Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SS 62 nam 2014 MOT SO NHAN XET VE BO SACH QUOC N G C C A P I CUA HAN QUOC CHO MYEONG SOOK'''' TOM TAT Viec khdo sdt chuang trinh (CT) Sdch gido khoa (SGK) Quoc ngir cdp J Hdn[.]
SS 62 nam 2014 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM MOT SO NHAN XET VE BO SACH QUOC N G C C A P I CUA HAN QUOC CHO MYEONG SOOK' TOM TAT Viec khdo sdt chuang trinh (CT) Sdch gido khoa (SGK) Quoc ngir cdp J Hdn Qudc gdn vdi nhirng ldn thay doi a cdp vi mo cUng nhu vi mo, bdi viet giai thieu mpt each khdi qudt cdc muc tieu gido due, triet li gido due cung nhu tdm gido due ciia Hdn Qudc qua mpt so giai dogn chinh Tir khda: sach giao khoa Quoc ngir cap I, chucmg trinh, giao due Han Quoc ABSTRACT Remarks about the Korean Language textbooks for elementary schools The survey of the syllabi of the Korean Language textbooks for elementary schools is connected to changes in macro and micro levels This paper provides an overview of the Korean educational goals, educational philosophy as well as the educational focus through several main phases Keywords: Korean Language textbooks for elementary schools, syllabus, Education in Korea D^n nhap Hien ca nuoc Viet Nam dSu huong su chu y vao viec doi moi can ban va toan dien nen giao due qu6c gia Trong b6i canh do, viec tim hilu h? thong giao due cua mot so nuac tien ti6n noi chung, khao sat mot s6 v&i de cu th8 noi rieng, de tir nit mot s6 bai hgc kinh nghiem de ggi y vi mot each tilp can SGK va xa hon la trijn khai CT giao due noi chung, giao due ban ngO noi rieng, eo mgt y nghia rat quan trgng Xet tren nhiSu phuang dien, CT giao due, nhat la giao due o ph6 thong Han Quoc khong chi dugc mgt s6 nuoc khu vuc ma ca mgt s6 nuac CO truyen thong giao due lau dai it chau Au cung danh gia rat tieh cue Giao due tieu hgc la n6n tang can ban giiip cho hgc sinh mgt mat trau d6i tiSng me de, mat khac day la nhiing nam diu tien thu nhan tri thiic nSn, v jy djy cai gi, day nhu thS nao, hiln nhien khong phai la chuyen dan gian, ca viSc phan lap he th6ng phan bo ngi dung eQng CO gia tri tham khao Bai viit khao sat mot s6 djc diem lien quan den CT, ngi dung, each triSn khai giang day SGK Qu6c ngu cip I a Han Qu6c Qua trinh cai tiln chirong trinh sach giao Idioa cua Han Qu6c Tii 1954 din nay, Han Qu6c da trai qua lin thay d6i CT SGK tim vi mo Lin gin day nhit la nam 2009 Do \i chua ke den nhung chinh sua, ling vdi timg giai doan cu t h i Nhu vay, viec thay doi CT SGK la ehuyen binh thuong, vin de TS, Trung tam H4n Quoc hoc, Tri^d^ng Oai hoc Su pham TPHCM 52 Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Id quy mo thay doi vd thay ddi nhu thS nao Qud trinh cdi tiln tuc Id qud trinh diSu chinh dh phdt tridn ciia CT SGK Thong qua qua trinh cdi tien nhieu lan, CT SGK mon Qu6c ngu cung ddn ddn tro thdnh h? thdng tucmg d6i 6n dinh Mac dii CO sy: n6 lyre lau ddi vd su dong gop ciia nhiSu chuyen gia 6.h eai tiln CT SGK nhung vin nhilu dilm bdt d6ng chua dugc gidi quyet on thoa Vi vay, nhd nuac Hdn Quoc du tinh se tiep tue cai tien theo huong