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'' I ^5 eel S6 6-2016 D a i / l l i f f a J t W " ' ^ ^ GIAO DUC a Nl/dC NGOAI Liiipiningvao HE THONG VAN BANG CUA VUONG QUOC ANH jTkbiB ThS.NGUYlNTHIHAO-LlHATwiW'^ij Vi|n Khoa hgc Gilo dye Vi|t Nam? ,T I.DATVANDg Chi^ hide Phdt triin GD 2011-2020 cfla ntfdc ta xde djnh rd myc tieu phdt tiien G D den nam 202011: "nin GD nUdc ta dUdc doi mdi cdn bdn vd todn diin theo hUdng chudn hoa, hiin dgi hda, xd hdi hda, ddn chd hda vd hdi nhgp qude tf'K Nghifin ctfu vi he tiidng v l n bang (VB) qudc ti 11 mdt t r o i ^ nhfliig cP s de tien hanh ddi chilu v l n b l n g cfla Vi|t Nam phtf h p p vdi xu t h e qude tl VtfOng qudc A n h 11 mpt t r o i ^ nhflng ntfdc phat trien cfla e h l u Au, tiiu hflt sd Itfpng Idn d u hpc sinh Viet N a m sang hgc Vl the nghien ctfu he thdng van blng cfla VflPng qudc Anh nhfl mpt d i l n hinh cua chau Au la vile lam can thilt tiong lp trinh cdng nhgn tflong dflflng van b l i ^ cua Viet Nam vdi cdc ntfdc chau A u HE THONG GlAO DUC VUONG QUOC ANH Theo tai li|u cfla U l ^ S C O (Worid Data on Education, VH Edu.2010/11), h | thdng gjlo dye cfla VflOng qudc Anh (nflde Anh xfl Wales, Bac Allen) hien bao gom: GD mam non: dlnh cho tri em dfldi tudi, ttf nguy|n v i miln phi GD tilu hoc: bat dau tre tudi mdt sd trtfdng chap nhgn tire tuoi, gdm giai doan: then chdt (Idp va 2,5 - tudi); then ehdt (ldp - 6,7-11 hidi) Da sd elc trfldng tilu hgc cdi^ dflpc tiiinh tap vl tii iFp hoin loin bdi chinh quyln dja phflpi^ GD t r u i ^ hpc dinh cho HS tfl 19-11 tudi, mien phi, gdm cd giai dogn: tiien chdt (tfl Idp den Idp gpi Ii GD THCS, ttf hidi 11 din 14) v i tiien chdt (ldp 10 vl 11, gpi la GD THPT, tfl tudi 14 din 16) GD bit bupc dinh eho HS tfl 6-16 tudi GD blc ba: bao gdm cao dli^, DH thac si vl tiln si HE THONG V A N BANG VUONG QUOC ANH -Giao due chinh quy Giao due tilu h o c Tre trdi qua ky danh gil hole tudi trfldc bfldc vio tieu hpc {Basdine accessment d xtf Wales Bac Ireland; Foundation stage profile d Anh), khdng dip chdng chi (CC), kit qui dflpc thdng bdo cho phy huynh, GD THCS: HS trfldng cdng Igp phli tirii qua mdt ky thi vao cudi cdc giai dogn tiien chdt- National Curriculum Assessment (Anh vi xtf Wales); Northern Ireland Curriculum Assessment ( Blc Ai-Ien) nhflng cac ky tiii diu khdng cap CC - Gilo due T r u i ^ hgc phd thdng Advanced Extension Award (AEA): chflng nhan ti^uih dg d l phan biet vdi d c HS cd General Certificate of Education Advanced level L Chiin lugc phdt trien GD 20n - Free-standing Matitematics Quaiification (FSMQ): CCvi\o^\^pa\i hgc cho nhtfng nigdiA tfl 16 tudi trd lln, ddi hdi phii cd 60 gidc§GV tn^c tilp gilng day v i dflgc dlnh gii thdng qua d c yeu lo nhtt^ %md^ip dlnh gil ngoai v i mgt sd yeu td khic dtfpc de n ^ bdi cic td difi^ J iigiliiliiflK ] elp bang General Certificate of Education Advanced level (A level, GCE Cer A level, A2): CC dc mdn don le trao cho HS 18 tudi hole hfln Tji j(j[ m hoantiianhGD phd tiidng 'S*??'