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y j NGHIEN Cdu Li LUAN MOT SO BIEN PHAP PHAT HIEN VA BOI DlTdNG HOC SINH GIOI MON HOA HOC (f TRlTdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG CAO Cir GIAC TnlAng Bai hoc Vinh Email caocuglacvinhhunl@gmall com NGUYIN XUAN[.]
y j NGHIEN Cdu Li LUAN MOT SO BIEN PHAP PHAT HIEN VA BOI DlTdNG HOC SINH GIOI MON HOA HOC (f TRlTdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG CAO Cir GIAC - TnlAng Bai hoc Vinh Email: caocuglacvinhhunl@gmall.com N G U Y I N XUAN N I N H - Tniilng THPT SJm Son, Tinh Thanh Wn Email: xuanninh7377@gmail.com Tdm tdt: Hdu nhu tdt cd cdc nUde deu coi vdn de ddo tao vd boi dudng hoc smh gioi ehien luaephdt tnen chuang trinh gido due thdng Nhdng pham ehdt vd ndng luc tUduy md hpe sinh gioi Hda hoc cdn cd Id: Ndng luc tie thu kien thdc; Ndng lue suy ludn logic; Ndng lUc dac biet; Ndng lUc lao ddng sdng tao; Ndng lue kiem chdng, Ndng luc ti hdnh Dua vdo cdc ndng lue ddc trUng cua hocsinh gioi mdn Hda dephdt hien ede em ed tdi ndng vd dam me mon Hoc hoc, tddd dexudt cdc bien phdp phu hap deboi dudng hoc sinh gidi dephdt trien vd ddp dng tdi ndng eua ho Tttkhoa: Trudng trung hpc thdng: mdn Hda hoc; hoc sinh gidi (Nhdn bdi 08/3/2016, Nhdn ket qud phdnbienvd chinh sda ngdy 04/8/2016; Duyet ddng ngdy 27/12/2016) Oat van de Tren the gidi, viec phat hien va bdi dudng hoc sinh (HS) gidi da cd tU Iau Trung Qudc, tQ ddi nha DQdng, nhQng tr^ em cd tai dae biet duoc mdi den sdn Rdng de hoc tdp vd dupe gido due (GD) bdng nhQng hinh thQc dac biet, Trong tdc pham phuong Tay, Plato da neu ien cac hinh thQc GD dae biet eho HS gidi d chau Au, sudt thdi Phuc Hung, nhdng ngudi cd tai nang ve nghe thudt, kien trQc, van hpe,.,, deu duoc nha nude va cae td chQc cd nhan bdo tro, giup dd Dau tien la hinh thQc GD linh hoat tai trudng St.Public Schools Louis ndm 1868 Sau dd, Ian lucrt la cac trudng Woburn, N\k nam 1884, Elizabet, NJ nam 1886 vd d Cambridge, MA nam 1891 TrQdng St Louis td dd da cho phep HS gidi hpc ehaong trinh sau nam vong bdn nam Den nam 1920, hai phan ba phd Idn eua Hoa Ki da thuc hien chuong trinh GD HS gidi Trong sudt the ki XX, HS gidi da trd mdt van de eua nude M l Hang loat cac to chQc va eac trung tam nghien cQu, bdi dUdng HS gidi ddi nhu (Viensa (nam 1946), The American Association for Gifted (nam 1953), The Department of Education Publishe- A Case for Developing America's Talen (nam 1993) Nam 2002,38 bang eua IVIT cd dao luat ve GD HS gidi (Gifted & Talented Student Education Act), 28 bang cd the dap Qng day dii cho viec GD HS gidi [1 j , nude manh md hUng thinh, nguyen suy thi thenudcyk md thap hen Vi the, ede bdc de vuang thdnh mmh khong ddi ndo khong eoi viec gido due nhdn tdi, ken chpn kesi, vun nguyen qudc gia Idm cdng viee