sir NGHIEP V/l TIT TirdNG HO CHl MINH QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH VE GIAO DUC DAO TAO THANH NIEN TS NGUYEN QUANG LIEU Dgi hoc Quoc gia Hd Ndi Trong di ŝ n quan fliem cda Ho Clii Minh ve giao duc ffao t[.]
sir NGHIEP V/l TIT TirdNG HO CHl MINH QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH VE GIAO DUC - DAO TAO THANH NIEN TS NGUYEN QUANG LIEU Dgi hoc Quoc gia Hd Ndi Trong di s^n quanfliemcda Ho Clii Minh ve giao duc-ffao tao thanli nien, van de a bin va nffi bat nhat la quan diem giao due toan dien Trong Ho Chi Minh luon coi den di)c-tai va moi quan he giiila hai mat sU hoan thien nhan each ngUdi mdi Tren cO si nhihig chi dan cda Ngudi, bai viet tap trung lam ro ba noi dung ctf bin ve giao duc-dao tao nien: Giao due nang cao nhan thiilc ve the gidi quan khoa hoc; giao due dao diite each mang; giao due van hda, liy thuat va nghe nghiep Giao due the gidi quan khoa hoc cho nien la mot nhiiing Smb hifdng giao due XHCN C0 bin va quan The gioi quan khoa hoc cua moi nguoi khoing diln tu phat, ma tit yeu trai qua qua trinh gi.ao due, tiep nhan nhung kien Ihuc Idioa hoe v6 IhS gjoi quan Tu tuong each mang cua H6 Chi Minh va duong cich mang Nguoi chi nhu inOt lu6ng gio moi, co siic hip din manh me d6i voi nien va din tro tiianh h6ai bao, ly tuong cua nien Viet Nam Ly tuong cao dep ma H6 Chi Minh noi toi va ciing la dS giao due cho nien: Doc lap, tll va CNXH la phuong huong nhat de cung CO b&i vung nen dpc lap cua dan f^, bao dam cho moi nguoi cuoc s6ng eang im no, tudo, hanh phiic Ly tucmg doc Ijp, tu va CNXH da tro Ihanh nian tin, le s6ng ciia nhiSu lh6 he Ihanh nien Viet Nam H6 Chi Minh luon nhic nho chimg taphai jjao due cho Ihanh nien nhan thiic diing din va hiSu sau sac ting: Vi ly tuong eao dgi iy ma biet bao ehiSn sy cgng san, nguoi eon cua dan toe da hy sinh, bia bao lop Ihanh nien da len duong ehi&i diu Co giac M ngp ly tudng each mang, nidn m6i dam duong dupc sii menh ma E)ang va dan tpc giao Ho Chi Minh lu6n neu cao ly tuong va quy^ tam chien dSu cho su nghiep giai phong dan tgc va giai phong ngiroi, liy hanh phuc cila eon nguoi lam muc tieu eao nhit Nhung giac ngp vh ly tudng; khong phai chi dimg lai o viec nhan thiic, diSi qiH^^ trpng hon 14 co tinh thin hanh dfing kien qsjkmf thue hien ly tuong iy CU CO di vao hanh dpng cich mang, nien moi thS hien dupc su giac ng$ vS ly tuong eua minh va eiing tiifing qua hanh dong each mang ma bfii dudng them trinh dp giac ngo Dac biet coi giao due dao iitt cich mang cho nien nham giiip ho trd thinh ngudi chu xufng ding cAa dat nUAc va la ngifoii each mang chan chinh Ttong moi quan hfi "diic-lai" Ho Chi Minh coi dao diic la cai gfic ciia nguoi cich mang, la van de CO y ngh& quyfit dinh cua viec xay dung ngutii moi Khi noi vfi giao due dao diic cho hpc sinh nha truong, Hfi Chi Minh ehi rfi: 'Toi xem TAP CHiUCHSiif