Ve so lu''''dng va chat liTofng giang vien trong cac co? s6 dao tao dai hoc THS LE XOAN TIMH TrU''''dng Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha ^ioi Giao due dai hoc la cong cu quan trgng di phat trld''''n nhanh nguon nhSn life,[.]
Ve so lu'dng va chat liTofng giang vien cac co? s6 dao tao dai hoc THS LE XOAN TIMH TrU'dng Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha ^ioi Giao due dai hoc la cong cu quan trgng di phat trld'n nhanh nguon nhSn life, nhat la nguon nh^n Itfc chat Wring cao, yiu to' ngtfoTi thly, nha khoa hoc quye't dinh phan Idn ch^'t liCring dao tao hi$n T H I E U CA V E SO LU'ONG, C H A T LLrONG Theo sfi' heu thd'ng kfi todn nganh gido due nam 2012 ciia Bg Gido due va Dao tao, Viet Nam cd 419 trffdng dai hpc (DH), cao dang (CD) Trong dd, cd 204 trffdng DH va 215 trifdng CD So'Iffdng eae trffdng tang tren Ian ne'u so vdi nam 1987, ca nffdc mdi chi cd 101 trU'dng DH va CD Vific md rdng quy md khdng chi bd hep cdc trffdng cdng lap, md ca loai hlnh dan lap Nam 1987, Vifit Nam ehffa cd trffdng ngodi cfing lap, de'n ndm 1997, ca nffdc dd cd 15 trffdng DH ngoai cflng lap vd dfi'n thdng 5/2012 cd 82 trffdng DH, CD ngoai edng lap, chifi'm 20% Sff phdt triln qua nhanh ve quy mfi dao tao song cha't lifdng giao due bae DH lai khdng tffdng xffng Mpt nhffng nguyfin nhan ddn dfi'n chd't Iffdng gido due Viet Nam cdn yeu kem, dd la dpi ngu gidng vien (GV) cdn thie'u ve sfl' Iffdng vd yfi'u vl chd't Iffdng vi sd lugng, theo thfi'ng ke ciia Bfl Giao due vd Ddo tao, nam hpc 2011-2012, dgi ngu GV cd hffu ciia ta't ca cdc cd sd gido due DH ca nffdc Id 84.109 ngffdi, tang 37,45% (22.919 ngffdi); so' Iffdng GV cd trinh dd BAMG 1: CO CAU GV CO HCfO VA GV THJNH GIANG Nam hoc 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 22.792 26.798 30.121 T^ng so' 16.536 18.827 21.075 GV ctf ll ifu Cong lap 14.750 16.360 18.270 Ngoai cong lap 1.786 2.467 2.805 GV thinh T^ng so' 6.256 7.971 9.046 Cong lap 3.233 4213 624 Ngoai cong lap 023 758 422 Tongs6'GV(ngirc(i) 50 trfin DH Id 45.512 ngffdi, tang 56,67% so vdi ndm hpc 2008-2009 Mac dii vdy, quy md ddi ngQ GV van cdn khifim ton so vdi tdc dd tang quy mfi ddo tao, kfi cd sfi' trffdng cung nhff sfi' sinh vifin Ti Ifi sinh vien/gidng vifin (SV/GV) cua cd nffdc cdn d mffc qud cao so vdi quy dinh: trung binb la 28 SV/GV; ti le ndy tai mdt sfl' cd sd giao due DH cdn Ifin tdi trfin 40 SV/GV Dd'i chie'u ti lfi SV/GV eiia Viet Nam vdi mffc trung binh ciia the gidi, tha'y rdng: ngoai trff nhffng trffdng DH hdng diu thfi' gidi nhff DH Harvard cd ty le SV/GS la 3,5 va ty le SV/GV la 11,5, cdc nffdc cd nin gido due dai hoc tifin tie'n ndi chung cd ty lfi SV/GV nam khodng - Vdi sfi' trung binh 28 SV/GV