edn thiet " Den nam 1966, he thdng Trung hpe thdng (THPT) chuyen dUcJc lap ra, bat dau vdi nhQng Idp chuyen Todn tai cac trUdng dai hoc Idn ve khoa hoc co bdn sau dd cac trudng chuyen duac thiet lap rdng rai tai tat ca cae tinh thanh, Muc dich ban dau cua he thdng trudng chuyen nhU cae nha khoa hoc khdi xudng Le Van Thiem, Hoang Tuy, Ta Quang BQu, Nguy NhQ KonTum,, mong dai la nai phdt trien cae tdi nang dac biet xuat s3c cdc linh vQc khoa hpc co ban Trong thdi ki dau cua he thdng tradng chuyen, chi mdi hinh mdt vai Idp thdng chuyen tai cae trudng dai hpc, muc tieu ndy da duoc theo sat vd dat duoc tUu phan Idn cac HS chuyen Toan tiep tue theo dudi ede linh vQe Todn hoc Vat li, Tin hoe (may tinh),,,, NhQng HS chuyen thdi kl hien dang nam giQ cae vi tri lanh dao ehu ehdt tai cac trudng dai hoe Idn, ede vien nghien cQu cua Viet Nam va nhieu nudc khac cung nhu nhQng ed nhan tieu bieu nhat eua nen khoa hoe nudc nha, Tuy nhien, cdng viec phdt hien va bdi dudng HS gidi ndi chung va HS gidi Hda hoc ndi rieng d trudng THPT Viet Nam dang gap nhieu khd khan vi chua cd nhQng nghien cQu day dii Trong pham VI bai bao nay, ehung tdi se de xuat quy trinh to chQc bdi dadng HS gidi mdn Hda hoe cung nhu mdt so bien phap phat hien vd bdi dadng HS gidi ed hieu qua tradng THPT hien Viet Nam, ndm Hdng DQc thQ 15 (1484), Than Nhdn Trung cung cac quan bd le khac tien hanh viet eac bai van bia de khac vao cae bia tien si dau tien ciia Viet Nam Than Nhan Trung duoc giao soan bai van bia cho bia tien si dau tien khoa Nham Tuat (1442) Khi viet ve NhuTng pham chat va nang lUctUduy cua mot muc dieh eac khoa thi nho hoc, bai va{\ bia hpc sinh gidi Hod hpc Than Nhan Trung da neu bat duoc tam quan eua Theo cac tai lieu ve If luan va phuang phap day hoc GD nhan tai ddi vdi viee hUng thinh cua dat nUdc " H;en Hda hoc, nhQng pham chat va nang luc (NL) tu ma tai la nguyen eiia quoc gia nguyen thinh thi the HS gidi Hda hoc can cd la: NL tiep thu kien thde; NLsuy • KHOA HOC GIAO DOC NGHIEN Cmj LI LUAN I qudn tnet de thdng sudt chu trUOng chinh sach cua Ddng va Nha nudc ve cdng tac bdi dudng nhdn tdi Odng thdi, can xdy dUng sU hieu biet cua cac bdc phu huynh HS ve cdng tac bdi dudng nhan tdi thdng qua cae sinh hoat chinh tn, van ddng tuyen truyen, tuyen dUOng tich 3.2 Xdy dung ke hoach boi dudng hpc sinh gidi mon Hda hpc Viec xay dung ke hoach bdi dudng mdn Hda hoc cho HS gidi la khau quan Nd la kim chi nam de hoat ddng bdi dudng HS gidi Hda hpc di dQng budng NhQ vdy, pham chat mdt HS gidi Hda hoe bao gdm, theo chuang trinh Ke hoach can the hien rd mdt sd vdn - Trung thuc, khach quan hoe tap va thuc de n h U: hanh Hda hoc, Hda hoc la khoa hoc thuc nghiem, dd, Mue tieu cua ke hoach: Tuy theo dieu kien thQc te cac sd lieu thi nghiem can phdi xd li trung