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ca NGHIEN CUU QUAN Li CHAT LU0NG TRONG GIAO DUC DAI HOC VA VAN DUNG VAO THUC TIEN VIET NAM TS NGUYEN QUANG GIAO Trudng Bai hoc Ngoai ngd Bai hoc B l Nang 1 Dat van d l Chit lupng ludn l i muc tidu hin[.]
ca NGHIEN CUU QUAN Li CHAT LU0NG TRONG GIAO DUC DAI HOC VA VAN DUNG VAO THUC TIEN VIET NAM TS NGUYEN QUANG GIAO Trudng Bai hoc Ngoai ngd - Bai hoc B l Nang Dat van d l Chit lupng ludn l i muc tidu hing dau sudt chilu d i i Ijeh sd cua loii ngudi Nd l i dpng life d4 eon ngUdi khdng ngdng vUon Idn v i phat triln Chit lupng ludn tao d m hdng d4 eon ngUdi nd life vuon tdi nhdng g i l tri eao hon eude sdng Chit lupng ndi ehung ed;/ nghia quan trpng I I vay, chat Idpng gilo due ndi ridng eing ed y nghia quan trpng v i o bac n h l t bdi sin pham cua gilo due II ngudi Chit lupng khdng tu nhidn sinh ra, nd la k i t q u i cda sutic ddng hing loat y l u td ed lidn quan chat ehd vdi nhau, Mudn dat dUpc chit lupng mong mudn can phli quin It mdt d c h dung dan d c y l u td niy, hay ndi d c h khae, mdt td chdc can phli quan li chit Idpng (QLCL) eiia minh QLCL 11 hoat ddng g i n liln vdi q u i trinh sin xult td nhdng n i m trudc d c h mang cdng nghidp.Trong nhdng n i m gan day, QLCL dugc I p dung v i o gilo due dai hpc (GDDH) ydu clu g i l l quyet bai toan gida phat triln quy md vdi dam bio v i ning eao chit lupng giao due Ddi vdi Vidt Nam, QLCL GDDH la xu t h i t i t y l u eda ddi mdi quin If gilo due nhlm khae phue nhdng han che cd hdu eiia md hinh quin If gilo due mang ttnh chit hinh chfnh, bao elp K h l i nidm q u i n li chat Itfcfng Theo t i c g i l A Feingenbaum, QLCL " l i mdt hd thdng hoat ddng thdng nhat ed hidu q u i cua nhdng bd phan khic mdt td ehde, ehju trich nhidm triln khai nhdng tham sd chit lupng, tri v i ning cao nd de d i m b i o sin xult va tidu dimg mdt eleh kinh t l nhlt, thda man nhu elu eua t i l u dung* [dan theo 1] Tic g i l Kaoru Ishikawa djnh nghia "QLCL II hd thdng d c bidn phip tao dieu kidn sin xuat kinh te nhlt nhdng sin pham hole nhdng djch vu cd chat lupng thda m l n ydu elu ctia ngUdi tidu dung*[dan theo 1] chinh sleh, mue tidu v i trich nhidm v i thifc hien chiing bang phuang tidn nhu lap ke hoaeh v l chit lupng, kilm tra chit lupng, d i m bio chit lifpng va cli thidn chit lupng he thdng chit Idpng" Theo Waren Piper, quin It chit Idpng ddi hdi sU cam kit eli t i l n lien tue, tifu trung bao gdm hoat dpng: Xle lap d c mue tidu v i chuan mife; danh gia thife trang ddi chieu vdi chuan; eli tiln thue trang theo chuln [4], Ba hoat ddng niy dupe t i l n hinh ddng thdi, lidn tuc chlnh l i hoat dpng QLCL Nhd vay, QLCL Id thudt ngd dugc sd dung di miiu td ede phuang phdp hode quy trinh nhdm kiem tra, ddnh gid xem cdc sdn phdm cd ddm bdo cdc thdng sd ehdt lUgng theo yiu edu, muc dieh da dinh san QLCL Id qudn li theo chudn bao gom hogt ddng duge tien hdnh ddng thdi, liin tuc: Xde lap ede muc tiiu vd chudn mtfc, ddnh gid thUc trgng ddi chiiu vdi chudn, edi tiin thUe trgng theo chuan