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NGHIEN CLTU & LTNG DUNG REN LUYEN CAC THAO TAC LAP LUAN TRONG Gid HOC TIENG VIET 6 TRUdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG ThS Ph^m Kî u Anh Thr&ng Dgi hgc Swphgm Hd Ngi 2 Trong chuong trinh NgO van THPT hien hdn[.]
NGHIEN CLTU & LTNG DUNG REN LUYEN CAC THAO TAC LAP LUAN TRONG Gid HOC TIENG VIET TRUdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG ThS Ph^m Ki^u Anh Thr&ng Dgi hgc Swphgm Hd Ngi T rong chuong trinh NgO: rieng re, ^ cdc mon hgc khdc mfln hgc giiip rdn luypn tu van THPT hien hdnh, nham ddp ung nhung tong hgp cho HS, qua dfi giiip Ldm van Id mpt bfl phgn muc tieu, muc dich yeu cdu cu cdc em trd nhflng cflng khfing the tach rdi ciia ehuang the khdc dan ed trach nhipm, cd ndng trinh Ngft Van Lam vdn la Cling bdn vd tich hgp, cdc lyc, cd y thiic ty lap, sdng tgo phdn thye hien nhi^m vy giiip nhd nghien cuu Do Nggc Van dyng tot quan diem hpc sinh (HS) biet edch sdn Thong vaNguydn Thanh Himg ndy dgy hpc Ngu' vdn sinh cac kieu vdn ban, hinh lai cd ciing quan diem vd tich nfii chung, Ldm vdn nfii rieng, nhihig ky n^ng ehuyey: hgp: "Tich hgp Id tinh thdn ba GV cd dieu kipn md rpng vd hieu vdn dd vd didn dgt vdn dd phdn mon hgp nhat, hoa trgn phdt trien tot von tri thiie ciia nipt each tot nhdt Tuy nhien, nhau, hgc cdi ndy thong ede em Dgy hpc Ngfl" vdn theo dd dat dugc sii mpnh ay, vipc qua hgc^ cdi vd ngiegc lgi quan diem ndy, GV khfing ehi dgy hgc Ldm vdn mpt m§t Nhu the se trdnh dugc nhihig huy dpng nhiing tri thiic ciia phdi tuan theo nhimg yeu cdu vudng mac du thiia chong timg bp phdn mfit each rdi rac vd dac trung cua tri thiic Ldm cheo ngi dung qud trinh md phdi thyp sy tim cdeh giup van, mat khdc, nd phai tuan dgy Vdn Tieng Viet vd Ldm HS nhdn thay moi lien he ve theo nhihig quy dinh ve quan vdn nhu trudc day" kien thiic giiia cac bp phap, didm bien soan ehuang trinh Nhu vgy, cimg ban ve tich tii ede em biet xdu chufii, quan didm tich hgp Ren luyen hgp song cdc nhd khoa hpc he thdng cdc tri thiic do, van cac thap tac lap luan gid da cd nhung quan diem khdc dyng vdo thye tl cupc song hgc Tieng Viet thuc chat la Tuy nhien, cho den nay, cua chinh bdn than cdc em.Va mpt hinh thiic day hoc Ldm tich hgp, da duge xdc dinh Id chinh nhung tri thiic dy se la van theo diing quan diem tich quan diem chi dgo cdeh xay nen tang dd cac em ed the ty hgp dyng chuong trinh, chi dao chu, vfing tin the hidn nhung hieu bidt, ky nang ciia minh V^n dh tich hyp ngi dung va phucmg phdp dgy vdo cac cfing vide, ede hoat hge mfin Ngii van Tich hgp day hpc dgng cy the cuge song "Chuong trinh du thao giang day ndi chung va Vdi qud trinh dgy hgc Ngfl' vdn mon Ngtr van d tnidng THPT gidng dgy Ngy van ndi ndi chung, dgy cac phdn mfin 2002" eiia Bfi GD&DT quan rieng se giiip HS hpc tap thong ndi rieng, GV cd the tan dyng nidm tich hgp la sy phoi hgp minh, van dung sang tao kien nhung hinh thiic tich hgp nhu cdc tri thiic gdn giii co lidn thiic, ky nang vd phuang phap tich hop dgc (he thdng kidn quan, quan he mdt thiet vdi ciia khfii lugng tri thiie toan thiic mfit phdn mfln, mfii diuc tiln dd chiing dien, hdi,hda va hgp ly trpng quan he gifl-a cac dan vi kidn bfi sung hd trg va tde dpng vdo gidi quyet nhiing tinh hufing thiic eii vd kien thiie mdi), tich nhau, phoi hgp vao nham mdi me, phiic tgp