® GlAOOVCNlMCNGOAl NGHI VE BO MON VAN HOC TRONG NHA T R U O N G d NOOC NGA HIEN NAY Mpi ehuy$n b i t d l u t d cdc kl thi Ngdy trdde hpc sinh tdt nghidp, theo quy c h l b i t buPc phdi thi mdn v i n d[.]
® GlAOOVCNlMCNGOAl NGHI VE BO MON VAN HOC TRONG NHA TRUONG d NOOC NGA HIEN NAY MIKHAIL NJANKOVSKI Nhl gido cAno huln UAn bang Nga, Glim dtfc Nhd xull bin "Vlfn hdn Ilm phll trrfn Mpi ehuy$n b i t d l u t d cdc kl thi Ngdy trdde hpc sinh tdt nghidp, theo quy c h l b i t buPc phdi thi mdn v i n dddi hai hinh thdc v i n d i p v l v i l t D i l u d d buPe c l e thi sinh trUdc kl thi tdt nghidp phd thdng phdi hpc thupc t i t cd cdc p h i l u thi, tdc Id dn Igi todn bd g i l o trinh, phyc hdi tri n h d nhdng tdc p h l m da dpc theo ehddng trinh (vl n l u khdng dpc nhCmg t i e p h l m l y thi khd Idng vdpt qua ddpe kl s i t hgeh) B i l t r i n g trdde m i t phdi dUong d l u vdl su t h d thdch khdng d l d i n g n l n cdc hpc sinh da dpc trdde (ho$c bupc p h l l dpc) vdn hpe Nga, v l bdng cdch ndy hay cdch khdc da n g h i l n n g l m nd Sau dd, mdn thi v i n ddp b i t budc d l bi hCiy bd vd dupe dua v i o danh mye " t y chpn" Cle thf sinh sdng da n h l t d l nhanh ehdng h i l u r i n g sd t h I t khdng ed Icfl n l u chpn mdn thi m l vl^c c h u I n b|, n g o l l sdch g i l o khoa ra, cdn ddi hdi phdi dpc thdm nhdhg sleh d l y edm cda Tolstoi vd Dostoevski V I t h i Id hp thdi khdng dpc tdc p h l m nda Cle thf sinh khdc ft nhanh tri hon, m d t thdi gian n h l t dinh, theo thdi quen, van cdn dpc nhdng tdc p h l m ghi p h i l u thi v! hp cho r i n g n l u khdng n i m vimg todn b d gido trlnh th) khdng I l m ddpe bai Nhdng hp eung nhanh chdng h i l u rdng s6 ede d l thi ddt khodt sd cd m$t d u hdi v l vdn hpc t h i kl XIX, m p t c l u hdi v l vdn hpc t h i kl XX, v l m d t chd d l hodn todn t y T h i Id hp b i t d l u dpc vd hpc theo "td" Thdm chf hp khdng d y d o l n dypc r i n g cdn cd mdt " n i l m vui b i t ngd" nda dang chd dpi hp d phia trdde ft Idu sau, mpt su lya chpn niig dupe ddnh cho cdc hpc sinh tdt n g h l i p : Idm bdi l u i n (sochinenle) hay bdi t h u l t Igi (lzlozhenle)?Tlt nhidn I I ndn chpn bdi thudt lal! Hudng h d cd nhCmg thdy gido tdt byng, ddng m i n , da l i p tdc b i l n n d thdnh "bdi ehlnh t l dpc nhanh" V I nguydn t i e t h i I I v i n hpc di ddt! Cd t h i khdng d n t d chdc mdn thi qude gia hdng n i m nCra Vd lai, mdn thi qudc gia hdng n i m v l vdn hpe cung Id mdt mdn thi theo sy lya chpn, v l thdng t h y d n g ch! cd 3% thf sinh lya chpn nd Cdn ndi v l 62*KH0AH9CGlAgDVC c l e mdn hpe md k i t qud qua kl thi qudc gia hdng ndm dupe cdc trudng dai hpe vd cao d i n g chip nh^n thi v i n hpc t h i m chl edn bj loai trd khdi danh sdch d d n h i n sinh vidn vdo n h i l u