thQc va khaeh de xdy dung muc tieu eua ke hoach quan Thdi gian thUc hien- Trong sudt thdi gian cua nam - Kien tn, than va sang tao gap nhQng tinh hoc, Tuy nhien, tren thuc te day hoc d ede trUdng thi ehi hudng khd hoe tap cung nhQ qua trinh thUc d trudng chuyen, viec bdi dudng HS gidi mdi dUOc thUe hanh thi nghiem NhQng luc thuc nghiem that bai hay hien thudng xuyen lien tue, ede trUdng THPT khdng khdng phu hop vdi li thuyet ddi hdi HS phdi kien tri tim chuyen, thdng thudng ddi tuyen HS gidi dUOC bdi dudng nguyen nhdn va bien phdp kh3e phuc tQ 3-5 thang trade tham dU ki thi HS gidi cap tinh, Chuong trinh thUe hien: Tuy theo khdi Idp va dieu NL tu quan trpng can cd eua mdt HS gidi Hda hoc la' Cd kien thdc eo bdn vQng vang, sau sac, ed he kien thuc te ma xay chuong trinh thUc hien thdng de HS gidi Hoa hoc van dung linh hoat vao giai - Co sd vat ehdt thiet bj cd hen quan- Gido dn, tap quyet cac van de dat ra, biet ap dung "kien thQc cu"trong bai giang, sach gido khoa va cac tai lieu tham khdo khdc; cac "rinh hudng mdi"; Cd NL tu sang tao (biet phan He thdng de thi HS gidi cac khdi Idp, cae cap; Thiet bi, ti'ch tdng hop va so sanh, khai quat hda, cd kha nang sQ hda chat eiia phong thi nghiem; May chieu, may tinh, cae dung cdc phaong phdp phdn dodn mdi Quy nap, dien phan mem hda hoc Qng dung dich, ndi suy ]; Biet ket hop tdt cae ki nang thue hanh - Ndi dung bdi dudng, Tiiy theo khdi Idp, NL HS de vdi cdc phuong phap nghien cQu khoa hoc Hda hoe, NL xay dQng ndi dung bdi dUdng phu hop suy luan logic giup HS cd cai nhin bao qudt ve cae kha - Cac lUc luong GD tham gia: Ban giam hieu, hdi nang cd the xay ddi vdi mdt van de de cac em co each ddng GD nha trudng, to chQc chuyen mdn, GV giang giai quyet va lua chon phuong an giai quyet; Cd NL suy day bd mdn Hda hoc, GV dupe phan cdng phu trach ddi nghi ddc lap tu nhin thay van de va phat hien duoc van tuyen, Cac doan the (Doan nien, chi doan, hdi phu de, dat van de va gidi quyet van de, kiem tra va ddnh gia huynh,.,.), duoc each giai quyet eua ban thdn, phe phan cdch dat vd - Chi tieu ve sd iQong va chat luong can dat: Tiiy each giai quyet van de cua ngUdi khac, Co NL suy nghi theo NL cua HS va muc dieh phan dau cua nha trudng linh hoat, sang tao, phat hien duoc mdi lien he khang de xac dinh ehi tieu phu hap, cu the Sd HS dat HS gidi khit giua nhung sa kien da ed thuc nghiem, bai tap hoac thuc te sdn xuat, ddi sdng de tim phuang cap tinh, qudc gia va qudc te, Sd HS dat giai; Ti le % HS dat giai phap dung, hop li, ddc dao de giai quyet van de dat ra, 3.3 Phdt hien, tuyen chpn va boidudng hocsinh Nhu vdy, mdt HS hoc gidi Hoa hoc se nam duoc gioi mdn Hda hpc kien thdc co ban ve Hoa hoc mdt each chinh xac, hanh Day la qua trinh laudaiva lien tue, GV can phai phat dong ta