Mjir so HlNH THUI; GIAO DUG GIA TRI i mam PHD THONG ThS N G O THI TRANG* ThS NGUYEN THI HI&N"'''' G/aodi/cg/afr/{GDGT} eho hoc sinh (HS) pho thdng la mdt van de co ban trong qua trinh hinh thanh nhan eac[.]
Mjir so HlNH THUI; GIAO DUG GIA TRI i mam ThS G N G O THI T R A N G * - ThS N G U Y E N THI HI&N"' /aodi/cg/afr/{GDGT} eho hoc sinh (HS) thdng la mdt van de co ban qua trinh hinh nhan each cho the he tre Nhung nam gan day, van de da va dang dUpc nghien cdu rdng rai linh vuc giao dye hpc va tam 11 hpe nude ta, cac trudng thdng cung da ed nhieu hoatdpng giao due (GD) g/afn sdng (GTS) vdi cac hinh thdc, phuong tien bleu dat khae va hieu qua mang lai eung khdng gidng Bai bao nhan dien, phan tieh cac hinh thdc GDGT dang dupc thyc hienphobien hien dcae tnidng phd'thdng, qua dexuat mdt so bien phapnh§m gdp phan nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng GDGT va vai trd ciia G DGT Cdrat nhieu ykien, quan diem khac vlGDGT, nhien, ed the hieu: -GDGT la qua trinh tac ddng tdi nhan thdc, thai dp cua ngudi dupe GD, giup hp nhanlhdc,cha'p nhan 5'/ar/;/(GT) vachuyen ddi hanh vi, GT cua ban than VI du, long yeu nudc, tinh tmng thuc, ; - Muc dich va nhiem vu cua GDGT la lam cho he thd'ng GT ma xa hpi mong dpi chuyen he GT d mdi ca nhan de GT ea nhan phii hpp vdi nhung mong mudn, chuan mire eua xa hpi Nhu vay, cdthe hieu, GDGT la qua trinh, dd ngudi Idn (nha GD} to ehde cudc sd'ng, hoat ddng phong phu va da dang eho the he tre, kich thieh hp hoat dpng tich cue de hp Unh hpi nhung GT td't dep, bien GT cua ban than GDGT cd y nghTa dae biet quan trpng ddi vdi qua trinh hinhthanh nhung pham chat nhan each, the gidi quan va nhan sinh quan cho the he tre Nd ton tai mdt each khach quan va chiu suche'ude cua nhdng dieu kien xa hpi lich su Trong dieu kien xa hdi cd nhieu bien dpng, quan diem ve su uu tien doi vdi cac GT cung cdsublen ddi theo Hien nay, the he tre dang cd xu hudng djch chuyen tdGT tinh than la chu yeu sang GT vat chat ia chu yeu, vay, nguy co danh mat nhihig GT nhan van tdt dep hay suc/)ec/?/?u'Dng qua trinh hinh thinh he GTd the he tre \a rat cao Do do, djnh hudng GT, GDGT eho thehe tre ndi ehung, cho HS thdng ndi rieng trd nen vd cung can thiet, va nd 6uqc thuc hien b^ng nhieu hinh thuc da dang khae 28 Tap chi Giao due so 338 PHD THONG Mptso hinh thiic GDGT dtrudng phothong tieu bieu 1) Thong qua hoat dgng ehinh khda: Day la hinh thdc GDGT ed to chuc, cd muc dich, cd phuong phap, npidung va dupc cu the hda dcac mdn hpc, nhu viec hinh GT dao ddc, loi sd'ng cho cae em dupc dua vao chuang trinh hpc bat budc d cae mdn hpc: mdn GD dao diJC GD cong din Ve ban chat, day la each thue nham truyen dat nhung he thd'ng GT dupc lua chpn va xay dyng tren cosdcac chuan muc xa hdi, cae GT cot ldi can phai cd cua mdi ca nhan edng dong, thdng qua cac mdn hpc bat bupc, cacehuyendeve GDGT nha trudng phothdng Hien nay, G D phd'thdng Viet Nam cung da nghien edu va dua vao thi diem mdt so chuong trinh GDGT nhu Chuangtrinh GD Gr5(LVEP).DaylachU0ng trinh dupc cac nha GD cua mdt so nudc tien tien tren the