ehuydn ngdnh cua cdc khoa hpe n h i n vdn Nhdng d i trd d d da d i n tdi d i l u gl? D i n tdi k i t q u i m l chl ed t h i dUoc trdng dpi: d c hpc sinh d l ngtmg dpc Khdng, khdng p h l l vd t u y I n truyin hinh, khdng phdi mdy vi tinh, v l cung khdng phll Internet Idm cho cde ban trd quay limg Igi vdl vdn hpc Chfnh nhdng nguifi dupe trao cho sd mdnh thyc hidn chfnh sdeh gido due d l d l y d i mdn hpc trdde d l y Id chd y l u d d xudng hdng I p chdt cda chyong trinh dgy hoc V I d i l u d d dang xdy d nyde Nga Id noi ^ thdc cOa ngUdi bao gid cung eoi v i n hpe I I trung tdm, Id nOi ngddi khdng h l n sdng khdng gian dja II, md chO y l u sdng khdng gian eua nhdng trfch doan v i n hpe d d d todn bd n l n v i n hda: s i n k h I u , didn I n h , t h i m chl vu ba I I cung dya theo v i n h p e d dd ngudi ta ndl n h i l u d i n d c gid trj tinh t h i n md chiing ta se khdng nghe t h l y dUpc d t i t c l d c nudc khdc gdp chung Igi! Cd l l n tdi dupc tham d y m d t cupe hdi nghi b i n trdn bdn v l mdn t h i v i n hpc m l vdo thdl dilm d d d l bl hOy b d (nhdn t h i ndl t h i m r i n g dd cOng Id m$t d l u hl^u cCia n l n d i n ehtj nyde nhd: t h o g t t i l n Id chiing ta huy b d rdi sau d d mi^ bdn bae thdo in ludn) Odi vdl nhCmg y k i l n cho r i n g mdn thi vdn m hpc Id d n t h i l t , mdc d l u nhdng hinh thdc ciia nd '" ed t h i r l t khdc nhau, m d t sd nhihig vj Ilnh dgo hdi d d cda Bd G i l o due da phdn bde Igi tdi: "Nhimg Id n I o hpe van hpe ehl cdt d l thi? Van hpc Id d l nudi dudng tdm hdn chUI'Vd ngudi l y hodn t o l n dtingt Q u i t h I t , e l todn l l n t i i n g Nga cung dupe hpc khdng phdi d l l l y d i l m NhUng, may m i n thay, khdng cho r i n g vide d i n h g i l v l lain thdc chl ft ciia nhiimg m d n hpc d d Id khdng that d n t h i l t Nhu t h i cd nghTa Id nhtihg ngUdl sogn t h i o c h i l n lupc thi t d t nghidp dti cQng h i l u rd sdc kIch thfch mgnh me cCia kl thi vide hpe GlAODUCNUOCNGOAl mdt mdn ndy hay mpt mdn khde Mdt mdn ndy hay mdt mdn khdc song chl cd d i l u khdng p h i i Id van hpc M l eung ed the nd thyc sy khdng d n t h i l t chdng? Con ngydi h l l n dgi d n d i n vdn hpe Nga (trUde d l y ngudi ta cdn b d sung tinh ngd"vT dgi") de lam gl? N6 dem lai Ipi Ich chi? Chung ta hay eimg suy nghT xem: m p t t h i l u nidn hidn mong mudn dat dupe d i l u gl vd hd thdng gido dye hidn mong mudn b i l n thdnh ngUdi nhd t h i ndo? Hidn nhCmg djnh hudng chCi y l u Id sy thinh dgt, khd ndng canh tranh, s u d i m bdo v l m i t vlt chit, kT n i n g vun vdn sy nghidp cho minh, tdi thing quan t i l n chdc, v.v Lidu t r i n phyong didn n l y vdn hpc Nga, mdt nen vdn hpe vaeh t r i n thdi hdm danh lpl vd q u y l n lUe cOa ddng t i l n , m d t n l n vdn hpe d n h bdo vide dat