NGHIEN CLfU TRAO DOI HOAN THllN CHINH SACH PHAT TRIEN TRlTOfNG D4IHQC TlT THUC d V I | T NAM ThS BANG TH| MINH* 1 T h ^ c t r a n g d i e u ch inh ch inh sach p h a t t r i e n trifdfng da i hpc ti^ t[.]
NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI HOAN THllN CHINH SACH PHAT TRIEN TRlTOfNG D4IHQC TlT THUC d V I | T NAM ThS BANG TH| MINH* T h ^ c t r a n g d i e u c h i n h c h i n h s a c h p h a t t r i e n trifdfng d a i h p c ti^ t h u c h i p n n a y Viet Nam, gido due dai hpe (GDDH) ngodi cdng Idp duge Mnh thdnh vd phdt trien ban 20 ndm qua da tao nMlu ed hdi cho nhan ddn dugc hpc tap d trinh dp eao nhim nang eao nang Ige va kha ndng lao ddng, phue vu muc tieu phdt t r i l n Mnh td - xd hpi eua d i t nudc TO ndm 1988, Nhd node b i t diu eho phep thdnh Idp co sd GDDH ngoai edng lap vdi ba loai Mnh: bdn edng, dan Idp, tu thuc Tuy nhidn, phai ddn ndm 1993, CUnh phu mdi ban hdnh quy ehd diu tien vl dai hpe tu thue (DHTT) theo Quydt dinh sd 240/QD-TTg ngdy 24/5/1993, dd ndu rd: cung nhu cde dai hpe edng lap (DHCL), dai hpe bdn edng va dai hpc dan lap, DHTT la co sd dao tao thudc hg thdng dai hpc eua nude Vidt Nam, dat dudi sU quan ly eua Bd Gido due vd Dao tao Sau ndm quy ehd' duge ban hdnli, ndm 2001, trudng DHTT diu tidn d Viet Nam ddi - DHTT Cdu Long Trong qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien, Nha nUdc ludn quan tdm xay dung, dilu chinh cdc chinh sach n h i m tao dilu Mdn thuan Igi cho GDDH ngoai edng lap phdt tridn Nhflng thay ddi Idn nha't v i chlnh sdch phat trien cac trudng dai bgc ngoai cdng lap d Viet Nam dugc t h i Mdn qua cae van bin, nhu: Lugt Gido due n a m 2005, Nghi quyd't sd 05/2005/NQ-CP eua CMnh phu 18/4/2005 vl d i y manh xa hdi hod ede hoat ddng gido due, y te, vdn boa, the due va t h i thao; NgM quydt so 14/2065/NQ-CP 02/11/2005 cua CM'nh phu vl ddi mdi cd ban vd todn didn GDDH Viet Nam giai doan 2006 - 2020; Nghi djnh sd 75/2006/ND-CP ngdy 02/6/2006 quy dinh cM tid't hudng d i n tM hanh mdt sd dilu eua Lugt Gido due N h i m phdt trien loai hinh trudng DHTT, xod bd loai hinh trudng dai hpe ddn Idp vd dai hpe bdn cdng, ngdy 17/01/2005, Thu todng CMnh phu dd ban hdnh Quydt dinh sd 14/2005/QD-TTg v i Quy chd'td ehdc vd boat ddng eua cdc trudng DHTT, thay the quy ehd efl vd dinh hudng cho su ddi bdng loat trudng DHTT to ndm 2005 ddn De thuc Men tdt chu truong tren, ddi hdi cdc co quan qudn ly nhd nUdc ' Hoc vi#n Hdnh chinh quoc gia TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUdC - SO 223 (8/2014) NGHIEN CUU-TRAODOI phdi xdy dgng cdc ehlnh sdch hgp 1^ nham tao dilu Mdn thuan Idi cho vide chuyen ddi ede trudng dai hpe dan Idp dogc thdnh lap trOdc dd sang DHTT Nlia node cflng da ban hdnh nhilu vdn ban phdp ly nho: Quyd't dinh sd 122/2006/QD-TTg ngdy 29/5/2006 cua Thu todng Chinh phu cho phep todn bd 19 trodng dai hpc ddn lap chuyen ddi sang loai Mnh DHTT; Thdng tO sd 20/2010/TT-BGDDT ngdy 16/7/2010 cua Bd Gido due vd Ddo tao quy dinh ndi dung, trinh tg, thu tuc ehuydn ddi trudng dai