thi hien ngdnh giao due dai hpc nffdc ta thie'u khoang 40.000 de'n 5b.0()0 GV Theo dff bdo, de'n nam 2020, dan sd nffdc ta khoang 100 hifiu ngffdi vdi khoang 23,5 trieu hpc smh vd 4,5 trifiu SV, ddi hoi quy mfi dpi ngu phai tdng trung binh 5%/nam, de'n nam 2020, can cd 1,25 trieu nha gido dd, so GV phai tang gap lan hien vdi il nha't 25% cd trinh dfi tie'n sy (TS) (rieng cae trffdng DH, CD sff pham yeu clu 100% gidnp vien cd trinh dp TS) Tai nhilu cd sd ddo tao, nha't la cdc cd sd mdi dffdc lap vd cd sd tff thuc, sfl' Iffdng gidng vifin thinh gidng cao hdn nhilu ldn so vdi dpi ngu cdn bfi cd hflU ldm anh hffdng khfing nhd tdi cha't lifdng dao tao ciia nhd trffdng Khdng it trffdng hdp, danh sdch GV thinh gidng cua mpt Kmhte vaDi/bio Iflyjtjj^ sd trffdng trung nhau, tap trung vao mdt sd gido sff phd gido si/, TS Vific sur dung qud dfing GV thinh gidng lam cho cd sd ddo lao khd chu dpng thffc hifin ke'hoach de va chat Iffdng dao tao khdng cao, GV thinh gidng it cd dilu kifin tham gia sinh boat chuyfin mon vd khfing cd thdi gian tap trung nghifin cffu, ndng cao chS^t Iffdng giang day, cung nhff sau sdt dfi'i tffdng ngffdi hgc (Bang 1) Ve chdt luang ty le dpi ngu GV cd trinb dp TS hoac cd chffc danh khoa hgc cdn thap Theo so lieu thd'ng ke eua Eg Gido due va Dao tao, nam 2012, loan nganh chi cd 348 GV cd chffc danh gido sir (0,5%), 2.224 phd giao sff (3,37%), 9.152 TS (\4,21%) vd 36.360 thac sT (47,0%) Con sd cdn qud thap so vdi muc tieu ciia Bfi Giao due va Dao tao de la dfi'n nam 2020 phai dat it nhd't 35% GV cd trinh TS Dgi ngu GV cd trinh dp cao, ddc biet la cac phd gido sff, giao suf cd dfi tu6i trung binh kha cao, phdn bfi' tap trung chii yeu d mpt so' trffdng DH ldn tai Hd Ndi va phfi'Ho Cbi Minh Ngoai ra, mfit thffdc ddn gidn vl chd't Iffdng GV mdt trffdng DH Id cd cd'u thdnh phan GV, cu the' la sd' Iffdng TS, hay d ti lfi TS/GV Ti lfi cac trffdng DH nffdc ta chi mdi dat sfi' 12,43%, dd, d cac trffdng DH trung binh d phffdng Tay Id khoang 70% Vdi sff so sdnh ndy, chd't Iffdng GV Viet Nam rd rdng cdn ra't tha'p Cha't Iffdng dfii ngu GV dffdc thi hien chij yfi'u qua cha't Iffdng giang day vd nghifin cffu khoa hgc (NCKH) Hoat dpng NCKH va ehuyen giao cfing ngbe Id mgt nhffng nhifim vu cua ngffdi GV Trong d nhieu nffdc, NCKH dffdc dimg de ddnh gia chat Iffdng eac trffdng DH, thi d ta, phan ldn GV khdng tham gia nghifin cffu (theo dung nghia qufi'c te) Mfit sd' ngffdi chang cdn tbdi gian dfi' nghien cffu, so'khdc thi chffa bao gid hgc nghien cffu mfit cdch thffc sff Cbo nen, doi hdl ho phai day eho smh vifin tap nghifin cffu nhieu la dilu khflng tifdng Theo thflng ke cua Bg Giao due vd Ddo tao (2011), hifin cd 56.000 can bg gidng day d cac