tdi muc dich cua minh b i n g d e h Idm phyong hgi d i n ngudi khdc, mpt n l n v i n hpe k h I n g djnh ring "mye dieh eCia sdng tao Id sy cdng h l l n qudn minh chU khdng phdi Id vide khua ehldng gidng trdng, khdng p h l l Id t i i n g tdm - mpt n l n van hpc nhu vly, cd giiip Ich gl eho hpc sinh tdt nghidp khdng? Hdi di, v i n hpe thdm ehl edn ed t h i g l y trd ngai Id ding khde Vdvj t i t n d s e giup fch eho nhdng nhilm vu cda vide hidn dai hda, ciia q u i trlnh ddi mdi, ciia cdng nghd nano Vly thi tgi vdn hpc Igi b| phdn bdi? NguPi ta khdng mudn nhin t h l y l e y hanh dpng ctia d c quan ehde g i l o dye g l y ndn, m l e d l u ddi thudng ndy nhting y nghi nhU t h i nay: mdt mat, eal qudn ngudi khdng dpc sleh, tde la ngudi kdm phdt t r i l n v l mat tri tud, thi don gidn hon nhilu, mdt k h I e ngddi d d khdng bj ddy vd bdi nhting cdu hdi vTnh cdu ndi d i n vide kiem 161: neu d n thi dudi 500 ngddi vd Idm eho gia dinh cfla hp mat phddng k l sinh nhai md khdng h i bj "luong t i m d n rdt", n l u d n thi dting eOi chd chen I5n nhUng kd canh tranh m l khdng suy nghT xem 'ta Id dd sue sinh hay ta ed quyln" Va the chung ta hay cd khdng suy nghT r i n g vl Ipi Ich d i n g n g d l y md d e vj quan ehde dd tien hdnh mpt cudc d l u tranh cd y thdc chdng Igi vide hoc vdn Cd t h i c h I n g qua hp da qudn khuay m i t mdn hpc l y Md dOng Id hidn khdng cdn d l u 6c ndo d l nghT tdi van hpc nda! Hidn ddpe Uu ^i 1^ vi tfnh hda, tin hpc hda, vd rdt eupe I I sU hinh thinh Idl sdng khde ( h i l u theo nghia the lyc) ® Tdi khdng h i p h l n ddi nhdng t h d du tidn k l trdn Chi h i l m mdt ndi Id chdng trai d d se phdt t r i l n thdnh mpt ngddi khde manh v l mat the lUc, r l t thdnh thao m I y vi tinh vd khdng dpc Dostoevski V I l y , lieu cd ndn ngac nhidn v l thdi vd l l l m si vd t h i i dp vd trdch nhidm mang tinh c h i t phd bien, v l sy hodnh hdnh eiia tdi phgm vd chii nghTa khiing bd, v l quy md ciia ngn tham nhung? Lidu ed ndn ngac n h i l n I I hidn ed t h i ddnh ed gido trUdc mat cdc em nhd, dting ddnh qud mdt nhd bdo m l minh khdng ung y., Cd Id Id tdi ngdy tho, nhUng tdi van tin chle nhU trUdc day r i n g t i m g roi Id trude sd p h l n cda Raskolnikov', hay chf ft trUdc s6 p h l n ciia eon chd Mumu b i t hanh^ da kinh hodng v l cudc sdng ghd tdm quay chung quanh Aliosha Peshkov^ at da tUng run r i y ciing vdl Nikolai Rostov^ lao vdo cupe t i l n cdng chdng q u I n thti thi ngudi l y mdt tram l l n suy nghi trude Idm nhung hdnh dpng bl dl nhU t h i Al Id ngudl sd quan tam den vide ndy? Hdi dl, trdn k h i p d I t nudc gdm nhieu t r i l u ddn ehl cd moi gido v i l n van hpe md thdi! Khdng se t h u y l t phuc noi tdi r i n g su quan t i m d i n tinh trang tinh t h i n eiia d e edng d i n I I