ddi hyp ngang (tich hgp kiln thuc tao nen mpt kdt qua tfing hpp song hidn dgi gifi:a cac phan mdn) vd tich nhanh ehdng vd vflng chac Day hpc theo quaii diem hgp md rpng (giu'a cdc kiln Theo quan ,nidm do, bdn tich hgp giiip HS cfi didu kipn thiic bai hpc Ngu van vd quan diem tich hgp de phat trien tri thiic, ky nang vdi kien ihiic cua cdc bp mon vide bidn soan SGK N ^ vdn tflt Theo quan diem tich hgp KHTN- KHXH va cac nganh THCS, GS Nguydn Khdc Phi cdc qud trinh hoc t§p khong khoa hpe nghp thudt khdc vd cho ring: Tich hpp Id^ mgt tdch rdi cupc sdng hdng ngdy vdi kidn thiie ddi sfing ma cac phuang hu&ng nham phoi hgp md dugc tien hanh tron^ moi em da tich liiy dugc tir cpng tri thuc mgt each toi mi cdc lien he vdi cac tinh huong cy dflng, qua dd lam gidu thdm qud trinh hgc tgp mgt cdeh thl Xu hudng tich hgp cdc Ngay nh4n bai 20/9/2012; Ngay duy4t dang 25/11/2012 TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 88-12/2012 • Ill NGHIEN CIAJ & L/NG DUNG ddnh gi$c Nguyen Ai Quflc dd diing nhflng ly Id vd dan chiing danh thdp phai bdy da tdm xdm luge cua ke thu, gidi thich thuylt phyc mgi ngudi tham gia ddnh gi^e ciiu nudc Gigng vdn hiing hfln, danh thdp cd siic truyen cdm m^nh md Cung tir dd, GV cd thl nit cho HS nhan thiic v l ngfin ngfl" chfnh lugn: suy din cung ngfin ng& dugc sir dyng cdc vdn bdn chinh l u ^ , thuc chdt Id mgt hlnh thiic thd hien edch lgp lugn thye hien hogt dgng nghi ^ lugn, chi co dieu npi dung dfii tugng dugc Rdn luyfn cdc thao nghj lugn ehinh Id cdc van de tdc lap luan t r o n g gid hpc Tieng Vipt thugc ve chinh tri, xd hfii Npi nhu vgy cung eo the nhgn thay 2.] Ditng nhiing tri thiic chmh lugn la mfit hai cua Tieng Viet de ldm ro dgc tnmg ve lap lugn van kieu bai ca ban eita vdn nghi bdn nghj ludn Chang hgn: tugn - kidu bai nghi ludn xd Khi day hgc bdi "Phong each hgi ngon ngfl' chinh luan", GV cd Nhu vgy, day hgc Tieng the tich hgp vdi bdi 'Thao tdc Vipt, GV can cii nfii dung kien lap ludn binh lugn".,CJ dd, GV thiic de tii dd phfli hgp ren CO the van dung kien thiic ve luyen va cung co them nhfing gigng didu ngon ngu trorig tri thiic vd cdc TTLL V^ van bdn chinh lugn dd tim hieu phfli hgp nhu vgy khflng chi cdeh lap ludn ngu* lieu giup HS nam vflng d$c tnmg "Lqi keu gpi toan quoc k h ^ g ciia nhung npi dung tri thiic chien" de Idm rd ve quan diem Tieng Viet can trang bi cho tu tudng ma tdc gid mufln bdy HS ma giiip cdc em hieu td doan trich de lam rfl sau han ve d^c tnmg each dgc tnmg ve edch su dyng tir sii dyng cdc don vi kidn thuc ngu van bdn ehinh lugn ngon ngfl" ay vao dien dgt Vi dy: chp phii hgp vdi phuang thiic GV: Hay cho biet quan bieu dgt diem, tu tudng dugc bdy to Vdn sir dung TTLL binh 2.2 ^Didng nhihig iri thuc dogn trich Id gi? Quan lugn, nhung a lai binh ludn cua Tieng Viet de hucmg dart diem tu tudng dugc trien ndy Bdc dd the hi^n ro lap HS each su dung tir ngir cho khai nhu the nag bdi Iru&ng^ quan diern ciia bdn phu hgp v&i dgc trung the viet? Cdm nhgn ve gigng dieu, thdn doi v&i thuc te xd hgi Vi^t hi4n cda timg TTLL trqng cdu vdn? Nam duong ih&i vd tir tang vdn bdn nghi lugn Chdng HS: The hi^n ro lap trudng siec thuyet phuc cho l&i keu hgn, day TTLL bdc bo, ^ chinh nghia cua cuoc khdng ggiGV cd thd hudng dan cde em chidn, thai dut khodt vdi Ldi ban lugn the hipn ro tim nhimg dau hipu cua thuc ddn ^ Phdp, keu ggi cd lap trudng chinh nghta cua l$p lugn bdc bd qua cdeh sit nudc quyet tdm ddnh gigc cuflc khang chidn, thai dyng nhiing tii ngO" phii dinh ~ Diing ly le, ddn chung di durt khodt vdi thye ddii Phap (khong, khflng thl, ) hay phai bdy dd tdm xdm luge ciia kdu gpi ca nudc quydt tam cdeh tgo cau cfi chda cdc cau von hieu biet vd phdt trien nhan each HS) Khi rdn luypn cdc TTLL cho HSPT, GV cd the vgn dyng tiph hgp nhu mpt bipn phdp dd cung cd va khdc sdu cac ky ndng sir dyng ngon ngfl khj lgp lugn cho HS Ciing vi the, vipc vgn dyng bipn phdp gido dye tren khdng chi dugc thye hipn gid dgy Ldm vdn md nd cdn cd the thye hipn GV hudng dan HS tiep cgn cdc tri thiic ve ngon ngfl-, v l lgp l u ^ vd didn dgt cac gid hpc Tilng Vipt ke thu - Gidi thich, thuyet phuc mgi ngudi cung tham gia ddnh gigc CUU nu&c mgt each xdc ddng, chgt che GV: V&i gigng di^u hon ay, tdc gid Nguyen Ai Quoc da neu nhiing l&i bdn lugn nhu the ndo? HS: Nguyen Ai Quoc da neu nhihig l&i bdn lugn: + "Chung ta mudn hoa binh, chung ta phdi nhdn nhugng Nhung chiing la cdng nhdn nhugng thuc ddn Phdp cdng lan t&i, vi chung quyet tdm cu&p nu&c ta Idn nira " Nhu vdy, Bdc da sic dung nhirng l&i blnh ciia TTLL binh ludn de ddnh gid ve da tdm cua thuc ddn Phdp vd Idm tdng them sire thuyet phuc cho vdn bdn + "Chung ta phdi dimg len! Bdt ky ddn ong, ddn bd, bdt ky ngu&i gid, ngu&i tre, khong phdn chia ton gido, ddng phdi, ddn toe He Id nguoi Viet Nam thi phdi dung len ddnh Phdp de ciru To quoc Ai CO sung diing sung, CO guam diing guam, khong CO sung guam thi diing cuoc, thudng gdy ggc Ai ciing phdi sire chong th^ ddn Phdp de CUU nu&c Du phdi gian lao khdng chien, nhung v&i mgt long kien quyet^ hi sinh thdng lgi nhal dfnh ve ddn tgc la " • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DyC - SO 88 -12/2012 NGHIEN c i r u & LTNG DUNG tnic phu dinh (khflng khflng; khflng nhflng thl , khflng chi nhu vay ) Ta co the nhan thay each su dyng ngon ngii de bdc bo bdi "Lu|n ve ly thii van ehuang" De chi dugc sy sau sac tron^ v5n ehuang, tac gid Phan Kd Binh cd viet: " Tuy vgy, cdi thu van chuomg, khong phdi de md cUng hieu dugc, ngu&i nao ITnh hgi dugc thi m&i dugc hu&ng Nguai khong biel linh hgi, dii hay den ddu cUng khong biel Id hay, dii thu den ddu cUng khong biet Id ihu; md thuang nhimg cdu cua ngu&i dy cho Id hay la thd, thi lgi la nhimg cdu khong thu vi gi Con nhirng ngu&i ITnh hoi dugc, thi bdt cu cdu tinh dieu hay cdu tdm thuang, cdu vdn ego ki hay cdu vdn thien can, ldm tu nhiin nhdn cdu vdn md hgi dugc cdi thii rieng; co lgi hgi dugc & ngodi cdu vdn nira." Thong qua each lap luan nhu vay, qua nhung cdeh sii dyng tir ngu ed tinh phu dinh nhu vdy, tac gid da kheo leo ddn ngudi dgc di den mgt nhan thiic: Con nhimg nguai linh hgi dugc, thi bat cir cdu tinh dieu hay cdu tdm thu&ng, cdu vdn cao ki hay cdu vdn thien cgn, ldm tu nhien nhdn cdu van md hgi dugc cdi thu rieng; co lgi hgi dugc & ngodi cdu vdn niia Cd the ndi, qua nhung ngfllieu cu thd, GV cd the giiip cho HS nhan thdy ro cdeh the hien cdc TTLL cdc ngii lieu cy the _ Trong qua trinh hudng d ^ HS tiep can vdi nhung tri thuc cua Tidng Vidt, GV co thd thdng qua vi$c hudng d ^ HS phan tieh ngii lipu dk tim nhung cdeh thiie sir dyng va kdt hgp cdc dan vj ngon ngfl" thd hipn nhfl-ng thdi do, edm xiie cua moi nguoi Chdng hgn, hudng dan HS ve