tap hop va nghien cdu cdng (tdnhdng nam 1995) va da dupe cac Ban GD eua UNESCO va UNICEF bao trg Tdnam 2001, chuong trinh LVEP bat dau den vdi Viet Nam Hien da cd 80.000 td' chdc eua 80 qude gia van dung dUa chuong trinh vao giang day cho thieu nien cua cac nudc Hien nay, nhieu nude tren the gidi dang phai dd'i m at vdi nan bao luc, iam dung, te nan xi hoi gia ting faxamn/iap/joccft/d'ng.Gdnhieu nguyen nhan dSn den hien tuong nay, nhung cd mdt nguyen nhan sau xa, ca ban nhat la eon ngucfi da khdng dupc djnh hudng mot each day du cae GTS can thie't t r e em qua trinh phat trie'n nhan each neu dupe sdm hinh va ton vinh eae GT dieh thuc cua minh thi eae em se ed mpt nhan each phat trie'n toan dien ben vung, cd kha nang thich ung va chdng ehpl vdi mpi bien ddng xa hpi, biet ti; khing djnh ming eupe sd'ng b§ng chinh 12 G Tcdtldimi cac nhi GD dachi Do la cac GT: hoa binh, ton trpng, yeu thuang, trach nhiem, hanh phuc, tnjng thirc, khoan dung, hpp tac, khiem ton, gian dj, doan ke't, binh an 2) Long ghep vao eae mon hoc la md hinh GDGT thdng qua eon dudng tieh hop, long ghep vao * Tnrong Dai hoc sif pliam Ha Ngi * * Vi^n Khoa hgc giao due Viet Nam (ki2-7/2014) cae mdn hpe khac Thdng qua cac mdn hpe, HS thay dupc y nghTa cua mdn hpe dd ddi vdi ddi sdng, hinh dban than thai dp tieh cue viec linh hpi cac tri thue khoa hpc, qua dd phat trien va sang tao nhdng GT ca nhan, cd ich cho ban than va xa hoi Chang han, thdng qua viee finh hdi nhung tri thue td mdn Lich sd, tre biet quy trpng nhung GT truyen thd'ng tdt dep cua da't nude, ed thai dp ton trgng va bao ve nhimg GT td't dep ma Ijeh sd de lai; thdng qua viee hpc phan mdn Van/?oc, hinh d tre Idng dung earn, vi tha, biet chia se Do vay, trude tien hanh day mdt mdn hgc nao, ngudi day cung can xac dinh rd cac muc tieu mdn hpe ve: kie'n thue, thai dp, va kTnang long ghep, tich hpp, lam tang tinh khoa hpc, thuyet phue, niem tin khoa hge vao cac GTS cho ngudi hpc 3) Thong qua cac boat dgng tip the (hay boat dgng ngoii gid len ldp): ThonQ qua viec tochdc cac hoat ddng tap the, hoat dpng ngoai gid len ldp, eae GT eua xa hdi, eae ehuan muc dao due dugc tnjyen tai den ngudi hgc (vl hgcung tham gia vao cac hoat ddng ehung cua tap the, cung hudng tdi muc dich ehung) Tap thecd kha nang djnh hudng, dieu chinh va dieu khien hanh vl, thdi quen cua tung ea nhan, dae bietla"d£//i;a/j/ap//;e''.Daylathd'Vukhi"lgihaiedtac dyng kich thich nhdng hanh vi tieh cue va ngan chan, day lui nhung thai do, hanh vi dl ngupc lai vdi he GT phan GT Tap the cung la "tnidng hpe" than thien va gan gOi eho mdi ca nhan, giup hg coco hdi tiep thu, fTnh hdi va ehuyen cac GT lhanh hanh vl, kT nang song Chang han, thdng qua hoat ddng tham quan, da ngoai, c^m trai, cham sde tupng dai eua cae anh hung, liet sT HS dan dan tie'p thu mpt each tu giae nhung GT doin ket, ton trgng , hay dao li "udng nudc nhd nguon", v.v 4) Xay dung moi trudng van boa bge dudng ^sc/ioo/cuffure/'SLrphattrien nhan each ndi Chung, su hinh nhung GTS cua tre ndi rieng chju su anh huong eua rat nhieu eae nhan td'tdphia gia