giac- Hieu, nhd, van dung tdt nhung kien thdc hien, tuyen chon va bdi dudng HS tU Idp dau cdp hoe tap va ddi sdng, THPT (lap 10) Quy trinh vd bien phap td chifc bdi dUdng hpc a) Ddu hieu nhdn biet HS gidi Hoa hoc sinh gioi mdn Hda hpc - Ngon ngu hda hoc phat tnen cao hon so vdi HS 3.h Qudn triet nhan thdc tdm quan trpng cua cung Ida-Thich phat bieu va ddng gdp xay dung bai cdng tdc boi dUdng hoc sinh gidi ndi chung, mon Hoa - Doc nhieu va ed kha nang doe sach khdng danh hpc ndi rieng d trudng trung hpc thdng cho Ida tudi Vidu, HS thac mac vdi GV nhdng van de cao Day la mot bien phap dau tien vd cung quan ban ma em biet tu doe sach nhung chua hieu biet No quyet dmh viec to chUc bdi dUdng mdn Hoa hoc cho thau dao HS gidi di dung hUong va cd hieu qua Viec phat hien va - Ludn mudn tu giai quyet cdng viec rieng va de bdi dudng nhan tai la trach nhiem eua ca ba moi trudng dang dat toi ket qua cao HS hay tu lam them bdi tap, Gia dmh - Nha truang - Xa hoi thich lam thi nghiem., Ta; ca can bd, giao vien (GV) can duoe hoc tap va - Khdng bang Idng vOi ket qua va nhip dieu lam uan logic; NL dac biet; NL lao ddng sang tao; NL kiem :hQng;NL thue hanh [2] Mdt HS gidi Hda hoe edn: Cd kien thQc cO bdn tdt, ndm vQng kien thQc ca bdn mdt edeh sdu sdc, cd he thdng; Cd khd nang tQ tot va tinh sang tao cao.Trinh bdy va giai quyet van de mdt each linh hoat, rd rang, khoa hoe vd tdi Uu; Cd kha nang thUe hanh thi nghiem tdt: Hda hoe la khoa hpc vQa li thuyet vUa thUe nghiem, khdng the tach rdi li thuyet vdi thue nghiem, Phdi biet van dung li thuyet de dieu khien thUe nghiem, tQ dd, kiem tra vd hodn thien li thuyet Sdl35-THANei2/2tl16.39 and NGHIEN CilU Li LUAN tdng HS bdng nhieu phUong phdp vd nhieu tinh hudng Viec, mudn dat tdi sU hoan hao Tao nhieu tinh hudng ve If thuyet va thuc nghiem de - Quan tdm tdi nhieu van de ciia Hda hpc: Luc nao mQc dp tQ cua tdng HS, Ddc biet ddnh gia kha HS cung dat cdu hdi tai sao, thich tham gia cac dien dan nang van dung kien thQc mdt edeh tinh hoat, sdng tao Hda hpe tren mang, gidi eac de thi ve HS gidi Hda hpc,,,, - Soan thao va laa chon mdt sd bai tap dap Qng hai - Cd xu hudng tim ban ngang bang NL, thadng la yeu cau tren de phdt tnen HS cd NL trd thdnh HS gicn ban tudi Hda hoe -Tinh than trdch nhiem cao, trung thUc Thdng qua bdi kiem tra, GV ed the phdt hien HS giii b) To ehde phdt hien HS gidi Hda hoe Hda hoc theo cdc tieu chi: De phat hien duac nhQng ed nhdn hoc gidi, nha - MQc dd day du, rd rdng ve mat kien thQc; trudng va GV phu trdch thdng qua: - Tinh logic bai lam cua HS ddi vdi tQng yeu Hd so ea nhan HS (hoe ba): - Ket qua hoe tap mdn Hoa (ke ca cdc mdn khoa hoc cau cu the; - Tinh khoa hpc, chi tiet, ddc dao duoc the hien tu nhien) d bae Trung hpe ca sd (ddi vdi HS Idp 10), hoac bai lam cua