SANG 3-2016 chuong trinh giao due cho ddn hdt ldp 10, phin due due rit thidu sdt, chi cd mudi ddng"' Tai Hdi nghi tdng kdt phong trio thi dua "day tdt, hpc tdt" ciia nganh giio due phd thdng va su pham, thing 8-1963, Hd Chi Minh nhin manh: "Ndi dung giio due can chii trpng hon niia vd ddc duc'^, dd hdan thien nhan each ngudi nien XHCN Ngudi yen ciu nien phai thim nhuin tinh thin lim ehu nude nha va phai hpe tap trau ddi dao due cich mang, bdi vi: "Ciing nhu sdng tiii cd ngudn mdi cd nude, khdng cd ngudn thi sdng can Ciy phai cd gdc, khdng cd gdc thi eay heo Ngudi cieh mang phii ed dao diic, khdng cd dao due thi du tai gidi miy eQng khdng lanh dao dupe nhin din"^ E)ao due cich mang la n&i ting vimg chic dd flianh nien hdan thinh nhiem vu ve vang ciia minh, Trudc luc di xa, Ngudi can dan: '©ang cin phii cham Io gjao due dao due each mang cho hp, ( ^ tao hp thinh ngudi thua ke xay dung chii ngtaa xa hdi vira "hdng" vua "ehuy6n"* Khi ndi tdi giio due d ^ dutc cich mang, van dd quan trpng hang diu dirpc Hd Chi Minh quan tam la lim cho nien nhan thuc duge ring: Dao diic each mang la tuyet ddi trung vdi Td qudc, vdi Ding va hieu vdi nhan din Trung, hieu truyen thdng theo quan niem eua Nho giio chi bd hep pham vi het long thd vua, thd cha me bit ky ffleu kien nao Hd Chi Minh ding sir dung Idiai niem nay, nhimg dupc ning cao, phat tridn mang tinh giai c%) siu sic de giio due nien Ngudi ndi: 'Tuy Khdng Tut li phong kidn va txmg hpe fliuydt cua Khdng Tu ed nhidu diem khdng diing, song nhiing didu hay dd tM ehung ta nen hpc"^ Trung vdi nude, giio due nien cd tinh fliin yeu nude ndng nan, siu sic, dupc thd hien suy nghi v i hinh ddng hang Td qudc ludn gin hen vdi nhan din, yeu nude hay tnmg vdi nude la lam cho "din gjiu, nude m ^ " , mpt khii nifm het sure gan giii m i Hd Chi Minh d i neu hi rit sdm Trung vdi Dang, theo Ngudi la phii gjio due cho ni&i cd due tinh trung th\rc, th3ng Khi dupc giao bit ky viec ldn hay nhd dSu siic lam cin than, cd hieu qui v i phii bidt lam viec cd led, tranh viec cd hai cho Ding Ngudi cung ludn nhic nhd nien phii kmh trpng va yeu thuong cha me, song Ngudi md rdng pham vi chii hieu li hieu vdi nhan dan Hieu vdi dan, flieo Ngudi, la giao due nien biet yeu men nhin din, q i ^ trpng nhan din, hpe tap lam vipe, chien diu vi nhan dan Phai cham Io va bio ve lpi ich cua nhan dan, tich cue giup da nhin dan vugt qua khd Idiin cudc sdng Ddng flidi, dam diu hanh chdng lai mpi bieu hien sich nhieu nhan dan v i ludn dua vao nhan din di phit ddng phong traofliidua lao ddng sin xuit, lim cho nhin din phin khdi, tin tudng vio che dp XHCN Giio due dao (iic each mang ehoflianhnien, Hd Chi Minh rat chu trpng t ^ viec gjao due nhung diie tinh cao qi^ nhu: Cin, Idem, liem, ehinh, ehi cdng vd tu, nhung tic phong dep de nhu khiem tdn, gjan di E)d li tinh fliin lao dongtichcue, siSng ning, lim