cdng vide ciia nhd n u d c Cd the sd phdt trien v l van hpc cua hpe sinh d n cho phu huynh ciia d c em chang? Hdi dl, mdt Id, phan Idn hp dgt cho minh nhCfng nhiem vy eye kl thyc t l cd lien quan d i n vide giao dye eon d i Hai Id, tinh trgng van hpe hien dUpc hinh khdng phai ehl mdi ngdy hdm qua, dd chung ta cung da ddnh mat d mdt t h i h i phy huynh Cle hpe sinh hidn nay, hdi di, todn Id em eua nhung bac cha me khdng dpe sdch Cdn d n cho nda? Cho nhdng nhd qudn If ehIng? Tdi chda bao gIP nghe ndl r i n g d c cudc phdng van d l tuyen dung nhan vien, ngUdi ta Igi dd dpng den van h o c Cho cdc nhd van chIng? Tdi rang d e nha vdn thue thy d l u eoi vide dda van hpc vdo chuong trinh nhd trudng, ndi ddng Id mdt hinh phat Cho d c nhd x u l t bdn chang? That bat tien viet v l dieu ndy, nhat la ban dang ngdi chile ' Nhan vdt chfnh ti^u thuylt Tfii 3c vk trCmg phat" ciia F Dostoevski ^"Mumu'-tSn m6t truyfin ngin cCia I.Turgenev ' Nhan vSi chfnh b6 ba ty truydn cua M Gorki "* Nhan vat b6 ti^u thuyft sCl tiii,"Chien tranh va hoa blnh'cOa L.Tolstoi (Cac chii thfch cua ngudi djch) Sti 80-mtNG 5/2012* 63 I^GlAODUCNUOCNGOAl ghi biln t i p vidn, nhdng da s6 In phlm phd c$p duoc xult bin vdl sd lUpng In rlt Idn sd dT mang tfnh chit phd c^p Id bdi vl trinh dp eOa nhdng ydu clu thim mT d ddc gid tilm ndng rlt thIp Cd thi dlu dilu dd cung d n cho chlnh cdc trd em chdng? Thyc Idng m l ndl, tdi khdng rd vl|c chdng cd nhdn thdc ddpe sy d n thilt cCia nhdng kiln thdc sdu sle hay khdng V$y thi chlng nhd qui thye sy phlt triln vdn hpe khdng d n cho mpt hay sao! M^t ngydi dam md dpc sdeh, hon nda, bilt dpc mpt deh am hilu, bilt cdm nh|n mpt deh tinh t l , mpt ngydi cd trii tim nhin hlu, bilt suy nghT, bilt dIt nhdng clu hdi khdng ehl mang tinh chit sinh hogt md cdn mang d tinh chit sinh tdn - mPt ngddl nhd v^y chIng nhd Igi khdng d n eho bit cd al mOt dIt nddc r^ng Idn timg tgo nln m$t nln vin hpc Vl DAI? Nlu tin vdo dilu ly thi cd nghTa Id khdng cdn tin vdo nyde Nga nda Nhdng, thug d c ngdi, chung ta khdng chl Id d e quan ehde, cdc nhl kinh doanh, d c nhd sd phgm, ede bde phu huynh Ngoli t i t el d e vai trd xl hdi cda chung ta ra, ehiing ta edn cd thdm mpt vai trd cyc kl quan trpng nda: chung ta dlu cung Id NHCNG CON NGUdl Vly hd ed ehl bdn thin chdng ta, nhdng ngddi dypc gido due bing d e tde phlm cda Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, Chekhov, hd cd ehl ehdng ta Igi tddc dogt nilm vui dd cCia dc em chdng ta? Trong cupe ehgy dua theo d c cdng nghd nano, li^u chung ta ed biln nln vin hpe vi dai cOa chdng ta thdnh thdvdn hpe nano, mdtthdvin hpc mdng manh vd eye nhd din ndl nd hlu nhy khdng nhin thly dypc? Chlnh mpt nhl tho Nga vT dgi mdi mit deh dly khdng llu da viet: "Mpi tiln bp dlu Id ph^n