tien tien va hien dai Theo ljch sii van bdn phdp lenh cua CTSGK (thM gian) Tien cong bo CT (1946-1954) CT lan thii (1954-1963) CT lin thii (1963-1973) Cho Myeong Sook Hdn Quoc, lan dau tien thuat ngu "Chuong trinh sdch^gido khoa" dugc sir dung Lenh 35 - Bg Van giao (Bg Gido duc)\ 20-4-1954, sau cong b6 CT lan thu 7, CT thucmg xuyen cdi tien timg phdn, timg bg phdn, thdm chi timg mon cho nen khong ghi so thii tu va bat ddu ghi ndm (nien do) sua lai tung phan Duoi day Id qud trinh ban hanh CT SGK (chu yeu de cap cdp I) ciia Hdn Quoc (nhihig chu in d^m, nghieng la bieu thj su^ mot phan cua CT SGK) Phdn chi tiet xem a phu lue So Lenh Hang muc chinh giang day va hpc (CT coi giao dye Qu6c ng&) L?nh 35 -1954, Bo Van giao L?nh tieu chuan phan chia so tiet hgc ciia cap 1,11, 111 va truong su pham Lfnh 44 -19S4, Bp Van gido, sira CT cap I, mon Dgo due Lfnh 119-1963, Bo Van giao Linh 251 -1969 sira mdn Bao dire CT lan thil (1973-1981) CT lan thii (1981-1987) CT lan thil (1987-1992) CT lan thii (1992-1997) CT lan thii (1997-2007) L?nh 310-1973, Bp Van giao Lfnh 424 -1979, Bp Van giao CTcipI Ngay ban hanh Thoi gian ap dyng (ciia trinmg cap 1) 01-9-1946 01-9-1946 20-4-1954 01-8-1955 15-02-1963 04-9-1968 14-02-1973 01-3-1979 Lenh 442-1981, Bp Van giao 31-12-1981 Lfnh 9/89-1987, Bp Van giao 30-6-1987 L?nh 16-1992, Bp Giao due 30-9-1992 Lpnh 7-1995, Bp Gido due cdi tien mdn tieng Anh 01-11-1995 L?nh 15-1997, Bp Giao due 30-12-1997 Lpnh 75-2006, Sp Gido due va 29-8-2006 1954 01-8-1955 01-3-1964-lop 1,2 01-3-1965-lop 3,4 01-3-1966-lop 5,6 01-3-1970 01-3-1973-lop 1,2,3 01-3-1974-lop 4,5,6 01-3-1979 01-3-1982- lop 1,2,3 01-3-1083-lop 4,5,6 01-3-1989-lop 1,2,3 01-3-1990-lorp 4,5,6 01-3-1989-ldp 1,2 01-3-1990-lop 3,4 01-3-1997-lop 5,6 1997-2000 01-3-2000-lop 1,2 01-3-2001-lop 3,4 01-3-2002-ldp 5,6 (2009-2011) 53 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM CT nam 2007 (2007-2009) So 62 nam 2014 Ngudn nhan lire, cdi tien mon Todn va TiensAnh cua cap I Lenh 79-2007 Bp Giao due va Ngu6n nhan luc, CT cip I 28-02-2007 Lenh 41-2009 Bp Giao due va Khoa hpc KT thuat 23-12-2009 Lenh 24-2010 sua lgi mon Xa hpi Linh 361-2011 Tieng Viet dugc cong nhan nhu mpt ngoai ngii thii a cip in, bien soan CT SGK CT nam 2009 (2011-2013) 09-8-2011 Linh 3-2012, siia CT mon Qudc ngir, lap mii CT tiing Hdn 21-3-2012 Lenh 14-2012, sira lai mpt phin CTcip I, II, III 09-07-2012 Link 31- 2012, sira Igi mpt phan Lenh 7-2013 nhdn manh gido due lich sir Theo thong bao eOa Bg Giao due Han Qudc ban hanh thang 11 nam 2011, CT thay sach theo hinh thirc eu3n chiSu, vi du nam 2013 cip I, thay sach lop va Idp 2, cip II thay sach ldp 7, cap III ehi thay sach Anh van a ldp 10 eii thi iin nam 2016, CT cai tito se hoan toan thay th^ cho CT truac dd Dang ehii y la, co mgt s6 mon hgc co thi chinh siia va thay thi rieng, ching han nhu mon Lieh sir Han Qudc d cip III dugc thay tir nam 2012 (xem phu luc) Tren ca sd mgt CT ldn cd tfnh vi mo, thudng img vai mgt thdi doan tren dudi 10 nam, vai nhimg chiSn luge giao due khai quat cho ca giao due phd thdng, ngudi ta