trffdng DH, CD nhffng chi cd khoang 1.100 GV (3%) tham gia NCKH va ra't it GV tham gia nghifin cffu Hay nhff tai DH Qufi'c gia thdnh phfl' Ho Chi Minh, mdt DH dffdc xem hdng dau d Vifit Nam, tinh binh cQng khfing ma'y khd quan Trong giai doan tff -006 - 2010, DH ndy cd 2.300 bdi bao imimiy and ForetaM Re\ i khoa hpc du'dc cfing bd, dd 720 bdi bao dang trfin cdc tap chi khoa hoc the'gidi vdi chi so^anh hffdng trune binh la 1,8 DAU LA NGUYEN NHAN Thli nhdt, ca che qudn ly, si^ dung doi ngd GV hifin khfing phdt buy he't tilm ndng ciia dfii ngii va tifng cd nhan, khfing kich thich dffdc sff pha'n dd'u chuyfin mfin; khong sang lgc dffdc dfi ddng va thffdng xuyen nhffng ngifdi yfi'u kem Cd che', chinh sdch dai ngfi chifa tufdng xffng, vdn dffa chii yen vao khd'i Iffdng giang day vd tham nien cdng tac ma khfing can cff vao tich va kha nang nghifin cffu ciia ca nhan; chifa bdo dam cho GV ed cudc sdng dii de cd the loan tdm, toan y cho vific bao ddm cha't lifdng boat dgng giang day vd NCKH Dinh mffc lao dfing, che' gidng day, bdi dffdng va NCKH hifin van dp dung theo quye't dinb tff nam 1978 Che' tham nhap thffc te', trao ddi hge thual, tham gia bpi thdo chffa dufdc quy dinh rd Khflng cd quy dinh cu thi ve mffc dfi du'dc phep Idm viec ngodi tn/dng dfi'i vdiGV 7"/](? hai, cd the khang dinh rang, nguon thu nhdp ehinb ye'u eiia cdc GV hien de'n tff viec giang day Vific NCKH vffa td'n nhieu thdi gian, cdng sffc, thu nbap lai it di GV pbdi gidng day qud nhilu Theo Quyfi't dinh sfi' 64/2008/QD-BGDDT, ngdy 28/11/2008 ciia Bd trffdng Bd Giao due va Dao tao, GV cd chffc danh cang cao tbi sfi' gid giang day cang nhieu (gido sff, GV cao cd'p = 360 gid; phd gido su', GV chinh = 320 gid ; GV = 280 gid) So'gid chuan da tffdng dfi'i nhieu, song tren thffc te', d khd nhieu trffdng DH, CD, so' gid ma GV thffe day cdn ldn hdn nffa, thffdng la gd'p ddi so dinh mffc, tham ehi cd ngffdi day tdi 1.000- 1.500 tifi't/nam Vdi so'gid giang nhieu nhff vay nen GV khdng cdn tbdi gian (vd ea sffc Iffc) danh cbo viee nghien cffu Thdm chi nhieu GV cdn di day thfim d trU'dng iff vi d dd tbu lao mfli tifi't day cao hdn Do vay, GV 'Udng quin" NCKH la dieu khong he khd hieu Thli ba, tbieu sff pho^i hdp giffa cac doanh nghifip, nhd lanh dao va cac nhd khoa bgc ciia cdc trffdng DCi bien cd mdt dpi ngu cdc nha khoa hgc ddng ddo (chii ye'u Id cua cae trffdng DH, CD), nhu^g difdng nhff tff ca phia chinh quyen va cae nhd khoa hgc diu chffa that sff quan tam de'n viec hdp tdc, dau tff va ffng dung cdc cfing trinh NCKH de xay dffng, phat trien da't nifdc Nhilu cfing trinh khoa hgc lam xong chi de xfi'p thff vifin nam ndy qua nam khac' Thiitu kinhphiphue vu eho nhffng de tdi NCKH ciia GV khflng nhieu