Ill NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG MQ H I N H DAY H D C T I C H H d P B L E N D E D LEARNING VA VAI T R D C U A N D T R D N G DAY H D C TS Trdn Huy Hodng DHSP DHHui NguySn Kim Ddo Thr&ng Boi dudng gido d{ic Q[.]
Ill NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG MQ H I N H DAY H D C T I C H H d P B L E N D E D LEARNING V A VAI T R D C U A N D T R D N G D A Y H D C TS Trdn Huy Hodng - DHSP - DHHui NguySn Kim Ddo - Thr&ng Boi dudng gido d{ic Q Binh Tdn - TPHCM ipn nay, nhflng gidi Mayes, Roberts (2003) dilu g6m tgp hgp phong phii cdc phdp hpc trdn mgng chinh tgo nen sy tfeh hgp d ba hlnh thiic hgc tgp vdi nhilu intemet dudi cdc hinh thiic nhu website, blog, HlnhthAtBL dang dan hinh thdnh, phdt triln TUy nhidn, tdt cd mdi chi dimg lgi d miic h6 trg ngudi hgc ty on luypn, ciing c6 kiln thiic, kilm tra ddnh gid (KTDG), luypn t§p cho cdc ky CUiBfnditeifc Gl*i dofn i l ; d|m|: CbUdofnUuUnl^; thi hay cung cdp kiln thiic chii Tich hfpvMtii; thn uin I , Tich bTpvMnU^vf tit 2| TkfabfpfMkfrik chua cfi mpt mo hinh mang •fete ihAc ttnh dgy hpc thye sy dp dyng nhd trudng phd thong •3 Vdi mfi hinh hpc tich hgp (Blended Learning - BL), gid Hinh Hinh thuc BL vai ba giai dogn hgc tgp lap di lap lgi hpc ly thuyet sinh dgng hem nhd cdc hieu img hinh dnh, giai dogn khdc theo hlnh cap dg khdc nhau, cy the: • Tich hgp &giai dogn khdi Tich hprp hpc OfRine v6t dfl hog, dogn video, cdc file hieu ling hinh anh hflfrgtfli niem Tich hgp d cdp dg Online: Day Id cap dg don da cho bdi gidng vd bidn nd xdy hinh thiic hoc tap gidn nhdt, qua trinh BL ket thdnh mgt phdn ciia ehuang tich hgp tmyen thflng de hgc d hgp cdc hinh thiic Offline vi trinh gidng day Tren ca sd cdc giai doan ban ddu Trorig giai Online, hgc tgp tryc tuyen khdi niem Alvarez, Tinio, doan ndy, HS dugc tiep thu day thudng cfi nghia Id "qua intemet ho§c intranefva hpc Dzakiria^ H.,,Mustafa, CS & kien thiic Tich hgp & giai dogn xdy Offline thudng dugc thiet Bakar de xuat va de phii hgp vdi moi trudng hge tgp, trinh dung Tfeh hgp d cap dg l^p mgt Idp hgc tmyln dg HS va khd nang CNTT & xdy hinh thiie hgc tap thong Tuy nhidn, vi^c hpc TT tgi cdc trudng thfing d tich hgp cde hogt dgpg hgc tap tgp offline duqrc quan ly thfing Vipt Nam, chiing tdi cho rdrig vdi hgc lipu thii cap Vi dy, qua mgt hp thflng hpc tgp tryc BL Id su kit hgp, bo sung ldn nhiem vy dya tren hogt dgng tuyen Mgt vi du cua logi hinh Trong giai doan nay, tfeh hgp bao gflm chuong giira hinh thitc dgy hgc mgng HS duprc tham gia vdo xay trinh hgc tgp, cung cdp cdc tren l&p truyen thong du&i dyng kien thiic mdi tdi lipu hpc tip va nghien ciiu sir hu&ng ddn ciia GV vd • Tich hgp & giai dogn doi nguon tdi nguydn tren Web, hinh thuc dgy hgc qua mgng dugc GV hufing thogi Tfeh hgp d giai doan e-Learningv&i tinh tugidc cua HS thdnh mgt the thong nhdt, ndy xdy cdc hinh thiire ddn, phuang tidn chinh cda cdc PPI)H dugc vgn hgc tfeh hgp vdi dii thogi cac bufli dao tao ldp hgc la dung mem deo de tan di^ng toi truydn thong vd dgy hgc tryc hudng dan Tfeh hyp ty hpc, h^c ticb da uu diim cua CNTT & TT tuydn d giai dogn cufii, vf dy, nhdm