Ddng thdi, QLCL Id trdeh nhiim cda mgi thdnh viin to chUe, song trUdc hit phdi duge cap idnh dgo cao nhdt nhdn thde'ddy dCi vd triin khai ddng bd Cac nguyen tac cda q u i n li chat Itftfng QLCL l i mdt linh vifc quin If ed nhdng die thil ridng, Nd ddi hdi phli thde hidn d c nguyen tic chd y l u sau: - QLCL phdi duge dinh hudng bdi khdeh hdng Khach hing l i ngudi chip nhan va tidu thu sin pham, Vi vay, QLCL phli hddng tdi khach hang v l nham dap dng tdt nhat nhu cau eda khich hing, Cae hoat ddng d i l u tra, nghidn edu thj trUdng, xay difng v i thdc hidn chfnh sleh chat lupng, thilt k l san phlm, sin xult, kiem tra,,, d i u phli lay vide phuc vu, d i p dng tdt nhat nhu elu eiia khach hing l i m mue tieu - Coi trgng ngudi QLCL Con ngddi gid vj tri quan trpng hang d i u qua trinh hinh thinh, d i m bio, ning eao chit lupng sin phlm Theo ISO 8042:1994, QLCL l i ' T l t c l nhdng hoat Vi vay, edng tie QLCL can I p dung d c bidn ddng cd chdc nang quin It chung nhlm xlc djnh phip v l phuang p h i p thieh hpp d l huy dpng •KHOA HQC GlAO DVC NGHIEN CUU c a h i t ngudn luc, t i i n i n g eon ngUdi d mpi d p , mpi nginh v i o vide d i m b i o v l ning eao chat lupng - QLCL phdi dugc thuc hiin todn diin vd ddng bd Chit lupng sin pham_ 11 k i t q u i tdng hpp eua d c hoat ddng nhu nghidn edu nhu elu eua khich hing, xay dung chtnh sleh chit lupng, t h i l t kl, thue hidn, k i l m tra, g i i m sit Nd eung 11 k i t q u i ciia nhdng cd ging, nd life ehung cua nhdng ngudi quin If eung nhd nhdng ngudi true t i l p sin x u l t Do vay, ddi hdi p h l i d i m b i o tinh t o i n didn v l Slf ddng bd d c hoat ddng lidn quan d i n d i m bio v l ning cao c h i t lupng - QLCL phdi thifc hiin dong thdi vdi edeyiu cdu ddm bdo vd cdi tiin ehdt lugng D i m bio v i eli t i l n chit lupng I I sU phit t r i l n lidn tue, khdng ngdng cua edng tic QLCL D i m b i o c h i t Idpng bao h i m vide tri v i eli t i l n d4 dip dng nhu elu eua khich hang Cli t i l n chat lupng bao h i m vide d i m bio chit lupng v l ning cao hieu q u i , hidu suit cda chit lupng nham thda m l n tdt hon nhu clu eua khich hing Mudn tdn tai va p h i t triln, td ehde phli d i m b i o chit Idpng v i d i t i l n c h i t lupng khdng ngdng - QLCL theo qud trinh Cd nhilu q u i trinh dien nhilu linh vifc hole ehde ning eiia motto chdc, Nhdng q u i trinh niy cd lidn quan vdi nhau, d i u v i o cda q u i trinh n i y l i dau ciia q u i trinh trUdc dd, QLCL theo q u i trinh la d c h quin II chd trpng d i n mpi khiu lidn quan den vide hinh t h i n h chit lupng n h l m phdng ngda, ngin chin kjp thdi ele nguydn nhan gay chat lupng kdm, giim d i n g k l ehi pht k i l m tra v i sai sdt khiu kilm tra cung nhu p h i t huy ndi life cOa don vi - Nguyin tde kiem tra Kilm tra I I khiu r l t quan trpng b i t k) hd thdng quin li nio Trong QLCL, kilm tra n h l m mue dteh p h i t hidn v l dilu chtnh kip thdi d c sai Ideh qua trinh, tim nguydn nhan cua sai Ideh, d4 x u l t d c bidn p h i p khic phuc v l phdng ngda d l d i m bio v i ning cao