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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sa , 2013 Vol 58 No 8, pp 140 151 This paper is available online al http //stdb hnuc edu vn PHAT HUY KHA NANG GIAI Q U Y I T CAC V A N DE TlJ THl/C TE DIA PHUdNG[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sa , 2013 Vol 58 No 8, pp 140-151 This paper is available online al http://stdb.hnuc.edu.vn PHAT HUY KHA NANG GIAI Q U Y I T CAC V A N DE TlJ THl/C TE DIA P H U d N G THONG QUA DAY HOC DIA Ll L6P 12 THPT Vo Thi Vinh, Nguyen Thi Ha Ngan Khoa Dia ti Trudng Dal hpc Vinh Tom tat Ki nang lien he thUc ll, ki nang gia sfl cac linh hudng va giai quylt cac dnh huong dang la die'm ylu nhit each hoc ciia hpc sinh hien Bdi dUdng phUdng phap lU hoc, each hoc chu ddng chinh la nhiem vu cua mdi giao vien Nhflng thay doi chung ciia xa hoi doi hoi nen giao due phai thay doi de bat nhip, yeu cau san pham ciia nganh giao due phai dap flng dupc nhu cau xa hpi Tren nhung cam nhan dd, bai bao mudn dUa mot s6 phitdng phap va hinh thflc day hoc thong qua mon Dia li ldp 12 giup nang cao nang lUc giai quylt cac vin de tfl chinh thuc tiln cuoc song xung quanh mdi trfldng sdng gnip cac em sdm tiep can cac vin dl va co nhflng hudng giai quyet theo chinh kiln cua minh Viec giai quyll cac van dl cac em se co dfldc nhflng ki nang cd ban chuan bi cho viec tu lap sau trudng v6i vo van cac van de dang dat Tif khda: Van de ve IhUc te, Dui li Idp 12 THPT, ki nang giai quyet Mol dau Gan vdi thflc te dia phfldng la vin de dfldc chu trong day hoc hien Doi vdi mon dia Ii ndi chung, dia li ldp 12 ndi neng, sfl hdn he cac tri thflc dia li gan vdi thflc tl dia phfldng lai cang trd nen thiet thflc chfldng trinh, noi dung cua nd chinh la cac vin de cua thflc tl cac dia phfldng Ngoai ra, hoc sinh ldp 12 vdi tam thi chuan bi budc vao ddi rit cin su dinh hudng cung nhfl cac ki nang giai quyei cac vin dl cua thflc lien dat Viec liep can va trai nghiem thflc tien chinh la bfldc dem giflp cac em hoan thien cac mat nhan each ngfldi mdi ma muc tieu giao due hfldng den Chinh day hoc bang thflc te dia phfldng la mot nhflng each tang them tinh yeu que hfldng dii nfldc, tinh thin cdng ddng cung nhfl kha nang tfl lap cua ban than [1, 2] Ngaynhanbai: 15/9/2012 Ngay nhan dang 15/8/2013 Lien he Vo Thi Vinh, e-mail: vothivinh.dhv@gmai!.com 140 Phdt huy khd ndng gidi quyel cdc vdn de tif thifc le diu phuong thdng qua 2.1 N o i d u n g n g h i e n cufu Day h o c g a n v6i thu'c tc dia phiTdng Day hoc gin vdi dia phfldng chinh la nhd vao moi trfldng xung quanh, cu the la ndi dia ban cac em sinh sdng va hoc tap, xa hdn nfla la huyen tinh nhim kiem nghiem li luan cflng nhu kich thic hflng thfl hoc tap cua hoc sinh thong qua vice cac em dfldc thi cdng cac cdng trinh ma giao vien da thiet kl Cac em ihflc sfl la cac nha kinh te, nha mdi trfldng, nha dan s6, trflc tilp doi mat va giai quyll cac vin dl thflc tiln dang dat 2.2 Nhirng v a n de dia phirang chucfng trinh Dia Uldp 12 Dang tieh hpp Trong chUdng trinh Dia li Idp !2 co phin: Phin kiln thflc chung vl lU nhicn kinh te, dan cU Viet Nam va phin dia li dia phfldng, dang lich hdp xuit hien d phin kiln ihflc chung Trong cac phin kien thflc dia li dia phfldng la cac vin dl dfldc dfla vao de lam rd them cac vin de chung Vi du, irong phin kiln thflc ve dia hinh, viing nui Trfldng Sdn Bac thuoc BTB dfldc dfla vao de minh hoa cho mpl cac dang dia hinh tieu bieu cfla nfldc ta: "cac day nui song song va so le