hpe ddn Idp sang loai hinh DHTT Mdt khdc, dd tao dilu Men thudn Igi cho trudng DHTT phdt trien, ngdy 17/4/2009, Thu tudng CMnh phu da Quyg't dinh sd 61/2009/QD-TTg v i vige ban hdnh Quy chg' td chde vd boat ddng eua trudng DHTT thay thd Quyd't dinh sd 14/2005/QD-TTg 17/01/2005 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu Tidp dd, ngdy 10/11/2011, Thu tudng CMnb phu ban hdnh Quydt dinh 63/2011/QD-TTg v i vide sda ddi, bd sung mdt sd dilu ciia Quy chd td chde vd boat ddng cua trudng DHTT ban hdnh kdm theo Quyd't dinh sd 61/2009/QD-TTg Cdc vdn bdn ndy dd quy dinh cu thd hon vl eo chd tdi ehinh, sd hOu tai s i n cua trodng DHTT Dac bidt, Lugt Gido due sOa ddi nam 2009 khiiig dinh: "cim Igi dung cde boat dpng gido due vi mue dich vu loi" Ludt GDDH ndm 2012 vd Nghi dinh sd 141/2013/ND-CP ngdy 24/l()/20'l3 quy dinh chi tid't vd hudng dan thi hdnh mdt sd dieu cua Ludt GDBH cung quy dinh: co sd gido due DHTT boat ddng khdng vi Igi nhudn la cd sd GDDH ma phin Igi nhudn tich luy h i n g ndm 58 Id tdi sdn chung khdng chia dl tH diu tu phdt triln cd sd GDDH; ede cd ddng hodc cde thdnh vidn gdp vdn khong hudng Igi tdc bode hudng Igi ttic bing ndm khdng vugt qud lai suit trSi phid'u Chinh phu (khoan Dilu 4) Thge td trdn cho t h i y , td ndm 2005 dd'n nay, su quan tdm, nS luc eua cdc cd quan qudn ly nhd nudc da gdp p h i n quan vdo qud trinh xay dung vd dilu ehinh chlnh sdch nhdm phat tridn loai hlnh trudng DHTT Tuy nhidn, sU phdt trien cSc trodng DHTT thdi gian qua cdn nM^u bd't edp Cho dd'n nay, ea nudc ed 55 trudng DHTT (kd e i cdc trudng dai hpc ddn Idp chUa chuyen ddi); sd 19 trudng dai hpe dan l | p , mdi cM cd trudng da chuyen ddi, edn lai 15 trudng dang gdp khd khdn, vudng mSc bdi nMlu nguydn nhan, quan trpng nhat Id vide xd ly tdi s i n sd hiiu ehung, kM ede quy dinh hifn hdnh lai ehUa ed eo ehd hudng din cu thd cdch xd ly ngudn tdi sdn ndy Nhu vdy, d i bdo dam sg dn dinh vil phdt tridn trodng DHTT theo dinh hodng md Nghi quyd't Hdi nghi lin thO Ban C h i p hanh Trung uong khoa XI d l ra: c i n ddi mdi can bdn vd todn dien gido due Vigt Nam theo hudng chuin hod Men dai hod, xa hdi hod, dan chu hod vd hdi nhdp qud'c te; tid'p tuc k h i n g dinh vi khuyen khich xd hdi hod GDDH, tdng ty Id sinh vign trudng ngodi cdng Idp, thi giai doan hidn nay, Nhit nude e i n quan tdm sda ddi, bd sung de hodn thien ede chinh sdch theo nhilng nguyen t i c nhd't dinh nhim tao dilu kien thuan Igi eho cdc trOdng DHTT phdt tridn ea vl quy md vi TAP CHi QUAN L^ NHA NUdC - S d 223 (8/2014) NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D | nang cao c h i t logng, ddp dng nhu ciu hpe tdp cua nhan ddn cflng nho ydu eiu hdi nhdp qud'c te' Hoan t h i p n c h i n h sach p h a t trien tnfdng DHTT of h l p n n a y Dd tao dilu Mdn thuan Igi vd ndng cao c h i t lugng cdc trudng DHTT, ein chd trpng hodn thien ehinh sdch phdt tridn trudng DHTT theo cde nguygn tie sau: Thu nhdt, bio ddm tinh hg thdng, ddng bd: chlnh sach phat tridn trudng DHTT la mdt nhflng ehinh sdch