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JOURNAL OV SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2012 Vol 57 No 9, pp 3 9 XAY DITNG CHUAN DAO TAO CU NHAN TOAN TRONG XU THE HOl NHAP Qu6c Tt 5 TRU6NG DAI HOC SU PHAM D6 Ddc Thai TrUf''''/ng Dgi hgc Suphgm Ud n[.]
JOURNAL OV SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2012 Vol 57 No 9, pp 3-9 XAY DITNG CHUAN DAO TAO CU NHAN TOAN TRONG XU THE HOl NHAP Qu6c Tt T R U N G DAI HOC SU PHAM D6 Ddc Thai TrUf'/ng Dgi hgc Suphgm Ud ngi E-mail: doducthai@hnuc.edu.vn Tom (at Bai bao de cap t6i viec xac dinh chuan dao tao cu" nhan siT pham toan va nhiJng nguyen tac cd ban de xay difng chuan dao lao Ngoai ra, bai bao cung dl xual quy trinh xay dung chuan dao lao ciif nhan sU pham Toan xu ih^ hoi nhap quoc te Titkhda: Xay dung chuan dao lao, chuan dao tao ciif nhan sU pham Toan Md dau Nhan to quy^t dinh cho sir cong ciia bSt ky cong cuoc cai each giao due nao eung la y^u to ngubi - doi ngu giao vien va nhflng nha quan ly giao due Ma dpi ngu dd chu yeu dddc dao tao tif he thOng cac trUdng Sif pham tren ca nUdc Vi vay song hanh vdi cong cuoc doi mdi can ban va toan dien nen giao due cua dat nitdc phai la cong cuoc cai each he thong dao tao giao vien va he th6ng cac trudng sU pham ca nudc ma mot nhflng khau quyet djnh la xac dinh dUdc noi dung hpc van va xay dUng dUdc chuan dao tao cut nhan sU pham xu the hoi nhap quoc te hien Co nhflng cau hoi cd ban dat la: ThS nao la chuan dao tao cfl nhan sU pham xu the hpi nhap qu6c te? Tai chiing ta lai c3n phai xay dUng bp chuan nay? Viec xay dung chuan dao tao cfl nhan su pham phai dfla tren nhflng cd sd khoa hpc nao? Quy trinh xay dflng chuan dao tao cfl nhan sfl pham xu the hpi nhap quoc te la nhu the nao? Trong khuon kho cua bai viet chiing toi se co gang dua cau tra ldi cho nhitng v^n de tren 2 Noi dung nghien cufu 2.1 Chuan dao lao la gi? 2.1.1 Chuan Chuan (Tieng Anh - standard) nghia la chuan mUc, ihUttc do, mau dung de so sanh cac doi tUdng khac viii no Y nghia cd ban ciia Chuan la d chu td chflc va dieu chinh quan he va hoat dpng ciia ngUtii hUdng den viec san xuat nhflng san pham co nhflng tinh chat va chat lupng xac dinh thoa man nhu cau cua xa hpi 2.1.2 Chuan kinh te-dich vu Trong kinh le-dich vu vii siin xuat cong nghiep, chuan (hay gpi day du la tieu ehuiin) la lap hpp nhflng quy dinh ki thuat, nhflng thupc ti'nh, dac tinh thong nhat cho mpt san pham hay mot nganh dich vu diing lam mau muc hay cd sii de lUtJng, danh gia hoac lam can cfldelhuc hien, Tieu chuan dUpc thiel lap bang each thoa thuan giifa cac ben hflu quan, la k6t qua cu the cua cong tac tieu chuan hoa va mot cd quan co tham quyen phe chuan nham cung cSp nhflng quy tac, nguyen tac chu dao, hfldng dan hoac dac tinh cho cac hoal dpng hoac kit qua hoal dpng de sfl dung chung va lap di lap lai nhieu lan nham dat dupc mflc dp trat tU tfii Uu mpl khung canh nhat dinh Tieu chuan phai dfldc xay dUng dUa tren cac ket qua vflng chac cua khoa hpc - cong nghe va kinh nghiem thUc te de nham dat dUpc ldi ich toi Uu cho cpng dong Doi IUdng cua Tieu chuan la san pham, cong trinh dich vu eung nhfl thuat ngfl, ki hieu, ddn vi, quy trinh, quy pham, phfldng phap, thu tuc, vv Cac Tieu chuan dUdc chia thanh; Tieu chuan ve kT thuat (kich cd toi da, t6i thieu, mau sac, cau thanh, v.v ); Tieu chuan ve tinh nang (san pham hoac dich vu c§n phai cd it nhit rnpt tinh nang nao do) Ngoai ra, Tieu chuan co the b^t bupc hay tU nguyen Tuy theo pham vi, Tieu