mang lgi hieu qud hgc thao lugn tryc tuyen va hgp cyc viti hyc hyp tac: Qua tac nhdm trinh Wf hgc thudng dfic l§p, tgp tot nhdt Cdc hinh thiic fren cdng theo ydu cau hgc tgp Mfl hinh BL cdng phdt triln han bao cdng cao dugc quan ly ho$c Tir md hinh cua Fowler vd H Ngdy nh^n bdi 25/9/2012; Ngdy duy$l ddng 25/11/2012 14 • TAP CHI T>1IETBI GIAO DUC-SO 88-12/2012 NGHIEN CUU & (SHG DUNG cyc (ldp hgc ho^c tryc tuydn) tryc tuyIn van giu" lgi QTDH cua ldp hgc truyin hogc vdi nfii dung tu;y bien Tich hyp hpc, thye hdnh, thdng md HS vd GV da quen vd tdi li^u hh t r y : Cd le hlnh thufic BL giiip cdi thipn mfli thiic t i t nhdt ciia BL hgc tdp quan h§ giiia cdc GV vd HS jtfch lu5' (tfl chiic trudc bdt Sy gia tdng thdi gian trao d^i ddu ldm nhi^m vy mdi) vdi tryc tilp mdt doi m?it ldp thye hanh (bdng cdeh sir dyng hpc so vdi hpc tryc tuydn, vdi quy trinh mo hinh mfl phdng khd ndng c^p nh^t nfii dung vd iihiem vy ho$c cfing vi§c) va cdc hogt dfing hpc tap nhanh tai lipu ho trg chi thye hien chong tao dieu kipn cho cde thdi gian cflng cy tgo thflng tin phdn hoi lap dieu kien thugn lgi thich hgp tiic din dugc vdi ngudi dgy eho vi^c thye hidn nhi^m vy, - BL tdng cuang khd nang cong vipc Cong cy, phuang tu hgc cho HS: Tgo khd ndng tien tien tidn cung cap mfli ty hpc vd ty nghien ciiu cho Tich hyp hoc cfi cdu true voi hpc khdng cfi cdu trudng khdng gian lam vipc HS tren rnoi trudng cd nhan tr6c:Kh6ng phai tat ca cdc dua tren may tinh lam viec, Vi cdc ddi tugng nhgn thiic hinh thiic hgc tap deu bao hgp tdc, va eac cong cu tai lipu dugc trinh bay mgt each todn dien, tflng the, day du_ vd ham mgt tinh toan trudc, cd hfi trg cau tnic, hogc ehuang trinh Vai tro ciia BL doi vdi nhanh chong nhd cac thiet bj hgc tap chinh thiic voi npi doi mdi p h u o n g phdp day da phuang tien va cac phdn mem Hon niia, thong qua sy dung dugc to chiic theo thii tu hpc cy the nhu cdc chuong - BL kich thich dugc hitng cflng tde nhdm, HS dugc ren SGK Trong thuc te, hdu het thu hgc tap cua HS: Vdi BL, luyen cdc ky nang giao tiep, hgc tap tai nai lam viec xdy gid hgc ly thuyet sinh dpng tao su ty tin vd manh dm trinh hinh thiic khong cd cau han nhd cdc hieu iing hmh nhirng y tuong, quan diem cua tnic thong qua cdc cupc hop, aiih, am ihanh, hoa, thi ca nhan HS dugc tham gia cugc hgi thogi haph lang, hogc nghiem do, thi nghiem mo mgt loat eae tucmg tac e-mail Mgt thiet ke ehuang phdng true tiep cua GV tren khdng gian vd thdi gian; tiep trinh tich hop cd the tich cyc may tfnh ma ky nang xa hfli can ngufln thflng tin, giao dye xem xet, nam bat cdc cugc cua HS ciing dugc nang cao va dich vy cgng dong va cac ddm thogi va van ban td hoat dang ke tfnh tucmg tdc cao kdt nfli ca nhan tao nen su dgng hpc tap phi cau tnic vdi giiia cdc vien ldp thugn lgi vd khd nang nam bat cac kho kien thiic cd sdn dya Ddy la mgt yeu tfl kich thich thflng tin nhanh chdng tren nhu cdu, hfl trg nhiing su hiing thii^ nang cao dgng Ben cgnh dd, BL tiet kidm ngudi tim kiem tri thiic cfing ca hpc tap, dflng thdi tang kha thdi gian (so vdi day hpe tde va lam viec » nang hgp tac vd lam vide cua truyen thflng) vd chi phf (so ' vdi hgc tryc tuydn) Tich hyp noi dung HS chinh vol npi dung co dinh: - BL cung cdp he thong vdn ddm bao hoan thdnh cac Ngi dung co djnh Iheo dinh thong tin phong phu, chinh nhidm vy hgc tap dua vdo tfnh linh hogt vide lap k l nghia chung, khflng lien quan xdc vd nhanh chong: den bfli canh vd yeu cau ciia Cdi thien sfl lugng vd chdt hogeh vd thdi gian bilu cho mflt to chiic, ca quan Tuy lugng cac thflng tin lien lac khod hgc tren ca sd phan phoi nliien, ngi dung chung la it giiia ngudi hgc vdi hogc cdc hinh thiic dgy hgc cdn ton kem de mua vd hidu qua ngudi hgc vd ngudi dgy qua bdng vd tfli uu hod chuong thudng xuyen cd gia tri cao cac hoat dgng thao lugii nhdm tiinh hgc tdp phat triln Hodn han ngi dung chinh Ngay tryc tuyen va mat doi mat todn hgc tryc tuyIn, ty hgc, nay, ngi dung ty hgc chung cd ldp hgc BL cung cap phugng tien truyin thong thd dugc chinh vdi mgt su nhung i)huong tien, tai lieu phong phii dya trdn nfli dung pha trpn mgt hoat dpng tich d l bat ddu khdm pha hgc tdp day hgc tren web cd the la qua kidm sodt bdi cac HS Mgt khac, ngy y ciia hgc tap hpp tac la ndng dgng hem giao tilp giiia cac HS de chia se kiln thiic Sy tich hgp giiia ty hpc va hgc hgp tac cd the bao gom xem xet lgi nhiing kien thirc quan trgng mgt tinh hudng mdi hogc ket qua mdi tiep theo la kiem duydt, tfeh cyc, tryc tuyen, giua ngudi hpc-ngudi hgc thdo lugn vd cac ling dyng ciia kien thiic vao cong vao va cugc song sau ciia ngudi hgc T4P CHI THIET B| GIAO DMC-SO 88-12/2012 • 15 NGHIEN c u l l & UNG DUNG ton kdm dl sdn xudt (ddi hdi nhilu nguon lyc vd ky ndng), nhung kit hgp hgp tdc vd cdc buoi dgy hgc truyin thong vdi cac hogt dgng ty hgc dgn gidn, chdng hgn nhu chung n0i dung hgc t§p, tai lipu nghien ciiu, cac hogt dgng hgc tgp dipn tir, bdi tgp vdn bdn, vd bdi thuyet trinh PowerPoint Thilt k l tien trlnh day hpc theo BL De trien khai dgy hge vdi BL mgt each hipu qud, ngudi dgy can phdi thiet kl md hinh BL vdi cde hogt dgng phii hgp Thiet kl mfi hinh BL phdi ddm bao sy chinh xdc, phii hgp vd hipu qua chung tfii de xuat quy trinh thiet ke bdi dgy hgc thong cau hdi vd nhi§m vy phii hgp; dilu kipn CNTT ciia nhd trudng nhu thl ndo Day Id giai dogn chudn bj, tgo tiln dl triln khai cdc giai dogn tilp theo b Tilp tyc vdi thilt kl mfi hlnh BL tgo cdc hogt dgne, h$ thong edu hdi hudng dan vd nhl^m vy phii hgp ciing vdi nh&ng PPDH dugc lya chgn mfit cdeh toi uu dk gidi quylt vdn dh hgc tgp thu nh^n tri thiic, rdn luy$n k9 ndng dya tren nhiing uu diem ciia dgy hgc truyen thdng F2F vd dgy hgc tryc tuyen e-Leaming Chdng hgn, dfii vdi nhflng bdi hgc vdt Iy cd thf nghlpm, cd the dung PPDH neu vd gidi quyet van dl, ho^c diing phuang phdp thye nghipm, PPDH nhdm, phieu hgc tgp ket hgp vdi sy ho trg cua CNTT trinh bdy hlnh anh, dm thanh, thi nghipm sinh dfing Mgt ehuang trinh day hgc hay sd Id can cii tot dd ddnh gid ket qua hgc tap c Sau da thilt kl dugc md hinh BL thich hgp, nghTa Id tgo dugc kjch bdn su Hmh Quy trinh xdy dung bdiphgm tren giay, ngudi day can \ky dyng n$i dung gidng day dgy hgc BL trdn mdy tinh vdi cdc module dugc thye hi^n theo nam giai hgp ly, rfi rdngj ddm bao