het sue minh, gan da, tao bao v i sarig tao; la diic tinh "tnmg fliinh, fliit thi, chinh true" ddi cdng v i ddi tu Trong budi le khai mac Tnidng Dai hoe Nhin din Viet Nam, ngiy 19-1-1955, Ngudi ndi: "Thanh men can phai chdng ^ m ly tu tu tu lpi, chi Io loi ich riei^ v i sinh hoatriengeua minh Ch&ig tam ly ham sung sudng va tranh khd ngpc Chdngflidixem khinh lao d&ig, nhit li lao dpng chin tay Chdng ludi bidng, xa xi Chdng cich sinh hoat uy mi Chdng kieu ngao, gia ddi, khoe khoang"* vi dd la nhiingflidixiu kim him chitienthu euaflianhnien Ngudi ein d ^ nisi: "Ludn ludn trau ddi dao diic each mang, Idiiem tdn va gian di Chdng kieu cang, tu man Chdng ling phi, xa hoa Thue hinh tu phe binh va phe binh n ^ e m ehinh, 1^ gii^ dd cungtidnbp'" Xuat phit hi nhung tn^en thdng quy biu cua din ^ ta, nhiing phim chit eao quy ciia nhin din 19 StTNGHllPVATtfTUdNGHOCHfMiNH ta v i vai ttd lanh dao ciia Ding, Ngudi nhic nhd phai giio due nien cd nhan fliiic diing v i tin tudng sau sac vio su lanh dao eua Dang, lire lugng va tti tue t ^ the eiia nhan dan Neu khdng ed su linh dao eiia Dang, su cham Io ciia tap the v i nhin dan thiflianhnien khdng the trudng fliinh duge Hd Chi Minh ndi:'T)ao diic each mang la hda minh vdi quin chiing mdt khdi, tin quan ehung, hieu quin ehiing, ling nghe y kien cua quin ehiing"* Trong mdi quan he gjiia ea nhan va x i hdi, Hd Chi Minh ddi hdi nien phii tu hdi minh da lam gj eho nude nha, chii khdng phai hdi nude nha da eho minh nhiing gj Hd Chi Minh da nhidu lin nghiem khic phe binh nhiing bieu hien eua chu nghia c i nhan nierL Tgi Dai hdi dai bidu toan qudc lin thii IE Doan Thanh nien Lao ddng Viet Nam, Ngudi chi ro: "Chii nghia ci nhin li viec gj ciing ehi Io cho lgi ich ciia minh, Ididng quan tam d&i lgi ich chung ciia t ^ flid "Mien la nmih beo, Alien giy" Nd li me de tit ci mgi tinh hu, net xiu, nhu: ludi bieng, suy bi, kieu cang, ken eira, nhut nhat, ling phi, fliam d Nd la ke fliu ac cua dao diic cich mang, chix nghia xi hdi"' Giio due dao diic cich mang cho ni6n, Hd Chi Minh khdng ndi nhtmg di§u cao xa, chung ehung, cung khdng ddng y cich giio due ddng khung ttong su tu tam, dudng tinh di tim thiy sir yen dn eua ea nhin Dao due cieh mang phii till hienttxmghinh dpng, chi ed hanh ddng each mang, tiianh niSn mdi tiid hien gia tri dao diic eua minh "Ngudi ed dao diic li ngudi bidt ren luyen tai nang va khdng dupc phep ngdi yen ben canh ddng tiiic lich su cudn cudn chay xidt, nhu in si ngdi ttong Mp nga Ngudi cd dao diic la ngudi y tinic dugc rd rang minh cin phai lam gi va mmh se di ddn daa Dd la sir nghiep to ldn cua ca tipfli8,ci dan tdc va ndi rdng li ci nhan loai, ma mdi ngudi phii fliiy cho het vi tti cua minh vi hanh ddng h§t minh eho su nghiep chung cua dan tdc va nhan loai"'" 20 Giao due dao dire cho tiianh men phai coi la nhiem vu fliudng xuyen, quan ttgng Diing nhu