cd th8 diiu chinh bing nhung CT nhd theo nhimg muc tieu khae Chang han, vin tren nin tang CT thay ddi 54 12-5-2010 13-12-2012 28-12-2013 01-3-2009- ldp 1,2 01-3-2010-Idp 3,4 01-3-2011-ldp 5,6 01-3-2011-lop 1,2 01-3-2012-lop 3,4 01-3-2013- lop 5,6 01-3-2011 01-3-2013-lip 1,2 01-3-2014-lip 3,4 01-3-2015-Idp 5,6 01-3-2013- lip 1,2 01-3-2014-Idp 3,4 01-3-2015- lip 5,6 01-3-2013- lip 1,2 01-3-2014-lip 3,4 01-3-2015- lip 5,6 01-3-2013-lip 1,2 01-3-2014-lip 3,4 01-3-2015-Idp 5,6 01-3-2014 lan (1997), a tiiu hge, niu nhu trudc day tir Idp din ldp ed din ba cudn sach ren luyen kl nang: (i) Dge hiiu, (ii) Viit, (iii) Ndi va Nghe thi CT eai tiin lin ehi cdn cd hai va thdng nhit cho ca cip I, gdm (i) Nghe, Ndi, Viit va (ii) Dpc hieu Tuang tir niu nhu trude day, vin tren mo hinh (Tiiu hge, cip I), (cip II) va (cip III), tinh phan ting d tiiu hge d mdi ldp la rit rd thi nay, CT tiiu hgc sip xip ba tiiu he thing: ldp va 2, ldp va 4, ldp va ldp vdi myc tieu va ngi dtmg dugc djnh hudng rd hon Nhan xet 3.1 Tim hiiu CT ndi chimg, mgt bg SGK cua mgt cap ldp ma khdng dugc soi rgi tir muc tieu cua cip ldp dd, hiin nhien mgi nhan xet se phiin dien HSy chit y den cac mue tieu va trgng diim sau: Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM (i)Dinh hudmg vd phdt triln cd tinh, huong den nhiing eong ddn truang thdnh mot cdcb todn di|n Cu thi: Tr6n co so nhOng ndng lire co bdn, phdt huy tinh sdng tao thong qua thi dua hpc tap; Suy nghT vd hdnh d6ng dge l^p tren ca sa nh&ng hieu biet da dgng vl cdc he gid trj khac nhau; Hoa nhap dugc v6i cgng ddng, co tinh thdn chia se va quan tdm din nguoi khac, la d?i sii giao tilp vai thi gidi (ii) Trgng diem: Hinh thdnh cho hgc sinh nhiing thoi quen, nhiing loi song cdn bdn, boi duQng nhung kT nang thiet yeu cuge song vd hgc tap Cu the: Phat trien hai hoa the chat vd tam tri thong qua kinh nghiem hgc t^p phong phli vl nhilu linh vyc; Boi duang ndng lire nhdn thiic vd gidi quyet nhGng vdn de co bdn CU0C song vd hgc tap, tu nang len thdnh nhiing trai nghi?m bo ich cho tuong lai; Hilu bilt truyin thong vdn hoa ddn tgc, tu dd hinh thdnh thdi diing thudng thiic nhiing gid trj vdn hoa; Mieu ta da dang kinh nghiem vd suy nghT cua ban than, tu hinh thdnh thdi hgp tac, chia se vd cam thong vdi ngudi khdc 3.2 Ve toan bg CT, ngi dung SGK cd may ddc dilm ddng chii y: (i)De cao tieng me de, cd y thiic gido dye ngon ngu tii rdt sdm, cd thi ndi tii ldp I; Chii y den diln ngon ndi vdi cdc chii dl nhu kinh nghiem; Chii y den kT ndng Ndi, Vilt, Cho Myeong Sook Nghe, Doc hieu; trudc ddy mdi Jd nang la mgt cudn saeh;'CT 2013 cd cdi.tiln, tich hgp rat phu hgp Tilng Hdn va kiln thiic vl cuge sdng gdn bd chdt che vdi (ii) Viec chia thdnh tieu nhdm (1&2, 3&4, 5&6) xuat phdt tir muc tieu vd ngi dung tri thiic cdn dat dugc, vi du ren luyen ve tu the cam biit, tu the ngdi, tu the ndi, sii dung ngon ngG ea thi, dieu chinh tdc ndi, ngu dieu, am lugng (iii) Phan biet rat ro ve mue tieu va ngi dung: Vi du ve ngi dung, ldp vd lap chii y ve phdt dm, moi quan he ve dm va chu (chu yeu cac trudng hgp cdu tnic dm tiet