chuan co the gidi han tflng xi nghiep tflng nganh hoac md rpng tdi quy mo quoc gia, khu vUc va quoc te CJ Viet Nam, hien co cap Tieu chuai: Tieu chuan Viet Nam (TCVN), Tieu chuan nganh (TCN), Tieu chuan dia phUdng/vung (TCV), Tieu chuan cd sd (TC) (xem cac tai lieu [2] va [3]) 2.1.3 Chuan giao due Ddi vdi giao due va dao lao, tfl thdi Hi Lap va La Ma co dai, ngUdi ta da noi den Chuan giao due (viet tat la chuan GD), tren cd set dd de yeu cau ddi vdi hpc sinh ciing nhfl ddi vdi cac chfldng trinh hpc Tuy nhien, thuat ngfl "Chuan giao due" theo each hieu hien dai xuat hien each day khong lau, dd khai niem "Chuan" dfldc vay mfldn tfl binh dien san xuat nhU da trinh bay d tren Vi v5y nhilu nha giao due chfla dong tinh vdi viec sfl dung thuat ngfl vi neu coi dd nhfl mpl thfldc giao due se can trd sfl sang tao va cd kha nang loai trfl linh tich eflc ciia ngfldi hoc Nhflng tren binh dien xa hpi thi Chuan giao due cd nhflng y nghia rieng biet Trong giao due, ngfldi ta hieu: "Chuan giao due la nhflng qui tac, yeu cau, nguyen tac"dfldc sfl dung rpng rai va da chiSu giao due"; "la mflc dd tieu chuan cua GD cSn thilt doi vdi xa hpi mdt khoang thdi gianiih^t dinh" Theo V.S Letnhev (2004), Chuan giao due dfldc hieu la mdt he thong "nhflng tham Xdy dimg chudn ddo tgo cit nhdn todn xn the hdi nhdp qudc te s6 cd ban dfldc thfla nhan la chua'n giao due quoc gia, phan anh mo hinh li tfldng cua xa hpi cd tinh den kha nang cua mot ca nhan cu the va kha nang cua he thdng giao due cd the dat ldi li tudng dd" Theo V.A.Slastionhin va I.F.Isaev (2008) thi: "Chuan GD dd la he thong cac tham so cd ban dfldc thfla nhan la chuan mUc (tieu chuan) qudc gia ciia trinh dp hpc van, phan anh li tudng xa hpi, cd tinh d6n kha nang thUc te cua ca nhan va ciia he Ihdng GD cd the dap flng dupc li tudng nay" Chua'n GD la van ban lien quan den Luat GD, giai thich mdt phan cua Luat Nd phat trien va cu the hda Luat GD v§ npi dung, mflc dp va hinh thflc bieu dat, chi cac phUdng phap hinh thflc ludng va giai thich ket qua day hpc Thong qua Chua'n ihuc hien viec bao dam tinh on dinh cua mflc dp yeu c5u cua GD, su hoan thien va dap flng ki vpng cua sfl phat trien ciia xa hoi Luat GD cung qui djnh: nha nfldc chi qui dinh mflc (lieu chuan) tdi thieu can thiSt Clia trinh hpc v§n Viec xac dinh npi dung GD tren mflc chuan thupc ve tham quyen cua cac cd sd GD Cd the ndi: Chuan GD la mpt he thong cac tham sd phan anh muc tieu va gia tri, npi dung va ket qua (yeu ciu ve cap dao tao) ciia GD, dac diem cd ban cua qua trinh GD, dung lUdng thdi gian de dat tflng cSp dp GD, va xet tren binh dien qudc gia hay cua tflng vung lanh thd, cd doi chi6u, so sanh tren binh dien qudc ti Chuan GD phan anh yeu cau cua qudc gia ddi vdi cdng dan va yeu cSu cua cdng dan doi vdi qudc gia Qudc gia yeu cSu cdng dan phai dat den mpt chuan trinh dp hpc v4n xac dinh va bao dam nhflng dich vu giao due can thiet de dat dupc trinh dp Cung cd the ndi Chuan GDPT la mot he thong qui tac bat budc phai thUc hien mpi cd sd giao due, nham bao dam khdng gian giao due thdng nhat cua dat nUdc va sU on dinh chat lUdng giao due Chuan vfla cd tinh on dinh mdt khoang thdi gian nhSt dinh nhUng dong thdi bao dam tinh cd hoat va tinh md, phan anh nhflng thay doi cua nhu ciu xa hdi va kha nang dap flng cua he thdng giao due Chuan bao dam tinh kS thfla ddng thdi dap flng yeu cau doi mdi he thong giao due va chinh diSu bao dam cho Chuan tinh da dang va tfnh m8m deo cua viec giai quyet nhflng v§n de cu