tfnh dogn nhu hinh su phgm yd tham m^^ Ngudi a Qua trinh xay dyng bdi dgy cd thl xdy dyng BGDT dgy hgc BL bat dau vdi vide theo chuan SCORM vdi cdc phdn tich cdc van de hpc t^p phdn mem nhu eXe, Leetora, lien quan den ndi dung va myc dl cd thl de dang dua len hp tidu dgy hgc, hieu ro tdm ly va thdng qudn Iy hgc tgp - LMS trinh dp HS, xem xet cac tdi (chdng hgn Moodle) dd xay li§u cd lien quan vd khd nang dyng trudc dd ho trg cua CNTT Vi dy, d Thiet ke ede ehuang dgy mgt bdi hgc vat Iy ed thl diing thi nghidm hodc thi trinh BL mdi chi thdnh cflng mfit niia md sy thye hidn, ho nghiem md phdng; Cdn cii HS dang theo hgc chuomg trg ciia cdc phuong tipn ciing rat cdn thiet dl thdnh cong trinh nang cap hay chuomg trinh chuan de xay dyng he Ngudi dgy cdn dgy cho HS nhu thl ndo dh ty hgc; ddm 16 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 88-12/2012 bdo HS cd thl thdnh cfing bdng cdeh tgo dilu kipn thugn Igi, cung cdp cho hg cfing nghp vd hS trg ky thuat thfch hgp Khflng chi h u ^ g dSn HS hpc tfip tren ldp,_ngudi; dgy cung can hudng din cdc em edch ty hpc d nhd, vi dp giao bdi t^p, nhipm vy lien quan nhu ydu cau cdc em tim hilu ling dyng cua hipn tupng nhiem dipn thye tl, fim hilu nguydn nhdn gdy s^t ddi hdi cdc em phdi tim thong tin trdn internet, hodc trao doi vdi de hieu rfl vd nho k7 kien thiie cdc em yira hpc Trong glal dogn tien hdnh day_ hgc, mo hinh BL su dyng nhieu phuang phdp thu thap du lipu dieu tra, vf dy, bang eau hoi didu tra, phdng vdn, quan sdt, mire dg hodn thdnh nhipm vy dugc giao, kidm tra bdng trdc nghipm tryc tuyen e Giai dogn ddnh ^k lien quan den sy ddnh gid cfia mo hinh BL vira trien khai thfing qua vipc phan tich hp thing cdc du lipu thu thap Tir ket quid cung vdi sy trao dfli vdi HS va dong nghipp, dieu chinh vd cdi tidn mo^ hinh BL cho phd hgp nhdni dgt dugc hieu qua dgy hgc tot han Phan tfeh, thilt kl, xdy dyng, thye hipn vd ddnh gid phy thdgc lan va cd tdc dpng qua lgi Thye hidn sy cai tidn lidn tyc mfl hinh BL thflng qua sy thii nghipm vdi cac quy trinh xay dyng bdi dgy hpc BL tiep theo, noi md nhung thilu sdt mfli quy tiinh dupc xae djnh dl tai thilt kl, thye hien, vd thdm dinh lgi Kit lu$n Chfing tfli ^ vgn dyng quy trinh va xay dyng cdc tidn trinh day hpc chuong dipn tich dipn trudng vat 1^ ldp 11 Qua thye nghi$m su phgm NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG tgi trudng THPT Dang Trdn Cdn - Hue, cho thay viec to chiic day hgc theo mo hinh BL da mang lai hieu qua cho qua trinh day hgc, gdp phan doi mdi PPDH hien nay, tang cudng sy thii, tinh tich cue, chii dgng, sang tao, tu hgc va tu nghien ciiu qua trinh hgc tap cua HS Tu giiip cac em linh hgi kien thiic mgt each sau sac hon, kha nang van dyng kien thiic mgt each chinh xdc, sang tao vao cac tmh huong khac Tai li€u tham khdo Bersin & Associates {2003), Blended Learning: What Works'''', U.S Chang, A.K., Chang, J.C (2006), "Blended-Leaming Model Employed in Higher Education Institutes", ^M n±^m: "fffflm ^1^ 95 ^ , 25(4), pp 25-40 HADJERROUIT, Said (2008), "Towards a Blended Leaming Model for Teaching and Learning Computer Programming: A Case