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TO CHUC CAY XANH IRONG KHONG GIAN K H TRUC CAJW QUAN CiJA CAC TRUDNG BAI HOC VA CAO BANG Pham Thi Lien Hirong'''', Dang Du c Dirong'''' Tom tdt Trong td chicc khong gian kien true cdnh quan cua cdc tru&ng d[.]
TO CHUC CAY XANH IRONG KHONG GIAN K H TRUC CAJW QUAN CiJA CAC TRUDNG BAI HOC VA CAO BANG Pham Thi Lien Hirong', Dang Du-c Dirong' Tom tdt: Trong td chicc khong gian kien true cdnh quan cua cdc tru&ng dgi hgc, cao ddng, cdy xanh Id mot Irong cdc yiu td tgo cdnh tu nhien ddng vai tro rdt quan trgng vd chiem mgt ty le tuong ddi l&n truong thi gidc Cdy xanh gop phdn tgo dung cdc khong gian m&, khong gian tinh thdn, tgo diiu kien cho cdc hogt dgng cgng ddng, giao luu ban be, nghien cuu ngodi troi giup cho tdm ly hoc tap b&t cdng thdng Td chuc khdng gian kien true cua cdc truong dgi hoc, cao ddng Id td hgp nhdm cua nhiiu khdng gian, moi khong gian co dgc trung ve hinh thuc vd chuc ndng rieng Vi vgy, to chuc cdy xanh cdn chu y den cdc nguyen tdc lua chgn logi cdy, mdu sdc, ddng ddp vd cao cda cdy ciing cdch thdc bd cue hgp ly nhdm phdt huy hieu qud gid trj nghe thugt cua cdy xanh, gdp phdn xdy dung mdi tru&ng hgc tap thdn thien vd vdn hda hgc du&ng Tit khoa; td chuc cay xanh, truong dai hgc, cao dang, kien trdc trudng hgc, to chuc canh quan thdng du&ng dgo ) dugc phdi ket mdt cdch I MdDAU Chien lupc phdt trien dao tao dai hpc, cao hgp Iy nhdm khai thac tdi da ve dep tir thien dang Viet Nam da khang dinh triet ly "Tdn nhien Cdy xanh la yeu td tgo canh khdng the trgng ngu&i hoc vd xem ngu&i hgc Id (rung tdmthieu va chiem mgt ty Ie khd Idn td chiic cua qud Irinh ddo tgo" mpi boat dpng khdng gian kien tnic canh quan ciia cdc trucmg ciia nha trudng deu hudng ve muc tieu tao dieu bdi su sinh dgng hinh thiic, mau sac, dang kien tdt nhat ca ve vat chdx lan tinh thdn cho ddp va kha nang bien ddi phong phii theo ngudi hgc Nhu vdy, mdi trudng giao dye dai miia, theo thdi tiet, theo tdc dp trudng va hgc, cao dang ngodi viec phuc vy chiic nang hpc phdt trien cua mdi Ioai cdy mdi trudng tap, cung cdp kien thiic chuyen mdn, thuc hien thien nhien cac hoat ddng ngoai khda cd lien quan den ITnh VAI T R CUA CAY XANH TRONG vuc hgc tap cdn phdi quan tdm den viec tao KHONG GIAN KIEN TRIIC CANH QUAN dung gia trj tinli than; tao khdng gian gan giii, CUA CAC TRUOfNG ©AI HQC-CAO DANG thoai mai sau thdi gian hgc tap cdng thang; hd Cdy xanh la "la phdi cua khdng gian" trg tang cudng cac boat dpng cgng ddng, giao khdng cd the phu nhan nhirng vai trd het sue Iuu ban be; xdy dung niem tin vao mdi trudng quan trgng ciia cay xanh mdi trudng song dao tao md sinh vien dang theo hpc ddng thdi cang hdi hd, tdp nap cua ngudi Cay hudng sinh vien den cac boat ddng xd hdi, hoat xanh cd kha nang lam giam Iugng CO2 va dpng ngoai khda khung cdnh thien nhien tdy di mgi chdt ban khdng khi, ngdn lanh Khdng gian san vudn va canh quan bui, giam tieng dn, giam nhiet nhdm cai thien ngodi trdi cung ddng gdp mpt phdn khdng nhd mdi trudng vd chat Iugng cudc sdng de khdng dinh triet Iy dd Nhin tir gdc quy hoach va kiln tnic thi Nhihig khdng gian ndy cd khd ndng tao dung cay xanh la mpt nhiing phdn ca ban gia tri van hda va tinh than rdt to Idn cho- mdi de tao dung bd cue hinh khdi - khdng gian trudng dai hpc, cao dang Trong td chirc canh td chiic cdnh quan ciia bdt ky thi Ioai cdng trinh quan cua chiing, cdc yeu td tao cdnh tu nhien ndo