xa hdi, lidn quan true tid'p ddn quyln vd Igi ich cua ede bdn tham gia phdt t r i i n DHTT, bao gdm: nhflng nhd sdng Idp, nhd diu tu, nhd quan ly ed sd ddo tao DHTT, ddi ngu nhd gido, ede nhdn vidn vd dpi ngu sinh vidn cung nhu s i n p h i m duge tao - dd la ngudn nhan Igc cd trinh dd eao Chlnh sdch phat tridn DHTT khdng chi n i m he thd'ng chinh sach giao due ndi rigng ma cdn n i m chinh the eua hg thdng ede chinh sdch xa hdi ndi chung ngn vUa cd lign quan mat thig't ddn chinh sach Mnh td, vOa phdi ddng bd vdi eae ehinh sdch xd hdi khac CMnh sach phat tridn DHTT phdi dugc bd sung, chinh sda kip thdi theo quan diim, dinh hudng cua Ding vl phdt tridn xa hdi hod GDDH giai doan mdi; ddng thdi, p h i i kd thOa, phdt huy nhflng ndi dung phu hgp vd k h i c phuc nhflng diim ban chd cua cMnh sich cu; bio dam sg ddng bd vdi cac chinh sach giao due khdc, trdnh sU chdng chdo, mdu thuan; bio dam su hgp ly gifla cde ehinh sdch cung he thd'ng GDDH Thu hai, bdo dam tinh kha thi vd tao dUdc su ddng thudn xd hdi: chinh sdch phat trien trudng DHTT cd tao duge sU ddng thuan xa hdi thi mdi bio dam tinh khd thi vd mang lai hidu qua Tinh k h i thi eua chinh sdch phdi duge xem xet trdn nhilu phuong didn, to vide xde dinh ddng cdc nguyen nhdn 1dm xuat hidn v i n d i chinh sdch dd'n vide xde dinh cdc mue tidu vd bien phdp ddng bd de thge hidn ndi dung chinh sdch Thge td thdi gian qua cho thiy, vide ban hdnh cdc chinh sdch p h i t trien trudng DHTT cua Nhd nudc chua tao duge sg ddng thudn xd hdi van d i xde dinh sd hOu, bao dam quyln tu ehu vd cd chd quin ly tdi eUnh cde cd sd DHTT Nhu vdy, mudn ehlnh sdch khd tM vd tao dugc sg ddng thuan xd hdi thi muc tidu vd bign phdp ehinh sach phdi hop ly Tinh hop 1^ eua chinh sdch phdt triin trudng DHTT cin dugc hiiu Id sg cdn ddi, hdi hod gifla mue tigu eua ehinh sdch vdi nguygn vpng cua dd'i tugng chlnh sdch, bdo d i m bdi hod Idi ich cua cde bgn lidn quan C i n cd sU thd'ng nhdt cao dp gifla bpach dinh muc tidu chinh sdch phat trien GDDH ndi chung vdi muc tidu phat t r i i n trudng DHTT ndi ridng tOng giai doan phu hgp vdi chu trudng ddi mdi can b i n va toan dien he thd'ng GDDH Viet Nam Nha nude phai Mem soat chat chd cae dilu Men bio d i m e h i t lugng cua trudng DHTT vd cd co chd hgp \f cho trudng DHTT phdt tridn Thu ba, bio dim edng bing, binh d i n g gifla cdc trodng DHCL vd DHTT: cd thd ndi, sU hinh va phat t r i l n trudng DHTT Id kd't qui TAP CHi QUAN L V N H A N U C - Sd 223 (8/2014) 59 NGHIEN CljfU - TRAO DOI vd khang dinh sU dung d i n cua chu nhd nudc vl GDDH ndi chung, hoach truong xa hpi hod gido due, n h i m dinh vd thge thi ehlnh sach phdt muc dich eung cap dich vu xd hdi cho tridn DHTT ndi ridng, cin tuan thii cdng ddng cung nhu eung cap ngudn nguyen tic cdng khai, minh bach nhdn Ige trinh dd eao cho phdt trien c a c CO quan qudn ly nha nude phdi d i t nudc Chinh vi vdy, cin bdo dam cung cap d i y du thdng tin, 1dm ro sg edng bing, binh ding gifla trudng tinh xde thUc, tinh hop ly vd cd cdn DHCL vd DHTT