Study", Informatics in Education, 7(2), pp 181-188 Han, S.L & Jung, H.Y (2008), "The EfTect of an Offline Class Model for Blended Leaming in Lowability College School Students", International Journal for Education Media and Technology, 2( I), pp 45-54 Holden, J and Weslfall, P.J.L (2010), An Instructional Media Selection Guide For Distance Learning — Implications For Blended Learning, United States Distance Leaming Associadon, U.S Tinio, V.L (Nhom cong tac e-ASEAN UNDP-APDIP dich) (2003), "Cfing ngh? thong tin vd truyen thong (ICT) giao dye", http://www.unapcict.org, 30/09/2005 Sumamry Computers and the intemet have now become a part of our daily life, including in teaching and leaming environment E-Leaming environment, in particular, can be seen as the consequence of the support of computers and the intemet to teaching process However, e-Leaming environment poses some certain disadvantages; therefore, blended leaming model (b-Leaming), resulting from the integrated use of traditional face-to-face leaming and e-Leaming environments which can be supportive and complementary to each other, is increasingly gaming widespread acceptance on a global basis BANDOHOCNHATRlTdNG .nguyen nhjin cjia tinh tran§ tren la d cho,, doi vdi ,ngudi bien tap b,an chua bidt bien tap ban cdng nghiep, jiong nghiep Viet Nam va At lat Dia liViet Nam a trinh hgc sinh ldp khac vdi^trinh hgc sinh ldp 12 d cho nao; hg cang khflng hieu tgi sap ban gjao khga igi c ^ phdi cd,he thoyg thdng nhat Tinh thong yhat khdng chi mgt cuon at, lat ma bjeu hien su thflng nhat tfong tat ca cac logi hinh ban Ngodi ra, cdn cd nguyen nhdn d c^c ca qu^i chiic nang, chua hieu b,an ^iao khoa la gi; ban cd phu hgp vdi chyong trinh, vdi bai giang cu the hay khong, co phii hgp vdi trinh do, hgc sinh hay khflng; chua hilu chiic nang, nhieiy vy cua ,tiing loai hinh ban dp dime dh g i ^ g dgy dia li; nhat la khflng hieu sy phpi hgp su" dyng chiing nhu the ndo cho hieu q u i mgt ldp hgc (liep trang 13) dan den tinh trgng sy dyng tir chuong Jrinh va sach giao khoa vao dau hgc sinh NghTa khong theo nguyen tac cua la each bien tri thiic ciia sdch ban giap khoa He thong ban giao gido khoa tai ^an ^dng khoa cd quan he chat che vdi cua moi ngudi hgc tot nhat phyang phap dgy hipc dja li, thiet ke ban giao khoa va Taili^u tham khao at lat da ham chiia MA Nikixov Thj^ 1^ va bien phuang phdp dgy hgc mgt %) ban d6 giao khoa lanh tl Moskva bai dja li cy the, mgt chuong (1978) trinh dia li cy thp, mpt trinh Lim Quang D6c Ban d6 giao ngudi hoc cu the Vi vgy a cac khoa NXB Dai hgc suphgm 2009 nudc ngudi ta biey tap mfli ldp RB Nfalaldiov Cdc yeu tfi ban hgp dia li mgt cudn at lat, vira dfi hoc d tmong THPT Moskva (1976) the hien phuang phdp dgy hgc, Cac loai hinh ban giao khoa vira phu hgp vdi trinh hgc da xuat ban tir 1993 den tap cua hgc sinh, vira bao trum Summary toan bg ngi dung chuong trinh Thae have beai many m^uMtig va sach giao khoa ciia lap hgc poduds published fo' teacHng and Thoat li tam, sinh li ngudi leaming gsogr^% in Vietnam hgc l^i day hgc dja^ li se khflng Howeva; there has never beoi ar^ cd ket qua Ban