Ddi voi khdng gian cac trudng dai hpc, cao (cdy xanh, mat nu&c, dia hinh ) va ylu td tao dang - mdi trudng dac thii bdi cac hoat dpng cdnh nhdn tao (hinh thirc vd khong gian kiin gido due ddo tao va nghien ciiu, td chiic cay ink: (CIC phdm dieu khdc, tugng (rang tri, he xanh Id rat can thiet bdi nhiing uu dilm ma no mang lai: - Sy phong phu, sdng dpng cua mau sdc (la, ' BQ mon Do hog ky thugt - DHTL KHOA HQC Kf THUAT THUY LQI VA MOl TRlrtWG - S6 43 (12/2013) hoa, ), hinh dang (tdn Id, thdn cay, hinh dang cdi xen) va cdc lop cdy cao thdp khac gdp phdn tao chieu sdu cho khdng gian, tang gia tri tham my ciia td hgp cdc cdng trinh khudn vien trudng, giiip cdng trinh hda nhdp vdi thien nhien, than thien vdi moi trudng; - Td chiic cdy xanh (TCCX) k i t hgp vdi cac yeu td tao canh khac nhu hd nudc, md hinh biiu tugng trudng hgc, ghe da tai cdc khdng gian nhu trudc khu cdng tin, ky hie xd, sdn the thao s5 tao nen mdi trudng khdng gian md, tao dilu ki?n cho cdc boat dgng giao Iuu, nghien ciiu ngoai trdi, giiip cho tdm ly hpc tap bdt cang thing Thanh cdng viec khai thac va td chiic cdy xanh khudn vien trudng se tao nen sdc thdi rieng ciia timg khdng gian, gdp phdn hinh thdnh hinh dnh dau dn rieng cua timg trudng dai hgc, cao ddng; - Td chirc cdy xanh hgp ly se che ndng tot ma van ddm bao chieu sang tu nhien cho cdc ldp hpc ddng thdi ddn dugc gid mdt vdo mua he, chdng dugc gid Ianh vao mua ddng Dd la uu dilm ma khdng phai giai phap che ndng nhan tao ndo ciing cd thi ddp iing dugc; - Tdc dd thj hda dien nhanh chdng keo theo sy ddi ciia mgt loat cac nha cao tang, cdc khu ddn cu vdi mat dg xay dyng cao dan bien cdc dd thi thdnh cac 'dao nhiet', thieu vdng cdc mdng xanh cdn thilt Nhu vay, viec td chtic cay xanh cac tnrdng dai hpc, cao ddng se gdp phdn tao nen cac 'hat nhan xanh' gid tri cho khdng gian dd thi; CJ cac nudc tren the gidi, td chiic cay xanh mdi trudng dai hpc, cao dang dugc xem nhu mgt tieu chi xay dung mdi trudng hgc tap thdn thien, xay dyng vdn hda hpc dudng Nhieu trucmg dai hgc khdng chi cd thiet ke dep ma cdn chii trpng tao mdi trudng xanh Idnh, mdu sdc thien nhien sinh ddng nhu 'kien tnic trdi tim xanh' ciia Khoa nghe thudt, thiet k l va truyin thdng thupc dai hgc Cdng nghe Nanyang Singapore, hay dai hgc Yonsei Han Qudc (hinh 1) Hien nay, cdc trudng dai hgc, cao dang d Viet Nam da cd su quan tdm den van de td chiic cdnh quan ndi chung va td chiic cdy xanh ndi rieng mdi trudng hgc tap cua minh, dd ndi len mpt sd trudng cd td cbiic khudn vien cdy xanh khd dep mat nhu giai phap 'vudn mat diing' tren tudng be tdng khudn vien trudng dai hgc Kien tnic thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (hinh 12) hay sdn vudn dai hpc Khoa hpc Tu nhien - Dai hpc Qudc gia (hinh 3) Tuy nhien, td chiic cdnh quan ndi chung vd td chiic cdy xanh ndi rieng mpt sd trudng van cdn mang tinh chat ty phdt, chua cd sy nghien curu ky ludng thiet ke, nguyen nhan khdng gian nhd ciing vdi dieu ki§n tdi chinh eo hep nen cdn lon xpn, chua cd gid In tham mv cao Hinh I To chdc cdy xanh khdng gian kien tnic cdnh quan d cdc trudng dgi hgc iren the gidi (lie Irdi qua phdi Khoa nghe ihudl, thiil ki vd truyin thdng thudc DH Cong nghi Nanyang -Singapore: dgi hgc Yonsei - Hdn Qudc vd mot irudng dai hgc & My) MQT SO NGUYEN TAC VA GIAI PHAP TO C H U C CAY XANH T R O N G K H N G GIAN CANH QUAN CAC T R U N G D A I HQC, CAO DANG Td chiic khdng gian kiln tnic trudng dai