Ngudi da ehi ro: "dao dire cich mang khdng phai ttdnttjdisa xudng Nd diu ttanh, ren % e n bin bi hang ma phat ttien va Cling CO Ciing nhu ngoc cang mai cing sang, vang eang hryen ding ttong"'' Giao due nang cao trinh van hoa, ky thuat va nghe nghiep cho nien Hd Chi Minh rit ehii ttpng den viec hoc ^ phin diu vuon len ciia mdi nien Mian ky niem 20 nam Cach mang Thing Tam, Ngudi giii thu can dan nien nude ta phii "ra siic hpc t|p ning cao trinh dp chinh tti, van hda, khoa hoc, ia fliuit v i quin sir de cdng hien ngiy cang nhiiu cho Td qudc, eho nhan din"'^ Ngudi chi ro: lim ngh^ gi Cling phii hpc, muc dich cua vice hpe khdng § khac hon de ning eao nang luc, lam cho kinh i phit ttien, chien diu thing lgi, dai sdng nhan d§n cang am no, tuoi vui Mpttix)ngnhiing ndi dung ve gjao due van hoa, ky tiiuit dupc Ngudi dd c ^ li bdi dudng nang cao cic mdn khoa hpe ta nhien (Toan, Ly, Hda, Sink ), cie mdn khoa hpe xa hpi (Van, Tiing Viet, Sii; E)ia ) Ngudi ndi; 'Tmdc kia, fliuc din Phip C6D eai tti nude ta, ed nhiing trifliiic^^et Nam rit fli6ng thudc lich su, dia ly v i cac chuyen thin thoai cua nude Phip, cua Hy L ^ va La Ma Nhung h^ den cic vi anh li td tien, dng cha minh, Mi ddn dia ly nude minh tW mii tif''^ Tu thirc ta do, Hd Chi Minh ludn cham Io gi^ diic tiuyin thdng dan tde va tti^in flidng each mang cho flianh nien Trong ttnyen thdng quy bai eiia dan toe, Hd Chi Minh die biet di eao gjao due tmyea thdng yeu nude, tinh thin 'Ididng cd ^ quy hon ddc lap tti do" Ngudi ndi: "Dan ta cd mdt long ndng nan yeu nude Dd la mdt tti^^ flidng qi^ bau cua ta Tu xua din nay, mdi Td qudc bi xam ling, flii tirfli fliin iy lai sdi ndi, nd kit mg( TAP CHf UCH S0SANG 3-2016 J! lan sdng vd eiing manh me, to Idn, nd hrdt qua mpi su nguy hiem khd khan, nd nhin chim tit ci lu ban nude va lii cudp nude"'^ N^idi nhic nhd flianh nien phai bidt on v i ghi rflid cdng lao ciia cae anh dan ^ , vi cie vi ay la tieu biiu eiia mdt din tdc anh htmg eang cao nhiem vu cua each mang "Neu khdng chiu khd hgc flii khdng tien bd dupe Khdng tien bp Ii tiioii bp X i hdi cing di tdi, cdng viec eang nhiiu, may mdc eang tinh xao Minh ma khdng chiu hpe tiii lac hau, m i lac hiu li bi dio thai, ttr rainh dio thai rainh"'^ Trong tien tiinh each mang, Hd Chi Minh rit coi tt^rng g i ^ dueflianhnien truyen thdng doan kit dan ^ , doan kit giOa cae tiiinh phin dan toe sdng ttdn ^nhflioViet Nam Ngudi da diic kitflianhmdt quy hiit cua lich sii: Doan kit li siic manh vd djch ciia chung ta 'Soan kit, doan kit, dai doan k i t Thinh cdng, tiianh cdng, dai flianh cdng!"'