^' Entry Level Certificate (Certificate of Achievement): cap cho HS fi^iior^ ttf 16 tudi h o i n t h i n h G D bat bude, nhulng HS dflpc cho 11 khlng 'MaiQiifa chac dflpc logi G C C tdt nghilp trung hge v l d p cho i^ifflXiitil'Ediijcos trfldng t h i n h tiiude h | G D d i n h cho ngflcri trfldng tiiinh I L flafer if General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE): CC mon LaBuiiiiKdici ddn le dflOc cap ngfldi hgc holn thlnh nam dau tien trong2£|j^{]u^[r nlm cfla GD phd thdng (2 nam cudi cung cua GD bat bupc) dS VitOSIkini! vdi ngfldi hgc dd tudi 15 -16 da ddp fli^ dflpc cdc tilu chu&' can thilt/ngtfdi trtfdi^ thanh/ngfldi hpc tre tudi cd n l i ^ li^ mf^t trgi GCSE dtfpc chfliig nhgn bdi elc cd quan c ^ blng ddc ISp va quy djnh chat lupng, chflong trinb bdi chinh quyen Hlu hit HS dii lay cac CC GCSE d mdn tilng Anh, toln hgc khoa hpc vl mpt so ISHUIWMIQ mdn hge khac iiiiiiiDiiliilB^ii I^y Skills Qualification: CC bao gdm d e ky nlng rilng bi^ ijuJ^opbciic giao tilp, tfng dyng cfla cdng nghl tbdng tin vl sd liia^ia[)\Tl' -Gilo dye sau THPT General Certificate of Education Advanced Subadiary levd ISiniijcap tton (GCE AS level, AS level): dfltfc d p v i o n l m dau tiln sau b l c hgc phd thdng, la tiln de cfla C C General Certificate oj JliJVmjioimik Education Advancedlevd ^iniiiiitovi General Certificate of Education Advanced Supplementary' Eximination (GCE AS examination: C C mdn dPn Ie m i hi^n t^ da dtfpc tiiay till bdi General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary level N d bao phu k h o i n g mdt ntfa cdc ngi dung ciia CC General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary level nhiii^ khdng cd cflng chilu slu kien tiiflc, quy tie dlnh gil, eham dilm vii' d c h lly dilm mdn hgc " ^till-4i - Gilo due Dgy nghl Advanced Vocationd Certificate of Education (AVCE, VC£ A level) (Vocational A level): CC n i y thay t h e cho VB chung Q u d c gia v l Dgy n g h l ( G N V Q - General National Vocation^ Qualification), d p cho ngfldi hgc d mpi lfla mdi CC nly hie" cd: 3,6 va 12 dfln vj hgc trinh dlnh gil dfla ti-en diem hgc tfen Idp, ddnh gil v i ngoai BTEC First Diploma: CC dtfpc tiiilt kl dl xdc nhgn tiinh dp li^n quan d i n n g h l n g h i | p chuyln m d n m m g mgt phgra vi e l c nganh, J j^^.diing "S dni •rI ^M]] 67 D a y w H j C sfi 6-2016 4p tmng vio Itiln thilc ling dwig v i MI hilu biet ve Bnh vtfc Cl) the iilijc nghien ciJu CC nky hijn dang dilijc cung cap bOiWexcel" Ill HU B r i C National Award: VB chi co ft mpt so linh vtfc chuySn mon, tap tnmg vao ngi dung i!ng dijng vJ stf hieu biet vc mpt Bnh vtfc Ctf thf, dtftfc de nghj bM EdcxceL NgtfM hpc (ngtfdi trS hay ngtfcli trtfftng thjnh) thtftag phM co sin mpt VB cap dp nhtf: Jj^J-j-.j,'BTEC First Diploma' 'BTEC National Awanf yeu cau don vi hpc l;j|r*''*tiiih BTEC Nattmat Certificats/Diploma bao gom 12 "^aVtvi 18 dcfn vi hpc trinh tuong tfng Moi don vi Ben quan 60 gift hpc glECNational Certificate: VB cft lien quan den BTEC National •filiii: Award nhtfng yeu can 12 dPn vj hpc trinh, ft cap trpng Khung trinh d$ quoc gia BTEC National Diploma: VB co Ben quan den BTEC National Award nhtfng yeu cau 18 dcfn vi hpc tririh cap trpng Khung trinh dp quoc gia City and Guilds Certificates