c h i t lupng sin p h l m ngiy cing hoan thidn hon, d i p dng tdi da nhu cau cda khach hing CIc cKp quin if chat ItfOng Qui trinh p h i t triln eda q u i n It ndi ehung di td md hinh hinh chtnh tap trung (mpi vide dupc k i l m tra, k i l m soit) d i n d e hinh thdc phi tap trung hon (thdng qua d c quy trinh, eo c h l chiu trich nhidm n h l t dinh) QLCL eung p h i t t r l l n cung q u i trinh t d giai doan trpng t i m l i kiim sodt chdt lugng sang ddm bdo chdt lugng va QLCL tong thi 03 d p dp QLCL vda ndu ed mdi lidn he chat ehd vdi Kiim sodt chdt lugng bao gdm vide kilm tra v i loai bd d e pham hay sin pham cudi ciing khdng thda mln d c tidu chuan d l d l trUde do.' Day la q u i trinh dien sau eung cua q u i trinh sin xult, Nd gly sU lang phf Idn vi phli loai bd ele sin pham khdng dat ydu elu Ddm bdo ehdt lugng la qua trinh xiy trude v l thifc hidn Mdi quan t i m cda nd l i phdng, chdng nhdng sai pham cd t h i xiy td bude dau tidn Chit Idpng eua sin phlm dugc t h i l t k l q u i trinh sin xult nd td khiu d i u d i n khiu eudi theo nhdng tidu chuln nghidm ngat d i m bio khdng cd sai pham b i t ki khau nio D i m bio chit lUpng ed sU phdi hop gida ngudi quin It v i ngUdi thda hinh, gida d p trdn v i elp dddi Khae vdi kilm soltehit Idpng 11 din edng doan cudi cung mdi kilm tra, danh gia, d i m bio chit lupng phdng ngda sai sdt bing nhdng quy djnh, quy ehl nhat djnh td liic diu tidn; d i m bio eho khdng ed p h i pham ndn trach nhidm d i m bio chit lupng II eiia chfnh ngddi lao ddng bing deh tuan thil d c quy trinh ddpc d l t td diu Dim bio chit lupng bao gdm c l kiem soit chat lupng QLCL la t r i l t It q u i n It dd t i t c l mpi ngUdi td chdc, du d bat ed cUong vj nao, thdi d i l m nio cung d i u l i ngUdi QLCL eda phan vide minh dugc glao v i hoin tdt nhlt nham thda man nhu elu cOa khach hing QLCL tdng t h i la hinh thdc tuong tif nhu dam b i o chit lupng v l md hinh hoat ddng Tuy nhidn, QLCL tdng t h i quan t i m nhieu hon d i n d e y l u td: D i p dng ydu cau, thj hieu khach hang dupe eoi l i muc tidu hing d i u ; xay di/ng v l phit trien n i n v i n hda chit Idpng td chdc; cam k i t thdng tin ddpc edng bd rdng rai; thay ddi v i n hda chit lupng thdng qua l i m vide theo dpi QLCL tdng t h i l i sU md rpng cila d i m b i o c h i t lupng Mdi quan he gida 03 elp dp eda QLCL II r l t m i m ddo D i m b i o chit luong l i sU md rdng pham vi QLCL eho nhdng ngddi thda hinh Oilu niy khdng ed nghia la kilm soat chit lupng bien mit nhilu khiu, kilm soit chit lupng van ed mat mdi trudng d i m b i o chat lupng QLCL tdng t h i cd mdi quan hd chat chd vdi d i m b i o chit lupng, tiep tuc v l phat trien dam b i o chat sil 71 niiM3l7»M • 19 c a NGHi£N CUU lupng Ndi d e h khic, QLCL tdng t h i la sif tiep tue cda d i m bio chit Idpng theo chilu slu Q u i n li chat Itftfng giao due dai hpc v l van dung vao thtfc tien Viet Nam Trong gilo due, ngudi ta cing ehu trpng d i n chat lupng, bdi Id chit lupng g i n llln vdi loi fch eda ngudi hpe v i xa hpi Khdng chat lupng, kdm