tbco hfldng TB - DN", hoac "Cay an qua dfldc phat trien manh irong mol s6 nam gin day Ci trung du Bac bo dang kc nhii la linh Bac Giang" Dang lodn bp Cac vin de dia If dia phfldng chinh la cac kicn ihflc cua bai hoc lien quan den viing kmh te cfla ca nfldc Dang kien thflc bao qual lat ca cac van dc ve tfl nhicn kinh tc, dan cfl cung nhfl cac vin de ndi bat nhit cua cac vung kinh le hien Vi du, van dc khai thae ihl manh d Irung du miln nui Bac bd, van dc chuyen dich cd ciu kinh ic ihco nganh d DBSH vin dl khai thae thi manh d Tay Nguyen, van de sfl dung hdp li va cai tao lfl nhicn d DBSCI, Vdi dang kicn thflc linh dia phfldng mang dam dau in irong mdi bai Ngoai y nghia lam ro cac \\\n de cua vung kinh lc nay, nd cd tac dung chflng minh thflc Irang va xu hfldng phat trien kinh ll cua nfldc la va dfla hoc sinh ve gan hdn nfla vdi cac vin dl cu the cua ihflc tl cac dia phfldng Day la li phan bd thdi lifdng nhilu nhit (12 bai) cho phan kiln thflc Cde bdi dia li dia phuong cu the'(Dia li tinh thdnh phd) Trong chfldng Irinh Dia ti 12 phin dfldc danh thdi Ifldng tiel Day la phan dc ren luyen cac ki nang va cung c6 kiln thflc Ii thuyll va la phin trai nghiem ihifc te dc chuan bi lam the cho viec dinh hudng nghi nghiep cua moi cm Cac em dUdc lim hieu cac vin dl lien quan din tU nhien kinh tl dan cU cua dia phUdng minh Mai khac ihflc trang cfla dia phfldng minh cho em mdt each nhin long the chung cho cac khu vflc khac va ca nfldc tren mol sd mat Dfla tren nhflng thdng tin da nghien cflu va lim hieu, cac em cd the dfla nhflng gia thilt dU kiln cfla ban thiin de' giai quylt cac vin dl IhUc lien dang dat 141 Vo Thi Vinh, Nguyen Thi Ha Ngan 2.3 Thtfc trang cua vice day hoc dia li gan v6i cac van de dia phirong triTcfng thong noi chung va Dia li ldp 12 noi rieng Noi dung kiln thflc ve dia phfldng, dac diem cua hoc sinh cuoi cu6i cip va muc lieu cua giao due dat ddi hoi chflng ta phai nang cao hdn nfla viec day hpc gan vdi dia phfldng Tuy vay, day hpc hien nay, viee gan vdi thflc tl, day hoc bang Ihtfc tien ciia cac giao vien chfla the hien rd chfla co tam lien he hieu qua chfla cao van dung cac phfldng phap va nhieu can trd cd ke hoach cho cac em xam nhap va trai nghiem thflc tl Day la nguyen nhan lam giam tinh thUc tien cac bai hoc dia li va muc tieu dinh hudng nghi nghiep cflng nhfl kl nang giai quyet cac vin d l cua thflc lien cho moi hoc sinh Trong thflc tl, thdi Ifldng cho mdt tiet hpc, phfldng tien day hoc, kinh phi to chflc cac hoal dong ngoai khda, cdn han che nen hiu het cac van de chi dfldc giai quyet hiu hit bdi giao vien, hoc sinh chi tiep nhan thu dpng va ril il cd cd hoi dfla chinh kiln cua minh Day cung la nguyen lam giam hflng thu cua cac bai dia li va khdng phat huy dfldc sfl sang tao cua hoc sinh d cac trfldng phd thdng hien 2.4 Mot s6 phUcfng phap va hinh thiic day hoc gan vdi thtfc te dia phtfdng giup nang cao kha nang giai quyet cac van de chuong trinh Dia lil2 Day hoc dua iren gidi quyet vdn de Day la phfldng phap cd the' ap dung thfldng xuyen iflng bai hoc GV neu cac van de, hoc smh liep can cac van de va tim each giai quyel, Cau hoi dat la cac linh hudng cd vin dc (THCVD) buoc hoc sinh phai suy nghi, phai Iran trd va cam thiy mau thuin va ril mudn giai quylt de' tim dap an Vi du 1: Bai 15 Bdu ve moi trudng vd phdng chong thien tai Muc Mot s6 thien lai chfl yeu va bien phap phdng chdng Van de dfla la yeu cau HS lien he nhflng thien tai ma cac em chflng kiln d dia phfldng minh vao bai hoc Hdn