Gia gin su sdng ciia Tien^ Vt4t, GV cd the hudng dan HS thay each sii dung ngdn ngir de didn dgj, dom gian nhung cung rdt hdp dan, dpc dao: "Tren tr&i CO nhimg vi co dnh sdng khdc thu&ng, nhimg mat cua chiing la phdi chdm chii nhin thi m&i thgy, vd cdng nhin thi cdng thdy sdng Van tha cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu cUng vdy" (Phgm Vdn Dong) De nit nhgn djnh vd gia trj cua thg vdn Nguydn Dinh Chieu, Co Thii tudng Phgm Vdn Dfing da mugn hinh dnh cac vi tren bau trdi de so sdnh Khdng chgn hinh ddng hay dp dam nhat cua ngdi dugc nhin thay thye te ma tac gid da ehpn dnh sang cua nhung ngoi ay de lam yeu to so sdnh Sy hap ddn ciia ldi dien dat ay dugc tao tii viec sii dyng TTLL so sdnh nghj lugn Vd nhd cfi TTLL ay, tdc gid da dan dit ngudi doe di vdo tim hieu ve gid tri ciia ngfii Nguyen Dinh Chidu trdn bdu trdi van hpc nude nhd mpt bipn phdp nhdm khdc sau va cung CO nhflng tri thiic ve cde TTLL Cd the ndi, thong qua bipn phdp ndy, GVcd them nhieu dieu kipn de giiip HS hilu sau han, hieu diing han ve vai trd, ddc diem cung nhu cdc hinh thiic ea bdn, edeh thye hipn cdc TTLL vdn ban nghi lugn Dfi cung chfnh Id dudng de HS cd thl hinh thdnh vd ciing co them nhgn thiic cua bdn thdn vd mgt nhiing kidn thiic ky ndng quan trpng ciia vdn nghj l u ^ , tir dd cac em sd cd y thiic han van dyng nhiing kien thurc ky ndng vdo qud trinh tao lgp vdn bdn nghj lugn Tdi li^u tham khao Le A (chu bi6n), L6 Thj Thanh Ha, Le Thi Tam Hao, Nguyen Thj Hoa, Tran VSn Toan, Nguyen Quang Trung, NXB Giao dye Le A, , Ky ylu Hfii thdo khoa hoc toan quoc , tdp 1, tr.7276 (1996) Bg Giao due va Dao tao, Ngir vdn 11 (tap 1), NXB Giao due, H.2007 Bp Giao dye va Dao tao, Ngir van 11 (tap 2), NXB Giao due, H.2007 Bo Giao dye va Dao tgo, ^ Nhu vay cac^gid hpe Tieng Vipt, GV cd the hudng (t^p 1), NXB Giao dye, H.2007 dan cac em each sur dung tir Summary ngii gidi thieu, edch didn dgt Acts of Argument (AA) are tinh te, sang ma van dam bao diing myc dich gidi thuyet among the inportant content areas van de Tdn dyng tri thiie of the SoiiorHigh School Philology ngon ngu: tieng Viet nhu vay Syllabus However,flieteaching and se giiip cho cae em cd nhflng drilling of this content area at school dinh hudng diing ddn hon still have shorteomings As tar as the each diing tii, ^dat cdu, Integrative Approach is concemed, ndi vidt dgt chuan, dd ldi vdn we find it possible to have students eua cde em thuc sy sdng, drill acts of argument in the process of comprehending texts as well as in gay gpn, khiic chidt Vietoamese language lessons The Ket (u^n article is focused on the investigation Ren luyen cdc,TTLL of act-of-argument drills in gid hgc Tidng \^dt thuc chdt la TiKPCHITHIITBIGIAO DUC-sfi88-12/2012 • ... edch lgp lugn thye hien hogt dgng nghi ^ lugn, chi co dieu npi dung dfii tugng dugc Rdn luyfn cdc thao nghj lugn ehinh Id cdc van de tdc lap luan t r o n g gid hpc Tieng Vipt thugc ve chinh tri,... bdi "Phong each hgi ngon ngfl'' chinh luan", GV cd Nhu vgy, day hgc Tieng the tich hgp vdi bdi ''Thao tdc Vipt, GV can cii nfii dung kien lap ludn binh lugn".,CJ dd, GV thiic de tii dd phfli hgp... lap HS each su dung tir ngir cho khai nhu the nag bdi Iru&ng^ quan diern ciia bdn phu hgp v&i dgc trung the viet? Cdm nhgn ve gigng dieu, thdn doi v&i thuc te xd hgi Vi^t hi4n cda timg TTLL trqng