chit lupng ddng nghia vdi sif t h i t bai, vdi sif Ilng phf gllo due Chtnh vi vay, chit lupng v l QLCL gilo due, die biet l i QLCL GDDH nhan dupe Slf quan t i m cua t o i n x l hdi QLCL ed ngudn gde td sin xuat v i ddpc I p dung v i o GDOH van di chit lupng GDDH c i n dupe q u i n li, Tuy dua trdn n i n t i n g It thuylt ehung cda QLCL nhung QLCL GDDH ed nhdng die trung n h l t djnh v i bdi d n h eda GDDH Vidt Nam, li thuylt QLCL mdi ddpc nghidn cdu v i I p dung nhdng n i m gan dly, cdng t i c QLCL GDOH d Vidt Nam ed nhdng khd khin v i die thu ridng, ThU nhdt, QLCL II quin It theo chuan, Oilu niy ddi hdi d c trUdng DH edng bd chuan dau ciia sin pham/chuong trinh d i o tao cua n h i trudng Trong xu t h i hdi nhap v i phit triln hidn nay, ele chuln chuong trinh d i o tao dupe d e trudng OH xiy dung bdn eanh vide difa trdn sd mang, muc tidu ciia n h i trudng v i ciia nginh hpc, ein luu y d i n nhu cau cua xa hpi v i t i l n dan dat chuln mifceuakhu vifc v i t h i gidi Hon nda, quin li theo chuan sd khie phue dupc han ehl ed hdu ciia md hinh quin It hinh chfnh theo che dp cht huy, bao elp Odi vdi GDDH Vidt Nam d i l u ed ^ nghia h i t sdc quan trpng, bdi Id nhilu trudng OH ehda edng bd chuan d i u cua ele nginh d i o tao hole ele chuln muc dd ehda dap dng dugc d c cht sd CO b i n chuln d i o tao ciia n h i trudng Chtnh vl vay h l u h i t ele trudng DH nhin nhan k h i mo hd v l c h i t Idpng d i o tao eiia don vj bdi k i t q u i hpe tap eda sinh vidn l i can cd de d e trudng d i n h gia c h i t Idpng sin pham dao tao, van d l kiem tra, d i n h g i l k i t q u i hpe tap ciia sinh vidn hidn cdn g l y nhilu tranh eli Bdn eanh do, sinh vidn khdng cd co sd ddi sanh d l b i l t dupc ning life cua b i n than sau hoin t h i n h khda hpc/mdn hpc Mat khic, de q u i n It dupc c h i t lupng GDDH d Vidt Nam, can chuyin ddi md hinh q u i n It g i l o due t d c h l dp chl huy, bao elp sang md hinh QLCL theo d c •KHOAHQCGlAODVC tidu chuan duoc lupng hda, Thdhai, can xlc djnh rd d p dp QLCL phd hpp vdi n i n GDBH cda qudc gia Tuy e l cap dp QLCL d i u nham d i m b i o sin pham eua d e co sd GDDH d i p dng d c chuan mue n h l t djnh ve chat lupng, nhung vide lua chpn v i ap dung cap dp nio lai phu thupc v i o nhan thdc v i n i n t i n g QLCL GDBH cua dat nudc, Trong bdi d n h van d l GDBH d ndde ta cdn kha mdi md v i thue te g i n 30 nam chung ta chUa thue sif quan If ddpc chit lupng GDBH nhu Bio d o ve Su p h i t t r i l n eua he thdng GDBH, eac g i l l phip d i m b i o v l ning cao chit lUpng dao tao cua Bd GD & BT trinh Qude hpi da ndu, dim bio chit lupng l i d p dp QLCL phii hpp nhlt vdi dilu kidn GDBH nUdeta hidn Khang djnh trdn hoan toan thdng n h l t vdi nhan djnh eua Bd GD & BT dugc ndu Be I n Xiy difng va phit triln hd thdng Kilm djnh c h i t lUpng gilo due ddi vdi GDBH v i trung elp chuyen nghidp giai doan 2011 - 2020: "Trong g i n 10 n i m qua, thife t l giao due nudc da chdng minh rang: D i m bio chat lupng la md hinh thfch hpp d l QLCL gilo due", Trdn