Kinh phi cap cho cac de tai nghien cffu cap Nha nffdc, cap bg hoac phfl'cdn tam dn nhifng vdi cdc cdng trinh nghien cffu ea'p trffdng hoac bdi bdo thi sfl'kinh phi thffdng ra't thd'p (tff 15 - 20 trifiu dong/de tai va 500.000 d - 700.000 d/bai bdo) vl the', khfing khuyfi'n khich dffdc GV nghien cihi va cha't Iffdng cdng trinh cung kbdng the cao Trong lai chffa 51 cd cd che^khuye'n khich tff nghifin cffu vd vifi't bdo khoa hgc, chffa thffe Men che'dp bau kiem tra, hau thffdng de tao mfii trffdng canh tranh ve chat Iffdng cdc cdng trinh khoa bgc MOT SO GIAI PHAP Mgl Id, ddi mdi edng tde xay diAig quy hoach, ke' hoaeh va sffa ddi, bo sung hodn thien cac quy dinh ve tuyen dung GV; nghien cffu xay diftig cd che', chinh sdch nham thu but dgi ngu sinh vien td't nghifip loai gidl, sinh vien cdc ldp cff nhdn lal nang, ky sff chd't Iffdng cao Iam GV; xay dffng chinh sach thu hut cdn bd khoa hoc cd trinb chuyen mfin cao vd ngoai nu'dc tbam gia giang day cac cd sd ddo tao cua Viet Nam Hai la gidi ban gid gidng cua GV Trffdc hfi't, Bg Gido due va Ddo tao nen xem xet de giam dinh mffc gid giang cua chffc danh gido sff, phd giao sff, dfi hp ddnh thdi gian nhilu hdn cho viec nghifin cffu Vdi edc trffdng, can cd sff khd'ng che' sd' gid giang td'i da dffdc phep cua GV, trdnh bien fffdng GV chi Id "thd day", "chay xfi" Ngoai ra, can cd cd che'de quy doi gid NCKH gid gidng vdi mfit ty le nha't dmh, de' GV ed the yfin tdm hdn nghien cffu md khflng lo khflng dii gid gidng theo dinb mffc Kfi't hdp vdi cd ehe'canh tranh giffa cac ke't qua nghien cffu nam nhff da neu d trfin Ba Id, tao dieu kien cho GV tbam gia NCKH, cd nhilu cd hfii tie'p xuc, tham gia nhffng boat ddng nghien cffu, cac hdi thao d cdc dia phffdng nffdc va cdc nffdc cd nen khoa bgc va gido due phat trien Cung cd the tham khao md hinh cua mgt so' trffdng DH tren the' gidi la danh mdt khodn ngan sdch rieng cho nhffng GV cd kfi't qud nghifin cffu di/dc cong nhan rfing rai d nffdc va qud'c te' So tien ndy ty lfi thuan vdi sd' cong trinh cdng bo' ndm va dam bao cho hp cd the trang trdi cho viec tham gia cdc hdi thao nffdc (vd qud'c te) Ke't bdp chat che giffa trufdng vdi vien nghien cffu de sff dung, phd bie'n cac ke't qua nghifin cffU vdo giang day vd bgc hdi them kinh nghifim nghien cffu Ngoai ra, cdc trffdng DH eung can xay dffng md'i lien kfi't vdi cac doanh nghiep viec dat hang cdc NCKH cua trffdng Mdi hen ket nhdm xa hdi hda vific dau tif NCKH, dong thdi tang cffdng ffng dung cdc kfi't qud NCKH vao thffc tfi' Bdn Id bo sung, hoan thifin cd che, chinh sdch dai ngfl dfi'i vdi dpi ngu GVDH tffdng xffng vdi tich va ndng Iffc ca nhdn; dieu chinh chinh sach lffdng,^hu ca'p ffu dai, cd chfi' dai ngp phu hdp