dan gidn); ldp vd chu y su thay ddi vd bien hda ngu dm cdu tnic dm tiet, nhdt Id ngu luu ket hgp am tiet vdi dm tiet; ldp vd ehii y ldm chu gigng ndi, ngu dieu tdc do, dm lugng theo ngG canh, ngi dung, mue dich (chu y hinh thGc ddng kich, each doc nhGng doan thoai the hien ca tinh nhan vat ma cdc em tham gia ldp) (iv) Cd sy uyen chuyen van dung CT: Tuy muc tieu eiia cac Idp 3, 4, 5, la g-an nhu gidng nhau, nhung muc dp ddi hdi cd khac nhau, vi du, nhan biet (cung cdp) mgt each dan 'gidn ve quoc ngG, su dung tuang ddi chudn muc qudc ngG, nhung giua cac ldp vd 3, va khdc (v) Chu y den myc tieu rieng, ngi dung rieng Khai thde cdc hinh thuc vua hgc vua choi, vi du ca hgc ki ciia ldp deu ed hinh thiic dge tha vd hat dong dao, nhung, chii y hinh thiic md phdng cac tieng keu cua lodi vat, nhu: Con ga nd 55 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM keu the nao/ Con chd jid keu the nao (vi) Khae vdi Viet Nam, CT tieu hge d Han Qudc cd cap ldp va duge chia nhdm nhu sau: - Nhdm 1, gdm Idp va Idp 2; - Nhdm 2, gdm Idp va Idp 4; - Nhom 3, gdm idp va Idp Viec phan nhdm nhu trinh bay ben tren, la cd ly vi CT cung nhu muc tieu Cin thay, CT phd thdng cd SS 62 nam 2014 nhdm Idn Va moi nhom nhu vay cd tinh ddc lap tuong ddi, cac mdn hgc cung vay, ddc lap nhung vin ndi ket hoac theo chu de hoac theo trinh tu bai hgc Rieng vi CT Qudc ngii cip I, tir viec chgn di tai, phan bd tri thiie nen, phuong phap giang day den viec phan chia cac tieu he thing deu la nhimg tham khao rit ed y nghla ddi vdi giao due ViSt Nam TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bp Giao due Han Qudc (2013), Sdch gido khoa cdp I, Nxb Bg Giao due Khoa hgc kl thuat cua Han Qudc Min Hyun Sik (chu bien) (2001), Nghien cim bdn thdo cdi tiin chuang trinh ciia mon Quoc ngii ndm 2011, Bp Giao due Khoa hgc ki thuat Han Qudc http://ncic.kice.re.kr/National Curriculum Information Center (Trung tdm thong tin chuang trinh gido khoa qudc gia) www.moe.go.kr http://classroom.re.kr/Teaching and Learning Center (trung tdm gidng dgy vd hoc tap) http://www kice.re.kr Ten cua Bp GiSo due Han Qu6e qua timg th« kl: Nam 1948, co tSn la B6 V5n giio (Sfta!), ngSy 27-121990 duae dii Bg Giao due (gcWaS), ngiy 29-01-2001 c6 ten moi IS Bp Gido due va NguSn nhSn luc ( & « AWSSBSi!), 29-02-2008 dSi thinh Bo Giao due vi Khoa hoe KT thuit (ltWW»e}Bai), 23-3-2013 ci ten gpi moi la Bo Giao due (ftWaS) Trong bai niy, chdng toi th6ng nh& gpi la B6 Giio due (Xem tiep trang 179} ... (i) Dge hiiu, (ii) Viit, (iii) Ndi va Nghe thi CT eai tiin lin ehi cdn cd hai va thdng nhit cho ca cip I, gdm (i) Nghe, Ndi, Viit va (ii) Dpc hieu Tuang tir niu nhu trude day, vin tren mo hinh... hinh (Tiiu hge, cip I) , (cip II) va (cip III), tinh phan ting d tiiu hge d mdi ldp la rit rd thi nay, CT tiiu hgc sip xip ba tiiu he thing: ldp va 2, ldp va 4, ldp va ldp vdi myc tieu va ngi dtmg... d ?i sii giao tilp vai thi gidi (ii) Trgng diem: Hinh thdnh cho hgc sinh nhiing thoi quen, nhiing loi song cdn bdn, boi duQng nhung kT nang thiet yeu cuge song vd hgc tap Cu the: Phat trien hai