co sd xlc dinh d p dp QLCL la d i m bio chat lupng, sd d l d e g i l l p h i p eu t h i nham dio bio v i ning eao chit lUpng, Thd ba, QLCL trudng OH l i quan li t i t cl d c linh vifc, t i l u linh vife d i n tdng edng vide eu t h i nham tao ndn c h i t Idpng tdng t h i ciia nhi trudng Chit lupng cht dupe tao lap v i tri v i cht t i t c l mpi vidn trUdng td gilc thifc hidn, hoin va d i m b i o chat lUpng edng vide dupe giao Mudn vay, d c trudng BH c i n thay ddi nhan thde v l chit Idpng van hda bdn d e trudng OH Trdn thife te, da phin dpi ngu d n bd, gilng vidn d e trudng DH d Viet Nam eho ring chat lupng ciia n h i trudng la trich nhidm eda dpi ngii ein bd lanh dao Dilu niy dan d i n hd qui l i v i n d l chat lupng ehi ddng lai d elp lanh dao v i gap nhilu khd khan triln khai d i n dpi ngu d n bd, gilng vidn Vi vay, thdng qua d c budi sinh hoat, tpa d i m , bang v i n b i n hanh chtnh cac trudng DH c i n phd biln, q u i n tridt v i n d l chat lupng va d e khai nidm lidn quan den t o i n t h i can bp, gilng vidn, d l td dd hp tteh cue, t d gilc hoin edng vide dupc giao v i nhan thdc d i m bio chit lupng eua n h i trddng chfnh l i trich nhidm cua b i n t h i n mdi c i n bd, gilng vidn NGHIEN ThCttU, t h i l t l i p d c thu tue, quy trinh quin It CIc trudng DH da phan quin li n h i trudng theo k l hoach Phuong thde quin It truyin thdng niy khdng edn thue su phu hpp vdi bdi d n h hidn nay, d c trudng OH khu vUc v i trdn t h i gidi dan t i l n d i n vide edng nhan bang dp/chuong trinh d i o tao lan nhau, O l thue hidn QLCL, ele trddng OH nhat t h i l t phli xay dung d c thil tue, quy trinh v i thife hidn q u i n li theo d e thd tue, quy trinh do, Trdn eo sd phin tfch d p dp QLCL phu hpp vdi hoin d n h d c trudng DH d Vidt Nam hidn nay, ele trudng DH ein t h i l t lap d e thu tuc, quy trinh (cing nhilu eing tdt) ddi vdi d c linh vifc, t i l u ITnh vdc, cdng vide eu t h i Nhd vay chit Idpng eua nha trudng sd dupc d i m b i o bdi d i m b i o chat lupng la phuong thde QLCL thdng qua thifc hidn d e thd tuc, quy trinh d tat e l d e linh vife, t i l u ITnh vuc d i n tdng edng vide eu t h i eua n h i trudng Thd ndm, gilo due dUgc xem l i djch vu die bidt, vi v i y gilo due cung ed "khich hang" Xle djnh "khich hing" l i v i n d4 quan trpng QLCL GDOH, die bidt xu t h i eanh tranh nhu hidn Bdn eanh dd, can t i l n hinh d i n h g i l san phlm d i o tao thdng qua "khach hing" l i m co sd cho vide eli t i l n v i t i l n hanh c l i tien ele quy trinh thue hidn nhlm d i m b i o v i ning eao sin pham dio tao cCia n h i trudng d Vidt Nam, dii van cdn nhilu tranh c l i v l v i n d l kinh t l gilo due nhdng nhdng nam gan dly GDOH ddpc xem l i djch vu d i e biet Do viy, xle djnh "khich h i n g " l i vide l i m thiet thue de d c trUdng OH quan t i m v i n d4 thda m l n nhu d u cua "khach hing", Odi vdi giao due, khich hing dupe h i l u theo nghTa rpng, n h l t l i nhdng ngudi sd dijng sin pham g i l o diJc Nhd viy, ed "khich hing" bdn ngoai v i "khach h i n g " bdn djch