de cdi thifin ddi sd'ng vdt chd't va tinh than, tao dong Iffc va dilu kifin cho dpi ngQ GV nang cao nang Iffc, trinh dd Ndm Id, giai phap tuye'n chpn GV trffdng DH Doi mdi phffdng thffc quan ly vien chffc theo chi tieu bien che sang xdc dinh vi tri viec Iam hong tffng ddn vi sff nghifip Xay dffng cdc vi tri viec lam vdi sd' Iffdng cu the' va can thifi't, thay the cho viec giao va phan hd chi tifiu bie'n che' nhff hien Tuyln ehpn pbai khach quan, cdng bang vd khoa hpc diing cac vi tri vific ldm, da dang hda che' dd tuyen dung GV theo hffdng md, trfin cd sd hdp dong ldm vific, hdp ddng vu vific, hdp dong vdi cdc GV, nhd khoa hgc da nghi hffu Nen coi trgng nang Iffc thffc sff ciia nha khoa hpc, khdng nfin qud coi trpng bang cap tuyln dung GV Sdu Id, giai phdp ve cdng tdc kilm tra, nhdn xet, ddnh gid ddi vdi GV hong trffdng dai hgc Khdng dp dung cdch quan ly "hdnh chinh hda" dd'i vdi cdc nhd khoa hpc Can nghifin cffu dp dung cd ehe'quan ly dac thil theo san pha'm d^u nham phat huy ndng Iffc sang tao, dam mfi nghe nghiep cua mfil GV, cdn bg nghien ciJu khoa hpc Ddnh gid thffc hien cfing viec ciia vifin chffc mflt thdi gian nhat dinh Vific ddnh gia chi tap trung vdo danh gia theo cac tieu chi thffc hifin cong viec nhff ke't qua thffc hifin, thdi gian thiJc hien, chi phi hifiu qua, kha nang phd'i hdp triln khai cdng vific • TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Lfi Hffu Ai, Lam Ba Hda (2010) Nghien cffu khoa hpc - yeu cau bdt budc dd'i vdi ddi ngii giang vien eac trffdng dai hoc Tap chi Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe, trudng Dai hoc Da Ning, Sd4 Tran Mai iJdc (2011), Gido due Viet Nam xu the' hgi nhdp, Tgp chi Cong ngh$ Ngdn iuing, Trffdng Dai hgc Ngdn hang TP Ho Chi Minh, Sfi'67 Bg Gido due vd Dao tao (2012) So lieu thdng ki gido due vd ddo tgo 2012, truy cap tff http:// www.moet.gov.vn/?page=I1.10&view=4446 Bg Tdi chinh (2013) Them nhiiu kinh tdi chinh ho trg hogt dgng khoa hgc vd cong ngh^ truy cap tff http://www.mof.gov.vn/portal/page/portal/mof_vn/1539781?pers_id=2177014&item„ id=l I4493490&p_details=l 52 Kmh te'vi DUbjo ... khoa hgc (NCKH) Hoat dpng NCKH va ehuyen giao cfing ngbe Id mgt nhffng nhifim vu cua ngffdi GV Trong d nhieu nffdc, NCKH dffdc dimg de ddnh gia chat Iffdng eac trffdng DH, thi d ta, phan ldn... thdnh phfl'' Ho Chi Minh, mdt DH dffdc xem hdng dau d Vifit Nam, tinh binh cQng khfing ma''y khd quan Trong giai doan tff -006 - 2010, DH ndy cd 2.300 bdi bao imimiy and ForetaM Re\ i khoa hpc du''dc... the'', khfing khuyfi''n khich dffdc GV nghien cihi va cha''t Iffdng cdng trinh cung kbdng the cao Trong lai chffa 51 cd cd che^khuye''n khich tff nghifin cffu vd vifi''t bdo khoa hgc, chffa thffe