cO dung ddn cua cae ehinh sdch; ddng Cde trudng DHTT phdi dogc ddi xd thdi, chiu trdch nhidm trude cdng cdng bing vd binh ding nho cac ehung, trOde toan xd hoi vl cde quyet trodng DHCL vl mat nhdn thOe cflng dinh quin 1^ eua minh Vi du, ddi vdi nho mdt so' chinh sdch: vl dat dai, vl ehlnh sdch tdi chinh, Nhd nude can CO hdi hpe tap dd'i vdi mpi edng ddn; minh bach cM tidu ngdn sdch bao ddm quyln tham cdc dd'u thiu nhd nude eho cde trodng DHCL, ding cung dng dich vu Nhd node ddt hang; sinh vidn vd giing vign d hai thdi, g i n vdi edng khai kiem dinh loai hinh trodng ndy diu doge binh ehd't lugng de ed co sd ddnh gid, so ding vide hodng cde hinh thOe sdnh vdi ede trudng DHTT - eo sd h&a tdi trg eua Nhd node nho: nghidn cdu nho dogc Nhd node hS trg gi khoa hpc, ddo tao, bdi dudng d Cflng ein cdng khai kd't qui so sdnh, nude vd ngoai nudc Ddng thdi, phii ddnh gid v i trinh dd eua dpi ngu bdo ddm vide tdi trg eua Nhd nUdc giing vidn vd eae dilu Mgn bao dam mang tinh phue Igi giao due vd tin chit lugng ddo tao eua ede co sd dgng Uu dai eho sinh vidn DHCL tuong quan so sdnh vdi Thu tu, bao dim tinh edng khai, ede CO sd DHTT Trdn ed sd dd de minh bach: day Id nguydn tic quan hoach dinh cdc chlnh sdch hgp ly hon trpng boat dpng quan ly hanh n h i m bao d i m su cdng bing, binh chinh nha nude, ddi hdi cdc co quan ding gifla D H C L ' va DHTT Ddng nhd nudc, ede td chde vd ede don vi thdi, Nha node c i n xdy dgng chinh xdy dgng, ban hdnh vd td chOc sdch bdo ddm quyln tg ehu thUe sU thge hidn cMnh sdch phai tid'n hdnh cua ede trodng DHTT vd kdm theo d6 cdng khai; bdo dam cdng bing, ddn Id ydu eiu vl trdch nhidm giii trinh Thii ndm, bao d i m hai hoa loi ich chu theo quy dinh eua phdp ludt Cdng khai, minh bach cd vai trd to cua cdc dd'i tugng tham gia phat triln Idn, gdp p h i n xdy dung mdt ndn DHTT: qua trinh Mnh va phdt hdnh chlnh Mdu qui, ngdn clidn sg triln trudng DHTT thdi gian qua eho tidn thuc tM quyln luc, bail thay, ngudn Ige cua xa hpi da diu tit chd tinh trang quan lidu,' tham eho GDDH r i t Idn va cdn r i t nMlu nhung, sdch nhiiu hoat ddng tilm nang Tuy nMen, tde ddng hanh ehinh nhd nudc, tao diiu kidn cua cd che thi trudng, vd'n dl loi thuan Igi eho ede td chiie, cong ddn nhudn tham gia diu to thudiig thuc Men cde quyln co ban eua minh duge cdc nhd gdp vdn coi nhit Nhu vdy, boat dpng quan ly day, trudng DHTT khdng phii Id 60 TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUOC - S d 223 (8/2014) NGHIEN CifU - TRAO DOI mpt doanh ngMep binh thudng ma Id mdt don vi boat ddng liy gido due ngudi lam mue tidu phue vu Trong kM mue tigu cua doanh ngMgp Id Igi nhudn td'i da thi ban c h i t trudng DHTT lai khdng phai vi Igi nhuan td'i da md cin hudng dd'n tao sdn pham smh vien td't ngMdp ddp Ong nhu ciu xa hpi Cd thd cd mdt sd khdu quan ly nhd trodng gidng vdi quan ly doanh nghiep nhdng khdng vi thd' ma eoi nhd trudng nhu doanh nghigp Mdt khdc, n i n Mnh te thi trodng, cung va ciu cua thi trodng ddng vai trd n i n t i n g phdt tridn, phan phdi