ddng nlu nhd eon ngddi bj tilu vong" Hay Id chung ta eung chua dpe nhl tho dd? U Son dieh (Theo "Literaturnaja gazeta' sd 4, nim 2011) SUMMARY The writer presents some thoughts on the roles played by literature subject in contemporary Russia schools IIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIllllllllllllHIIIIMIIIIMIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllinillllllMIIIIIIMIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIinilinilllllllllllllllUIIIIIII^ NHO CAO GIAO TIER CUA THIEU NIEN VOl CHA ME O^Ptheo trang 42} d u eao hon nhdm hpc sinh Id cd (A" = 1.89 so vdl 1.61 vd 1.59) Ket luan Oa s6 hpc sinh cd nhu clu giao tllp vdl eha me Id tuong ddi thIp, nhu d u glao tilp vdl me cd phln nhtnh hon so vdi cha, nhdng nhin chung d hpc sinh THCS nhu d u glao tllp vdi cha m? d c em cd xu hudng gidm din d e em ldn Cde em nam ed nhu d u giao tiep cao hon d c em nd, hpc sinh cd hpc lyc gidi, khd cung ed nhu elu giao tllp vdl cha me cao hon nhOmg em cd hpe lyc trung binh vd ylu Hpc sinh Id cd vd eon tit ed nhu d u glao tllp vdi me cao hon hpc sinh Id gliig, edn d6l vdl eha nhting em hpc sinh Id dt lal ed nhu elu glao tllp cao hon so vdl nhdng hpc sinh Id d Hpe sinh eOng dda nhilu nguydn nhdn din din nhu elu glao tllp vdl cha me eOa d c em suy gidm nhu^ cha m? b^n rdn, gid gilc sinh hoat cOa cha me vd Idch nhau, deh glao tiep eOa eha me ludn dp ddt, quan nilm deh nhin nhin vin d l thddng trdi ngdpe 64*KHOAH(ICGlAODVC TAI Lieu THAM KHAO Ngd Cdng Holn, Tdm // hpc gia dinh, NXB trddng DHSP Hd Ndl, 1993 Ld Tiln Hting, Niim vui cOa cha me,, NXB Phu nd, 1978 V.l Lebedep, Tdm //xd hdi qudn II, NXB Su thdt, 1989 Ode Minh, Gido dgc gia dinh vd tudi thiiu niin, NXB Phy nd, 1977 Phil MeGrawf, Gia dinh trin hit, NXB Vdn hda thdng tin, 2005 SUMMARY The publication Is focused on exploring the communicative needs among young children with their parents The research findings are analyzed an compared in respect of multiple criteria, including for example, grade, learning ability, location, sex The article has shown the level and cause of impact on eommunieati\^ needs among young children wit their parents ... hpc M l eung ed the nd thyc sy khdng d n t h i l t chdng? Con ngydi h l l n dgi d n d i n vdn hpe Nga (trUde d l y ngudi ta cdn b d sung tinh ngd"vT dgi") de lam gl? N6 dem lai Ipi Ich chi? Chung... vdn sy nghidp cho minh, tdi thing quan t i l n chdc, v.v Lidu t r i n phyong didn n l y vdn hpc Nga, mdt nen vdn hpe vaeh t r i n thdi hdm danh lpl vd q u y l n lUe cOa ddng t i l n , m d t n... cd giiip Ich gl eho hpc sinh tdt nghidp khdng? Hdi di, v i n hpe thdm ehl edn ed t h i g l y trd ngai Id ding khde Vdvj t i t n d s e giup fch eho nhdng nhilm vu cda vide hidn dai hda, ciia q