vu "Khich h i n g " ben ngoii cua trudng DH 11 n h i t u y i n dung; phu huynh sinh vidn; sinh vidn tdt nghidp "Khach h i n g " bdn (khieh h i n g npi bd) ed t h i dupe h i l u l i mdi quan hd qua lai gida gilng vidn vdi sinh vidn thdng qua q u i trinh day hpc, Thd sdu, 64 day manh ele hoat ddng QLCL, ein ed don vj ehuydn trach d i m nhiem t r i l n khai ele hoat ddng v l d i m b i o c h i t lupng GDOH CIc trudng OH can quan t i m d i n d i o tao chuydn mdn cho ele d n bd l l m edng tac d i m b i o c h i t lupng cuuca CIc trudng DH d Vidt Nam theo yeu clu cua Bp GDSiDT can cd td ehde dam bao chat lupng GDDH, bao gdm trung tam hole bd phan chuydn trach; ed dpi ngu d n bp ed nang luc 64 triln khai ele hoat dpng danh g i l nham tri, nang eao chat lupng d e hoat dpng eiia n h i trudng Cae trudng d n cd hole gdi d c can bp tham gia ele khda hpe tap chfnh quy hole ele dpt tap huln v l ngoii nUde v l cdng tie d i m bio chat lupng, Bdn canh dd, n h i trUdng can tao dilu kidn thuan Ipi, Uu dai (giim gid day, khen thddng hpp If,,,) nhlm ddng vidn d e d n bd lam cdng tie dam b i o chit lupng Ket luan QLCL la hoat dpng gan lien vdi qua trinh sin xult, bao gdm d e phuong phip hole quy trinh nhlm kilm tra, danh gia xem d e sin pham cd d i m bio cae thong sd chat Idpng theo yeu cau, muc dich da djnh san khdng Trong nhdng nam gan day, QLCL dan ddpc ap dung vio GDOH ydu eau giai quyet bii toan gida nhu elu hpc DH eua nhan dan ngiy eing tang vdi vide dam bao chat lupng sin pham dao tao TAI Lieu THAM K H A O Vu Qudc Binh (2003), Qudn li chdt lUgng todn diin, NXB DHQG H i Ndi, Ha Npi 2, Nguyen Ode Chfnh (2008), Ddnh gid chdt lugng gido due, Khoa Su pham, OHQG Hi Ndi, 3, Nguyen Dinh Phan (2005), Gido trinh qudn li chdt lugng cdc to ehde, NXB Lao ddng - Xa hdi H i Ndi, 4, Warren Piper, D, (1993), Quality Management in (Jniversities, Canberra: AGPS SUMMARY The quality is always the first concern of the society because it is the human's motivation to continually rise and develop For the higher education quality as leverage to promote the development of a country, and a source of investment brings the greatest benefit for each individual Trends in integration, development and competitiveness, ensuring and improving the quality of education is the task of universities in the world Therefore, universities are interested in investing for management of the quality of the school S678-THANG3/2012*31 ... Idpng theo chilu slu Q u i n li chat Itftfng giao due dai hpc v l van dung vao thtfc tien Viet Nam Trong gilo due, ngudi ta cing ehu trpng d i n chat lupng, bdi Id chit lupng g i n llln vdi loi... trung n h l t djnh v i bdi d n h eda GDDH Vidt Nam, li thuylt QLCL mdi ddpc nghidn cdu v i I p dung nhdng n i m gan dly, cdng t i c QLCL GDOH d Vidt Nam ed nhdng khd khin v i die thu ridng, ThU... v i o nhan thdc v i n i n t i n g QLCL GDBH cua dat nudc, Trong bdi d n h van d l GDBH d ndde ta cdn kha mdi md v i thue te g i n 30 nam chung ta chUa thue sif quan If ddpc chit lupng GDBH nhu