vd sd dung cdc ngudn Igc xd hdi Quan diem cM pM cgc tiiu va dat Igi leh td'i da ed vl phoong dien ca nhdn vd xd hpi dogc liy 1dm thodc cho vide tlnh todn, xem xet Iga chpn vd doa quyd't dinh diu tU mdt nganh, nghi hay Unh vUe dao tao cu thd nao dd; va bd tiln diu tu ngudi ta hay ngM dd'n Igi nhudn thu duge Tuy nhign, diu tu cho giao due la diu tu eho tuong lai, eho phat tridn, diu tU vao dieh vu hang hoa dae Met ndn trudc he't phai chu trpng ddn c h i t lugng vd Mdu qua ciia s i n pham tao cung nhu quan tdm dg'n tinh chat pM Igi nhudn cua nd C i n quan triet tu todng vige hoach dinh chlnh saeh phat trien DHTT Nha node hoach dinh cMnh sach va sd dung edng cu chinh saeh d i tac ddng, can tMdp vao qua trinh vdn ddng eua he thd'ng trodng DHTT n h i m loai bd hodc ban ehd nhflng i n h hudng xd'u cua eo chd' thi trudng; bio ve Igi ich hai hda cho ede dd'i tugng tham gia vdo DHTT vd Igi ich xa hdi cua trudng DHTT, ddng thdi tao mdi trudng canh tranh Idnh manh eho cdc trudng DHTT phdt triin Vide hodn thidn cMnh sdch cua Nhd nudc n h i m phdt tridn trudng DHTT phai bao dim bdi hod Igi ich khong cH cua nhd diu tu hay ngUdi gdp vdn md Id Igi leh cua sinh vidn; Igi ich cua cdn bp, nhan vidn vd giang vign; Igi ich Idu ddi cua trudng; Igi leh dd'i vdi xd hdi - tde la san p h i m cua trudng DHTT tao phai dap dng nhu eiu va ydu eiu eua xd hdi Dd dat duge dilu dd, chinh sdch eua Nhd nudc trodc hdt phai the Men Id phoong tien khuydn kMch, ho trg eho he thd'ng trudng DHTT phdt trien hdi hod todn dien, can ddi cung he thdng GDDH; phai cd nhilng Men phap d i thu hut cac p h i n Mnh te tham gia phdt tridn trudng DHTT vd sg phdt tridn dd duge thda nhan mdt edeh tu nMgn, tdn trpng cdc Igi ich vd bao dam dia vi phdp ly binh ding nhu cdc trudng DHCLli Tdi lifu tham kkdo: Nghi quydt H6i ngiii Ian thd Ban Chap hanh Trung UOng khod XI (Nglii quyet sd 29-NQ/TW ngdy 04/11/2013) vl ddi mdi cdn ban, toan dien gido due va dao tao Nghi quydt sd 05/2D05/NQ-CP ngdy 18/4/2005 vi diy manh xa hpi hod cdc hoat dong giao due, y td, vdn hod va thi due th^ thao Nghi quydt sd 14/2005/NQ-CP 02/11/2005 vd ddi mdi co bdn va toan dien GDBH Vidt Nam giai doan 2006 - 2020 Hiep hoi cdc tnfdng dai hpc, cao ding ngoai cdng lap Vidt Nam Hgi nghi ddnh gid 20 ndm hoat ddng cda gido due dai hoc ngodi cdng lap Ha Ndi, 26/9/2013 TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUdC - SO 223 (8/2014) 61 ... 14/2005/NQ-CP 02/11/2005 vd ddi mdi co bdn va toan dien GDBH Vidt Nam giai doan 2006 - 2020 Hiep hoi cdc tnfdng dai hpc, cao ding ngoai cdng lap Vidt Nam Hgi nghi ddnh gid 20 ndm hoat ddng cda gido due dai... thO Ban C h i p hanh Trung uong khoa XI d l ra: c i n ddi mdi can bdn vd todn dien gido due Vigt Nam theo hudng chuin hod Men dai hod, xa hdi hod, dan chu hod vd hdi nhdp qud''c te; tid''p tuc k... ridng tOng giai doan phu hgp vdi chu trudng ddi mdi can b i n va toan dien he thd''ng GDDH Viet Nam Nha nude phai Mem soat chat chd cae dilu Men bio d i m e h i t lugng cua trudng DHTT vd cd co