hgc, cao ddng la td hgp ciia nhieu khdi cdng trinh khac tao mdt the thdng nhdt Mdi khdi nhd cd nhirng ddc trung v l cdng nang vd hinh thirc rieng Lien ket cac khdi cdng trinh ndy thudng Id hanh lang cdu, cac mang sdn Idn nhd, hd nudc, sdn Ddy cung la nhimg khdng gian md cho cdc hoat dgng giao luu, hgc KHOA HQC K? T H U A T THOY LQI VA MOl TRITONC - S ( / ) tap ngodi trdi; khdng gian td chiic cdc sir kien hay tao hinh anh ddu dn Cay xanh cd vai trd lam tdng tinh thdm my ciing nhu cau ndi lien ket cac khdng gian dd lai vdi nhieu mdu sac sdng ddng, bdi ve phuong dien sinh hpc mdu sac tir thien nhien hoa cd se giiip kich thich tri nao, gidm cdng thing met mdi sau mdi gid hgc tap 3.1 Mgt sd nguyen tdc to chirc cay xanh khong gian cdnh quan ciia cdc tru&ng dgi hgc, cao dang Do ddc diem ciia cac trudng dai hgc, cao dang la mdi trudng giao due dao tao cd ddi tugng sii dyng phdn Idn la sinh vien Vi vay, lira chpn cdy xanh can luu y mdt sd nguyen tac sau: a Lua chgn logi cdy + Lira chgn loai cdy phii hgp vdi dac diem hau, thd nhudng cua timg dja phucmg ciing nhu quy hoach cu the ciia timg khu vuc trudng mdi loai cay cd nhung ddi hdi nhdt dinh ve dieu kien sinh trudng va phat trien; + Lira chpn cdc loai cdy to cao, tudi thp Idn va cd tan rdng tao bdng mat cho san trudng, giiip tang ndng oxy khdng khi, tao mdi trudng thodng mat, lanh (nhu xd cit, phugng vT, bang lang ); + Ve CO ban, cdc cay to cao, tan rdng hosic cdy cdnh thudng cd sac ndu cua than va sic xanh phong phii cua la Iam phdng nen cho kiln tnic cdng trinh; + De lam sinh ddng khdng gian cdnh quan ciia trudng, lira chpn cac Ioai hoa, cd phong phii vl mdu sac dd cd dugc sir dyng Idm nin cho cac khdm cdy, bdn hoa va cdc kien tnic nhd nham tao su hai hda vd lien ket cdc yeu td tao canh khac Cdc loai hoa va mau sdc hoa rdt phong phii va da dang, cd loai hoa tao thdnh khdm hoa, bon hoa (ciic, pang-xe, hdng ), cd lodi hoa theo timg cay than gd (bdng ldng, phugng vT, diep vdng ), cd lodi hoa nd dugc nhieu nam (thu hdi du&ng, hdng -) hay mdt nam (cue ngQ sdc, dong tien ) (hinh 2) Tiiy theo y dd bd cyc khdng gian canh quan vd dieu kien cu the cua timg trudng ma lua chgn cac Ioai hoa cd hgp Iy + Trdng them cdc loai cdy the, cdy cdnh cd khd ndng trang tri cao vd diem xuyet them cdc loai cay cd mdu sdc, cd hoa nd quanh ndm nham ldm sinh dgng han khdng gian cdnh quan cua trudng (nhu van tue, cau canh, eg ); + Khdng nen trdng cac loai cay an qua hodc cac cay gd xau, than canh de bi gay thdt thudng gid bdo, thdi tiet; + Khdng trdng cac loai cdy cd hoa qua hap dan rudi nhdng, sdu bg nhu bdng, da, si hoac cac loai cay cd nhieu gai, nhua dpc b Lua chgn mau sdc cua cdy Khdng gian trudng dai hpc, cao ddng nen cd c Lua chgn hinh ddng vd cao cua cdy Vdi khdng gian ciia cdc trudng dai hpc, cao dang, tam quan sat vat the d khoang each gdn ciing tdc dp di chuyen chdm dan den thdi gian cam thu thi gidc Idu hon va kha nang nhdn biet cdc chi tiet ciia vat the ro net Do dd, hinh khdi va dang dap ciia cdy ddng vai trd rdt quan trgng cac hinh thiic tao hinh cua chiing se lam phong phii ban khdng gian cdnh quan ciia khudn vien trudng Cdc loai cdy ciing nen co chieu cao khac nhdm lam tdng sy cam nhdn ve chieu sdu khdng gian ciing nhu kha nang phdi ket nhieu loai cay (hinh 3) Hinh Hoa bdng ldng iim, phucmg vd hoa lan duong tren sdn tru&ng dgi hgc Thuy lgi Hd Ngi vd dgi hgc Kten true - Thdnh phd HCM Hinh CL/I !t'i>^ii_\ La