and Diplomas; VB d^y ngh^ va nghe nghiep dtfpc cap bfti co quan Gly and Guilds ofLondon nhieu Knh vtfc, quy dinh bfti cac cft quan VB va chuong trinh quoc gia VB dtf pc cap cho ngtfftitr^ tuoi v i ngtfftitrtfdng thinh, dtfftc dl nghi bfti cac CO sft GD d^y nghe va cac n h i Cling cap dich Vtf dao IBO, 12s a m i , nhtfng mpt so VB ciing co san mpt vai trtfftng h p c London Chamber of Commerce and Indttstry Examinations r » t Board qualifications: CC Ben quan den kinh dpanh dtfftc thiet ke v i knm> cap bfti London Chamber of Commerce and Industry Examinations -"r.;r_Zi: Board (LCCIEB) bao g6m cac Knh vtfc nhtf tai chinh, quan tri, spiral marketing, ngftn ngii, cpng nghl thftng tin Cac CC niy htfftng H£Mjir: tfti nhiing ngtfftida hoan thinh GD bat bupc v i cho ngtf fti trtfftng thanh, dtf pc de nghi bfti cac to chtfc/co sftGDd^ynghevacicnhi cung c ^ dio tap National Vocaltomil Qualification (jn'QJ: CC nghe nghilp chuyen mon cho nhiing ngtffti tr^ v i trtfdng thinh da bo hpc toan r r l C i a l thfti gian, dtfpc cap bfti cic co quan cap bang dpc l^p va quy djnh bcfi cac CO quan cap VB va chtfdng trinh quoc gia, CC hien cp cap dO: trinh dp c3p cft ban Khung trinh dft quoc gia (NQF trinh d^ trung cap ttong NQF, trinh dp ning cao NQF cac cap trinhde caohftn) OCR Vocationally-Related Certificate: CC Ben quan d i n day nghe dtfa tren dOn v| tin chi dtfftc cap bfti OCR" va d i dtftfc phe duyit bfti cac cd quan VB va chtfdng trinh giang day co liln quan CC dtfpc de nghj cap dp dau (xem Entry Level Certificate) va cac cap ttf - cila Khung trinh dp Quoc gia (NQF), thich hpp chp ngtffti tre da hpin thinh GD bSt bupc (16 tudi) va ngtffti trtfftng Part One General National Vocational Qual^icaHon (Part One jHf ,*' ^0 !*«' -mit ddn vi cSf iang vli CC ddc lip d Anh nhUng tbt CC ding dc AacU diu dia mdSngGD Kinh doanh vH Cong mdte (the Business and Technology Education Council), mot hai cd quan cap hang da sdp nh^p il too Edexcel vdo ndm 199o OCR dudc thdnh ldp nhu Id mdt kit qud ciia viSc sdp nhdp cua nhieu tS chiic cdp bang OCR Id kt hieu dai diSn cho cdc cha cdi diing fli^ ^^'^ ^ ' '^^ ^' ^^°^'^ Cambridge vd the Royal f .^gf/^ts.T^n ddy da til ldu khong cdn duoc sil dung GNVQ): VB dflgc d p kit tiiflc mgt khda hgc dgy nghl nam dflgc tiiilt ke cho nhflng ngfldi tixing dd tudi 14 -16, tiong mgt^sd Iflpng ldn cac linh vflc nghl nghilp d elp dd: Foundation (Sd d p ) vl Intermediate (Trung d p ) Technical Certificate): CC niy se dflpc hpp nhat cflng vdi National Vocational Qual^cations - NVQs (Trinh dp nghl nghilp qudc gia, dfla tren ndi^ lfle) tiiinh cac chflpng tiinh dio tgo Modem Apprenticeship (cho ngfldi hpc tiong dp tudi tfl 16 - 24) -Gilo dye bgc ba Bachelors degree (BA, Bed, BMBS, BSc): VB dau tiln dflpc tiao cho nhfli^ SV hoan thinh mpt khda hgc thfldng keo dli nam trfl mdt sd nginh dgc tiiu (y khoa ky tiiu|t), dflpc phan tiiinh VB thudc cap dp Intermediate level (trung d p ) Bang cfl nhln danh di^ tiifldng phan loai ^rst upper second, lower second, and Mrd class vi se dflpc ggi 11 Honours levd ( d p danh dfl) Bang tot nghilp tiifldng ghi rd ten ca sd dio