the 2.1.4 Chuan dao tao cur nhan su pham Toan Tfl nhflng lap luan tren ta cd the xac dinh khai niem chuan dao tao cfl nhan sfl pham Toan xu thS hdi nhap qudc te bang each coi Chuan dao tao cfl nhan su pham Toan la bd chuan giao due xac dinh; i) Ndi dung toi thieu bat bupc cua Chfldng trinh dao tao cfl nhan sfl pham Toan xu the hdi nhap qudc te ii) Dung Ifldng toi da ciia tai hoc cua sinh vien va thdi gian hpc tieu chu& iii) Yeu cau ve trinh dp dao tao sinh vien cua cac cd sd dao tao cfl nhan sfl pham Toan iv) Yeu cau cd ban ve dieu kien bao dam qua trinh giao due (bao dam cd sd vat ch4t kl thuat, phdng thi nghiem, thflc hanh, ciing nhfl can bp, nhan vien) v) La mpt he thdng qui tac bat budc phai thflc hi6n mm cd sd dao tao cfl nhSn su pham Toan nham biio dam khdng gian giao due thdng nhat cua dat nifdc va sfl dn dinh chat lUPng diio tao jiiao vicn Tai chiing la lai c;1n phai xay dung bd chuan niiy? Thfl nhat, vice llufc hien Chiui'n diio tao cfl nhan sfl pham Toan cho phep: - Bao d:iin tinh thong nhat ciia khdng gian giao due dicu kicn da dang hda cac kieu hinh trfldng h'lp; - Chiiii'n hda lai hoc, niing can linh vfla sflc ciia tai Iicu hpc tap hinh d ngfldi hoc tinh tich cUc hoc tap; ^ Ilinh thiinh lieu chuan d:inh gia ve mflc dp giiio due; cho phep chuyen sang viec danh gia ket qua lao dong ciia giao vicn tren cd si't ket qua hoc lap cua sinh vien ddi chieu vdi Chuan; - Cho phep van dung nhflng giai phap quiin li c(i ban; - Bao diim thdi lfldng cho nhflng gid hoc tfl chpn cua ngifili htK Ifldng flng vdi nang life, sd thich va thien hUdng cua hp Thfl hai vice thuc hicn Chuan dao tao cfl nhan ,sU pham Toan la c(( sd: - Soan ihao ChUtlng trinh dao tao; - Danh gia khiich quan trinh dp dao tao cua cac cd sd GD; - Xac dinh mflc chi phi cua eac dich vu GD cdng mien phi; ' Thiet lap linh tudng dUdng cua cac van ban vc dao lao cfl nhan sU pham Toan tren loan qudc; - Thiet lap yeu cau cua qudc gia doi vdi cac cd sd GD ve vice cung cap trang diiel bi bao dam qua trinh GD 2.1.5 Cac loai chuan theo yeu cau ve trinh Neu xem xet theo yeu c4u ve trinh dp can dat, ngfldi la co the phan biet: chuan toi thieu, chuan trung binh va chuan tdi da Chuan toi Ihieu; Quy dmh mflc toi thieu ve nang Iflc ma ngfldi hpc can dat dfldc d mdt thdi diem da dfldc quy dmh trfldc Irong thdi gian hpc tap Chuan trung binh: Xac dinh cac nang life ma ngfldi hiic d trinh dp trung binh can dat dfldc Chuan tdi da; Md ta nhflng nang lite ma nhflng ngfldi hoc lot nhat co th^ dat dfldc 2.2 Vice xay dUng c h u a n d a o tao cur n h a n sir p h a m phai d u a tren nhihig CO s o k h o a hoc nao? Cd ba nguyen tac chinh de xay ditng Chuan dao lao cfl nhan sfl pham Toan xu thi hpi nhap qudc te 2.2.1 Nguyen tac thu* nhat: Phai bat dau tur IVict ly giao due IViet Iy giao due se dan ta den Muc ticu giao due Cd the coi day la cd sd khoa hpc quan nhat vi muc ti€u giao due se dan ta din viec xac dinh ndi dung hoc van vii xay dflng dfldc Chu^n dao tao cfl nhiin sfl pham Toan xu the hdi nhap quoc te, dang dap flng dfldc yfiu c5u cua muc tifiu giao due Xdy dung chudn ddo tgo cif nhdn lodn xu the hdi nhdp qudc te sau nam 2015 Trong bai viet [ ] chung tdi da dc xual ba luan dicm sau lam iru cot cho iriet ly giao due dai hpc "ngiinh Toan ci'ui nifdc ta Ludn diem I: Giiio due dai hpc nganh Toiin can nham dap flng nhu cau xii hdi Ludn die'm 2: ChUdng trinh kiln thflc va ciich day kiln ihflc phai phuc vu nhu c3u "hpc de biet", "hpc dc liini" ciia ngifdi hoc vii ph