HS; dndm hoe trade (ddi vdi HS Idp 11,12), -Tinh mdi, tinh sdng tao (nhQng de xuat mdi, nhOng - Cac kl thi HS gidi mdn Hda ma HS tham gia; HS gidi giai phap cd tinh mdi ve mat bdn chat, cdch gidi bai tap cap trudng, cap huyen, cap tinh hay ngdngpn,.); -Truyenthdnggia dinh, dnh hudng GDtQ gia dinh - MQc dd lam rd ndi dung ehu yeu phdi dat duoc cua Bieu hien cua HS cac hoat ddng GD chinh todn bai kiem tra; khda, ngoai khda: -Thdi gian hoan bdi kiem tra, - Cd kha ndng tu Toan hpe, kha nang quan sat c) Tuyen ehon HS gidi Hda hoe nhdn thQc van de nhanh ro rang - Viec tuyen chon can dua tren ehi tieu eu the ciia - Ludn hao hQng cae tiet hoe, nam bai mdi nhanh, tra Idi dQOc cac cdu hdi khd vd tU dat cac eau cdng tac bdi dQdng HS gidi mdn Hda hpc - Can td chQc thi chon loc qua vdi vdng loai de lUa hdi hay de tham gia thdo luan tren Idp, - Linh hdi va van dung tdt cac khai mem, dinh ludt chpn chinh xac ddi tQOng HS vdo bdi dudng, - GV can danh gid HS mdt cdch khach quan, chinh Hda hoe, Gidi eac bai toan hda hoc dung, nhanh va sdng tao Van dung thao cac phuang phdp giai bai tdp xac khdng ehi qua bai thi ma ed qua viec hoe tdp, boi va de xuat duoc cdc phuang phap giai mdi dudng hang ngay, - Tien hanh thi nghiem dQng trinh tQ, khoa hoe - Viec iQa chon dung khdng chi nang cao hieu qua Thao tac thi nghiem ro rang, dut khoaL kheo Ieo bdi dudng ma cdn tranh bd sdt HS gidi va khdng bi qua - Cac bai kiem tra, bai thi deu dat diem cao sUc ddi vdi nhQng em khdng ed td chat - Tham gia tich cUc va dat ket qua tdt cac budi ngoai d) Thdnh Idp doi tuyen khda Hda hoe, cac eude thi cua Cau lac bd Hda hpc Sau ed ket qua HS gidi cap tradng, quan nha trudng td chuc, cac bai thi tren cdc tap ehi chuyen (huyen), thdnh phd (tinh) hoac cap qude gia, chiing ta se mdn (Tap chi Hoa hoe Qng dung, Tap san nha trUdng) thdnh lap ddi tuyen chuan bi cho ki thi cap cao hon Doi Can cd vao cac tieu chi ve HS gidi Hda hoc da neu, tuyen thudng ed tQ - 10 em va dQOc tuyen chon cdng GV bdi dudng HS gidi can phai xac dmh dUoe khai dQa tren ket qua hoe tap va thi HS gidi ede cap Sau - Mde dd nSm vQng kien thQc, ki ndng mdt edeh day do, thdng bao eho phu huynh de ed ke hoach phdi hpp du, chmh xac cua HS so voi yeu cau cua chuang trinh giQa nhd trQdng vd gia dinh qua trinh bdi dUdng Hoa hoc phd thdng ddi tuyen, Ddi tuyen duoe lap tren co sd nang lUc - MQc dd tQ cua tQng HS, dac biet la danh gia chuyen mdn va hoan toan tu nguyen, duoc kha nang van dung kien thQc cua HS mdt each linh e) To chdc bdi dudng ddi tuyen hoat, sdng tao, (1) Ke hoach tdchUc bdi dQdng Trong qua tnnh day hoc Hda hoc, GV can: HS cdc Idp chuyen dUoc hoc theo chuong trinh - Lam rd mUe day dii chmh xac ciia kien thQc, ki Bd GD&DT bien soan Cae em dUOc hoc toan dien ve cac nang theo chuan kien thdc