dinh, nha trudng, xa hpi Trong mdi nhan tddd, phai ke de'n nhung yeu td'van hda - mdi trudng van hda -anh hudng khdng nhd den suhinh GT cua tre Van hda hpe dudng hay cdn ggi la van hda nha trudng co the hieu la bau khdng cua nhung chuan muc ve thai do, hanh vi, each dng xd cua giao vien, HS cung nhu cua nhi?ng nguc^ tham gia eae hoat ddng trudng hpe - nai diln cae hoat ddng su pham cua thay vatrd Hoat ddng nham myc tieu cudi eung la (ki2-7/2014) ehuyen vd'n hpc van vdn van hoa: tu trl thue, kT nang sang thai dd GT hanh vi (hoat dpng) cua nhan each -day chd, day ngudi; ndi each khac la nhSm phat trien ngudi, hinh d mdi ngudi nhan each van hoa, vi the ddi hoi mpt mdi tn/dng GD -van hoa hpc dudng cijng phai tuong ung va phii hc^ vdi mue tieuGD neu tren Nhu vay, mdi trudng van hda hoc dudng lamdt nhung hinh thuc thuc quan trpng gdp phan hinh cho HS nhdng GT tdt dep mdt each cd hieu qua, 5) Ke't hgp giua GD nha trudng, gia dinb va eie luc luang xa hgi ddia pbuang:Tr\j6c het, g\a dinh - "cai ndi van hda" dau tien va quan trpng nha't nai dat nen mdng cho viee hinh he GT dmdl ea nhan Mdi gia dinh la mdt te bao eua xa hgi, la noi ke't tinh nhiing GTS, cdanh hudng manh me, sau sac dd'i vdi mdi ea nhan Trinh dp van hda, ldi sd'ng, quan die'm sd'ng, cua tung vien gia dinh, dae biet la cua cha me, deu tac ddng va gay anh huong Idn den viec hinh he GT dtre Nhatrudng dupc coi la mdi trudng GDGT cd to' chdc, kehoach,phuong phap,dupe thuc hien dudi su djnh hudng, dieu khie'n eiia eae chuyen gia dupc dao tao bai ban - dd la nhung nha giao Cac lyc lugng xahdiddja phuong nhuDoan Thanh nien, Hgi cuu ehien binh cd y nghTa to Idn viec tnjyen bacung nhu gay anh hudng tich cue den qua trinh hinh GT cua cae em, dae biet la cac GT tnjyen thd'ng, eae GT ve triet li sd'ng Vi du: Chuong trinh ke ehuyen ehien sTcua cac bac euu ehien binh, chuong trinh GD an toan giao thdng cua cac chien sT cdng an Neu thieu mdt cac lue lupng GD ndi tren, chic chin viee hinh he GT cho the he tre se gap rat nhieu khd khan, tham chi la that bai Dong thdi, eae lue lupng GD ddcung khdng the'thuc hien nhiem vu GDGT mdt each ddc lap, thd'ng nhat, dan de'n hien tupng "trdng danh xudi, ken thol ngugc", mat dinh hudng cho the he tre viec nhan thde va hinh he GT, edn ggi la su lech chuan nhan thdc, hanh vi, va thieu niem tin eua eae em dd'i vdi GTS Mpt so'yeu cau de thuc hien cac hinh thdc GDGT cdhieu qua GDGTIaquatrinhphaiduactien hanh he'tsue lau dai va edng phu mdi dat ket qua Chinh vi vay, de' "dich chuyen"Ql tdt dep den the he tre, can thue hien dong bd, thd'ng nha't va phat huy tat ca nhOng mat manh, nhirng uu the eua cae hinh thuc GD neu tren Tap chi Giao due so 338 29 MdihinhthdcGDGTdeucdnhdngthemanh rieng viec chuyen tai GT, vivay can nghien euu nhdng uu thedd de dua nhung ehuong trinh va ndi dung, hanh ddng ey the, da dang, tren ca sdtinh de'n nhdng thay ddi khdng ngdng cua eae ye'u id ve kinh te, xa hdi vamditnidng sdng xung quanh tre Chang han, giai doan hien nay, cac trang mang xa hpi phat trien rat manh me, da va dang cd nhdng anh