nfla, cac em phai biel van dung nhflng tri thflc dia li de ly giai nguyen nhan sinh cac thien lai cflng nhfl dfla mot so bien phap bao ve Nhfl vay mol van dc hpc tap, mpt tinh hudng dat da biln nhflng ban khoan nhan thflc mau ihuan chii quan ciia chinh hoc sinh va kich thich ho tim each giai quyet Vdi viec giai quyll dflpc vin de cac em se tfl tin hdn, cam nhan va tri giac cac van de thuc te mpt each chii dong va linh hoat hdn Day chinh la each dfla ddi tfldng vao vung trdng va hay tim dudng nhanh va dung nhit Ngoai viec giai quyet, tra ldi dflpc bai loan cac em dfldc dfla chinh kiln cua minh ve van de nhat la dong gdp y kien vao viec dfla cac bien phap khac phuc nhat la tai dia phfldng minh Day hpc thong qua bdn tU 142 Phdt buy khd ndng gidi quvet cdc vdn de tif thui te dia phuong ihdng qua La hi^n tifcng thien tai rat il au'p'c n h l e d i n triFac day Hien du-ac canh bao nhi4u bai s u nguy hilm cue no Tai N.An la mot dia ban tliu'dng xuyen xay hien tirong Hinh Sa cdch neu vd GQVD cua HS Day la mpt hinh thflc day hoc giup kha nang giai quylt cac vin dl thflc tl dia phfldng Ihong thdng qua vice giao vien lap cac dang ban dd lfl Cac vin de dang dien deu cd nguyen do, ngudn gdc phat sinh, cac em neu giai quyet van dl theo trinh tfl logic se ve dich mpt each nhanh chdng va hieu qua nhit Dich cuoi cung cac em tim cung chinh la dich ve mat kien thflc, ki nang va thai ma giao vien dat bai hpc VDI: BAi 31 Vdn de phdt irien kinh le - xd lun d Bde Tnmg Bp Muc Hmh cd ciu nong - lam - nghfl nghiep De' hoan phin chung ta se chia ldp nhdm thao luan ve cac van de Nhdm 1: Phan tich ihl manh vl lam nghiep vdi cac gdi y chu dl nhfl sau: Nhflng ldi the de' phat trien lam nghiep Thflc trang cua viec khai thae the manh Nhdm 2, nhdm giao vien cung gdi y theo dl cfldng iren de cac em cung lam viec Sau thdi gian thao luan, cac em trinh bay cac y kien cua nhdm, giai thfch iuan cfl nhdm da van dung de chflng minh cho cac vin dl triin Vdi hinh thflc ihao luan nay, hoc sinh ngoai viec van dung nhflng kien thflc da hoc cd the dfldc lam viec nhdm, dfldc tranh luan, dfldc neu chinh kiln, suy nghi cung nhfl hieu bilt cua ban than Bai hoc sinh dpng hdn cac em bill neu nhflng vi du die'n hinh, dac thu ve dia phfldng minh de lam sang rd ve cac vin dl tren Trong nghien cflu cac mau thuan vc nhan thflc se xay Vi du, vi de' day manh cdng nghiep hda va hien jlai hda ddi hdi phai phat huy the manh cua cac nganh nay? Lam de phat huy hdn nfla thi manh ve cac nganh ciia dia phfldng Cac mau thuan la dpng lflc thuc day kha nang sang lao chinh nd da biln mau thuan noi tai suy nghi cua cac em Day bpc thdng qua dU dn 143 Vo Thi Vinh, Nguyen Thi Ha Ngan itimmia ,Vil^OltftfQnBblg[] , ',,hv)u,k,,M.;,i„m Tmi£M)Jmmm(r ,»imniliM;Jan Thirrtr^iiiigkhailhaclaingjvennsv ll thactsng hgp TIM bien va liai dao I ChiRnlttfifPt-ijIlriPiinguorTMnavl tl^lM Ylimmn'BBiinet,hJilliatTNil.ivl t »^ I Oar T N himia liai i1ail| pHklmaniifari I i'-f;aiilli8iitWliiMi Hinh So dd tu giup HS khai thdc kien thdc vd lien he thifc te dia phitOng Khi day hoc gan vdi thflc tien dia phfldng, giao vicn cd the hfldng dan hpc sinh thflc hien dfl an + De tai dfldc lay tfl cac van de cua dia phfldng, + Giao vicn nen cho hoc sinh de tai tfl diu nam hoc de cac em cd thdi gian chuiin bi + Giao vien nen danh gia kit qua dfl an bing lilt hoc to'ng kel, cd die'm so danh gia khach quan de lang hflng thu ihflc hien dfl an cua cac em VDI- Sau hoc xong bai Viet nam tren eon duimg doi mdi vd li