^ "Nude Viet Nam la mot, dan tec Viet Nam li mdf "^ '©dng bao Kinh hay Thd, Mudng hay Min, Gia Rai hay E De, Xe Dang hay Ba Na v i cic dan tdc fliieu sd khie, deu la chiu Met Nam, deu li aifli em mpt flut Chiing ta sdng chit cd nhau, sudng khd cimg nhau, no ddi gjiip Sdng ed flic can, niii cd flie mdn, nhung Idng doan ket ciia chiing ta khdng bao gid giam bdt"'' Trong sudt cugc ddi hoat ddng eich mang, Hd Chi Minh da danh nhieu flidi gian, cdng siic chim Io giio due, dao tao nien Ngudi ludn dinh gja dung din vi tti, vai trd cua flianh nien su nghiep each mang Chinh su nhin nhin dd, Ngudi eho rang Dang, Nha nude va eac td chiic x i hdi cin phai quan tam cham Io gjio due dao tao hp thaifli nhiing ngudi viia "hdng" vira "chuyen" Nhung dieu N ^ d i day viia mang tinh each mang, khoa hgc vua fliim dugm ttr ttidng ttiet Iy nhin van hit siic siu sac Quan diem g j ^ due toan dien cua Hd Chi Minh li co sd de Dang, Nha nude cd chien lupc giio due - dio taotiianhnienttxjngttieky XXI, djnh hudng de the heflianhnien 'S^et Nam phat huy nang lire ndi sinh gdp phan tiiue hiai fliing Igi su nghiep CNH, I © H , vi muc tieu din giiu, nude manh, din ehu, cdng l ^ g , van minh Trong cdng cudc diuti:anhbio ve va xiy dung dit nude, sy can cu, chiu khd lao ddng v i hgc t ^ Ii yeu ciu rit canfliietd mdiflianhnien Trong Idii do, Ididng it nien ludi lao ddng va hoc t ^ , m i chi mudn hudng thu Vi vay, cin gjao due, bdi dudng cho nien ed dugc diic tinh lao ddng can cu, chiu Idid, tinh thin hieu hgc, de hp tham gia va hdan flianh tdt nhiem vu dit nude gjao phd Hd Chi Minh eho ring, hpc bay gid so vdi hgc dudi chi fliuc din phong kiin khic hin Bay gid hpe d i yeu Td qudc, yeu nhan dan, yeu lao dpng, yeu khoa hgc, yeu dao diic Nhiing gi tiii vdi quyen lgi eua Td qude, eiia nhin din, trii vdi khoa hpe thi ehiing ta kien quyit chdng lai Hgc de phung su Td qude, phung sir nhin dan, lam eho din gjiu, nude manh, hie la de lira tron nhiem vu ngirdi chu cua nude nha Vl viy, flianh nien ein phii siic hgc tap, de nang eao hieu biit, dip iing n ^ y l./JSai7Mi/iS(a7n^aQ/afebCTQG,H,1995,T8,0:105 IS^T.4,6:451 3.ii6Oi(A^3tm&?7.NxbCTQG,H,2011,T5, t292 4,13,15.S^T 15,1612,CTI,628 S.HOOBMT^ Viv&iShoclcp,WoSl,Y\, 1977,tE22 6,7, IZffiCfe'A^ Kegai9(i*::/?CTi/i «^1^5tb Thanh nien, H 198a tc 133,376,376 8,ll./i5OB'A&*K»i4j,>bd)CrQG,H,2011,TlI,tn 609,612 9.5a^T 13,0:90 \0.1^MlTKlf.Tl{tlByngH6Chi^Ml\edtx}dLlc,^i^C^i^, H, 1996, tt 144 H,//d C7n A ^ TcOT 1^, Njdi CTQG, H, 2011, T 7, ti: 38 16.SiiT14,tn321 17.5aj;T4,t:249 \^S^T 12,tt333 91 ... Chi Minh ndi:''T)ao diic each mang la hda minh vdi quin chiing mdt khdi, tin quan ehung, hieu quin ehiing, ling nghe y kien cua quin ehiing"* Trong mdi quan he gjiia ea nhan va x i hdi, Hd Chi Minh. .. hdi vira "hdng" vua "ehuy6n"* Khi ndi tdi giio due d ^ dutc cich mang, van dd quan trpng hang diu dirpc Hd Chi Minh quan tam la lim cho nien nhan thuc duge ring: Dao diic each mang la tuyet ddi... nhan va x i hdi, Hd Chi Minh ddi hdi nien phii tu hdi minh da lam gj eho nude nha, chii khdng phai hdi nude nha da eho minh nhiing gj Hd Chi Minh da nhidu lin nghiem khic phe binh nhiing bieu hien