sat kiem soat eiia cae nha quan li, GV g5p rait nhieu khd khan Oe khSc phue hien tugng BL nay, nha trudng gia dinh va cac luc luong xa hpi can phd'i h