tao, nglnh/cdc nglnh da hgc, bao Iau, vl xep loai d l dat dflpc Bang cfl nhln cho phlp SV tham gia thj trfldng lao dpng/GD bgc ba blc cao hOn Certificate of Hi^ier Education (+) (CertHE): CC tiiupc tiinh dp GD blc dflpc e% cho nhflng d nhln holn thdnh mdt khda hgc ngan (thfldng keo dli nam toan thdi gjan, hogc nam hgc bin thdi gian) vl mgt Hnh vflc chuyen nginh hogc nghl nghilp cu till D^lomao/HigftCT-£dwatfionW(DipHE);VB/tiTnhdgGDbac dflgc cap cho i ^ M hoin thlnh ragt khda hgc ngan ban (thfldng li nlm toin thdi gian, mac du mgt s6 td chfle dl nghj khda hgc nam) Trinh dg tflO:^ dflOng vdi nam diu cfla chfloi^ hinh DH ddu tien Foundation degree (+) (FD): cap cho nhflng ngfldi hoin thiiJi mgt khda hpc ngan hgn (thfldng kio ddi nam hgc toin thdi gian, hole nhieu hon nlu bdn tfidi gian) tiifldng tiong cac linh vflc nghe nghilp Graduate Certificate/Diploma: dlnh cho mgt chuyen i^inh, d p cho SV dl cd rapt bai^ cfl nhln UTing mdt nginh khac v i tiiam gia thim mdt nganh, thdi gian tdi thilu chilm 1/3 vi Graduate Diplomas li it nhat 3/2 nlm hpc Hi^er National Certificate (+) (HNC): CC C3p cho SV hoin mdt khda hgc ngan hgn (tiifldng li nam bdn thdi gian) linh vflc nghe nghiep bdi Edexcel Foundation d Anh xfl Wales, Bac Ai-len Hi^r National Diploma (+) (HND): cip cho SV sau hoin mgt khda hoc ngan hgn (thfldng keo dii nlm toan thdi gian) bdi Edexcel Foundation Dlnh gil SV dflpc xlc djnh bdi cle td chfle ca nhln phfl hpp vdi tilu chi dlnh gil vi chat Iflpng dflgc dlt bdi Edexcel; nd cd the bao gdm ragt sfl kit hgp gifla cac ki thi, dlnh gil Hen tuc va luin In tdt nghiep Masters degree (MA, MB, MBA, MEng MPhil, MSc, LLM): CC thfl d p cho ngfldi hgc dl hoin nam toan thdi gian hole nam bin thdi gian nghien cflu chuyln nginh, tiiam gia cac khda hgc dflgc giing dgy, lim nghiln eflu cd nhan hogc kit hgp tlt c i Cac VB dflgc dgt ten tfly theo linh vflc nghien cflu Cd logi bang thac si: thfl nhlt II thgc si i ^ l n cflu vd thac si chi hgc tich luy kiln thflc, thi lay diem Pos^aduate CertifiaUe/Diploma (+): dflpc c ^ sau hoin tiiinh mpt khda hgc cfla GD bae tiifldng tix)ng mgt linh vi;c 68 ^ ehuyen nginh, thfldng keo dii nlm nlu hge toin thdi gian hogc hgc nlm bdn thdi gian theo co sd cac lien quan CIc khda hpc Diploma thfldng cd mdt d p dd cao hcfn so vdi cdc khda hgc de d p Certificate Trinh tfl ddnh gid cap cP sd dinh ra, nhflng cd thl bao gdm thi viet, danh gia lien tuc, mdt tieu luan md rgng, lugn dn tdt nghilp hole ragt sfl kit hgp cua tat ca cac hinh thflc tien Trinh dflgc edng nhgn dl tiep tye hge GD bgc vi tiong mgt sd tifldng hgp cd the dan den mpt sfl cdng nhgn chuyen nghilp Ten cfla trinh dg niy dflpc cho phep tham chieu din cle linh vflc nghiln cflu cd lien quan Doctorate: Bang elp eho nhflng ngfldi dl holn mgt lugn dn sau nam, ddnh gia dfla tren lugn dn hogc sdn phlm khac dl dflpc cdng bd Tien si la d p dp cao nhat cfla tilnh dp chuyln mdn theo khung trinh dp mdi vl dflpc phln logi 11 "Doctoral level '(D) Cdc blng tien si thfldng cd cym tilu di "Doctoral of " - Gido due cho ngflfli trfldng thlnh National Adult Literacy and Numeracy Qualifications: VB cdng nhln khd nang dpc vilt va lira todn cho ngfldi trfldng da rdi khdi ghe nha trfldng m l khdng dat dflpc nhiitng trinh dp cp bdn Dya tiln cac tilu chuan qudc gia, VB niy dflpc tiao d ba c ^ dp: cap CO ban (xem Entry Level Certificate), d p dg vl cap dg "National Aduh Literacy and Numeracy Qualifications" dflgc cdng nhgn bdi cac cp quan d p bang va chflong timh giang dgy, cac VB niy dflpc d p bdi cdc co quan d p bang dpc lap Vile dlnh gil dfla tiln cac bii Idlm tia d d p dp vl Tgi d p dd eo bin, dlnh gil chi bao gdm viec sfl gidra sdt ngfldi hoc Cac VB niy cd ghi ten cua co quan cap bang, ddi tflpng trhib dd (dge vilt va lira todn) vi cap dg cfla VB OOI CHIEU H | THONG VAN B A N G CUA VUONG QUOC ANH VOI CHUXN PHAN LOAI QUOC IE VE GIAO DUC 4.1 Chulnphlnloaiqudctevlgiaodvic Chuan phan logi qudc t l ve gido due (International standard classification of education - ISCED) dflpc hilu: Li vln bin td chfle UNESCO chju trdeh nhi|m bien sogn, sfla ddi va cgp nhgt, dilcSc chap nhgn bdi cac td ehflc qudc te v l cac nfldc vien cua UNESCO; Dflgc thilt kl nhfl mdt cdng cy phuc vu eho viec thu thgp, sflu tam, dfla cdc chi sd v i thdng kl GD; Bao gdm nhflng khii ni|m, djnh nghia vi phflOng thflc phin logi theo cdc tilu chuin nhlt djnh ISCED bao gdra cd GD chinh quy, GD khdng chinh quy va nhflng van bang chflng chi GD dflpc cdng nhln chinh thflc; Dflpc dp dpng trln toin the gidi, vdi myc dich phdn logi, so sinh, phan tich cae dfl lieu GD Cho din nay, chuan phan loai qudc t l da cd tlt cl philn ban: phien ban nam 1976, 1997 vd 2011 ISCED 2011 la phien ban mdi nhat, tiiy nhiln cho den ISCED 1997 van dang II phien bin dflpc sfl dung phd biln hon Hiln tai, cac qudc gia tren the gidi dang tien hanh ddi chilu h | thdng giao dye va h | thdng van blng cua qudc gia minh vdi bang phln logi n i y Vi thl, ehflng tdi k l thfla phan ddi chilu h | thdng vln blng cfla Rumani vdi Chuan phan Iogi qudc t l v l giao dye nam 1997 Glossary ddi chieu h | thdng giao due chau Au Chuan phln loai qudc tl ve gido due nlml997 dflpc chinh thflc tiidng qua hdi nghi cfla td chfle UNESCO dflpc td ehflc vio thing 11 nam 1997 \ ^ n ban niy dflpc cdng bd rgng rai trln website eua td ehflc UNESCO tgi dia chi: http://www.uis,UNESCO.org/Library/Documents/ isced-97en.pdf S6 6-2016 D&ljvaEQC il- Ngi dung chinh cfla tflng d p dg nhfl sau: /s - Cdp O: Gido due tiin Tiiu hgc (pre-primary education); | ' ' ' ' " " ^ ( Chflpng trinh gidi thi^u nhflng hieu biet co ban vl mdi tniflng j giao dgc cho tri em Tilu chi chinh d l phln logi chflflng t r i ^ ^ ' giao dye: Dilu ki|n cua n h i trfldng hogc trung tam gido dye; ' Chflpng trinh gido dye dinh cho tri tfl tudi trd len Tilu chiM sung: trinh dp ddi ngu - Cap Gido due Tiiu hoc hay^ai dogn thd nhdt cua GDai bdn (primary education or first stage of basic education): Chflong trinh nham ky nlng dgc, vilt, llm toln, hilu biet cd ban vl cac mdn hgc khde Tieu chf chinh d l phln logi chflpng trinh giao dye: Bat dau hpc mdt clch h | thdng cac ndi dung cfla giao due tieu hpc: dpc, vilt, lim todn - Cdp dd Gido dgc Trung hgc bgc thdp hay giai dogn tH hai ciia GD c