hudng rat Idn den thieu nien - Ida tudi het sde nhay cam vdi nhung bien dpng cua xa hpi Do do, nha G D khdng the khdng ehii y de'n van de dua nhung chugng trinh hanh dgng thich hpp, hap d i n tre, de dinh hudng tich cue ddi vol tre, td dd han che nhung anh hudng tieu cue tdphia eae trang mang xa hdi dd guong mau muc ve viec trau ddi nhdng GTnhan van cho ban than, hudng ldi nhdng GT mdi tot dep eho tre noi theo Bdi GDGT khdng don thuan la 'Injyen thy", ma la su anh hudng, su lan tda nhung GT td't dep tii' the he trude den the he di sau • Tai lieu tham kh&o NguySn Quang U^n - NguySn Thac - Mac Vftn Trang "Gid tri - Dinh huOng gid tri nhdn cdch vd gid tri gido due" Bh tai KX-07-04 H 2009 NguySn Thj HiSn "Tlm kieu cdc cdch tiS'p cdn va mo hinh gido due gid tri & tru&ng phd thdng Id gdc tdm li hgc" DS t^i khoa hgc Vien Khoa hpc giSo due VieiNam H.2010 NguySn Thj HiSn "Anh huong cua gia dinh giao due gia trj cho thi^u men" Tgp chi Gido MdlHS la mdt nhan each ddc dao, rieng biet, due sd 286, ki 2, 5/2012 ddcan luu yden nhdng dae diem rieng cua eae em de Huitt, W Values Educational Psychology ap dung nhung hinh thue GDGT phii hgp vdi tre nhat, Interactive Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University, chang han: Ire cd tinh nhut nhat, ngai eae hoat ddng 2004 ngoai khda, can ehii y ddng vien, khuyen khieh,tao Ingrid V.Eriksson editor Science education in the dieu kien giup eae em ed tam li tu lin, thoai mai 21'" century New York: Nova Science Pulishers, tham gia nhung hoat dpng ngoai khda, tranh nhihig 2008 to'n thupng ve mat lam li cdthe cd trequa lung tung SUMMARY mdi bat dau tham gia cae hoat dpng ngoai khda Values education is one of the most significant Con ngudi dang ton vinh nhieu nhi't chinh HGT issues facing high schools There has been increasing concern by psychologists and educators regardvdn CO cija mdi ngudi Do dd, nha GD can tdn ing values education Values education iniUaUves vinh, tran trpng nhiing GT ma tre dang ed, tdn trpng have taken many forms The article's aim Is to guide nhan each, ton trpng su lua chpn eua tre va la tam educators in using the most effective programs THE LE VIET VA GITI BAI N d i dung b d i vi€'t thuoc cdc tTnh vuc: - Qudn li giao dyc; - Tam li hoc - sinh li hpc Ida tuoi; - Li luqn gido dye; • Li luqn day hoc; - Giao due nudc ngodi; v.v Bai Viet: - M o i bdi vid't khong qua trang, kho A ; phong chi; Times New Roman [Unicode), ca chu 14 -Ten bdi b d o v d torn tat npi dung bai bdo trinh bdy bang thd tieng: tieng Viet vd tieng Anh • Tdc gid gdi ban in bdi viet va tap tin bdi viet de'n Too soqn (theo dja chi Bon biSn tap ghi tren trang myc luc cua Tap chi) - Chu thfch bai ddnh so theo thd tif xua't hiSn - Tai lieu tham khdo va chu thich ghi d cuoi bdi (trinh ty: ten tdc gid - ten sdch/bai bdo/van bdn phdp quy - nha xuat bdn - nai va ndm xuat bdn) - Tod soon khong trd Iql bdi vil't neu khong duac ddng De tien l i l n h i , tdc gid can ghi ro dja chi cong tdc, so dien thoqi, email vdo cud'i bdi TAP CHI G I A O DUC Tap chi Gido due so 338 (ki2-7/2014)