ki nang ciia chuong tnnh va mdn nhu cac HS tradng THPT khae, Tuy nhien, de tang sach giao khoa Mudn vay, can phai kiem tra HS d nhieu thai luong eho cac mdn chuyen, mdt sd mdn hoc khac phan eua chuong trinh, kiem tra ca kien thQc li thuyet, duoc sap xep giang day rut gon, hoc dii kien thdc bat tap va thuc hanh GV cd the linh hoat thay ddi mdt vai thdi gian ngan ban phan chuong trinh, nham mue dich kha ndng Sau hoe het hoc ki I eua Idp 10, GV phat hien tiep thu cua moi HS Idp Viec day hoc li thuyet la nhQng HS gidi cua Idp chuyen, tdeh cae HS theo mdt qua tnnh trang bi cho HS vdn kien thQc tdi thieu nhdm de day nang cao (phan cQng) tren eo sd moi phat hien duac NL sJn co Nhdm HS xuat sdc daoc bdi dadng them kien thirc, cua mdt vai HS thdng qua cac cau hdi eiing cd, nghien khuyen khich tu hoc, day nhanh qua trinh tich luy kien edu, cae lai phat bieu thuc de sang lop 11 cddii kien thde cua Idp 12 tham gia - Lam ro tnnh dd nhan thUc va mQc dd tu ciia thi HS gidi qude gia 12 40 • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC NBHieNCAlULUMU Nhdm thO: hai ducfc boi dudng dmi3c dd chclm hdn, chSc chSn Vci chuyen sau se tham gia thi HS gidi qudc gia cdc em sang hoc Idp 12 Vi^c b6i dtfomg HS gidi duoc chia giai doan: + Giai doan 1: Cuoi Id^ 10, hpc cdc kien ^urc ccf bdn, sau ci^a chuong trlnhTHPT ->- Giai doan 2: Bo! dUdng ndng cao tiep cdn vdi cdc v i n d^ cCia k) thi HS gidi qudc gia (2) Phuong phdp bdi dUdng - Hudng dan HS tU hoc, tU doc: DUa vao nhOng m^t manh cCia tCmg HS, GV cd t h i giao chuyen d^ cho tUng HS lam, sau dd trao doi vci cac ban khdc dpi -Vdi HS mdi vao Idp 10, GV can phdi gidi thieu tdi lieu cho HS tham khdo, hudng dan each doc sach theo tUng chuyen de {GV cho d^n y d l HS lam quen vdi v i ^ doc sdch v^ bilt cdch thu hoach nhurng v i n Qi nghidn cUu) - Sau m5i ndm hpc, nhUng HS ddi tuyen sSp x i p lai cdc chuyen de minh da hpc rdi nop vao thu vien cua trudng cho cdc khda sau tham khdo - Ldp ke hoach bdi dudng tUng tuan: Phan cdng GV gidng day tUng chuyen de, thdng nhat ndi dung kien thUc, kT ndng can ren luyen - Sau Idp dpi tuyen, phdi cd ke hoach bdi dudng mui nhpn, ndng mat b^ng chung cQa dpi tuyen Cd th^ m£n' cdc Ceic chuyen gia dau ngdnh v^ Hda hpc, ddc bi^t nhung ngudi cd kinh nghiem bdi dUdng HS gidi d cdc trudng chuySn, trufmg dai hpc, tham gia gidng day cdc chuyen de nang cao - Ra de kiem tra thudmg xuyen hang tuan 64 HS rfen kl ndng Idm bdi vd khd nang chju dp luc thi cCr Phdn cdng GV cham, chUa bdi nit kinh nghiem cho HS Hdng tuan, cd phan thudng khuyen khich nhijmg HS ed ket qud ldm bdi cao nhat - Sdng tpc dpi tuyen: Day Id khdu quan trpng ed tinh quylt dinh sU thdnh bai cua dpi tuyln Chu y: Phdn cdng GV cd kinh nghi&m bdi dUdng HS gidi sang Ipc ddi tUong HS, bi^n ch^ vdo cac ddi tuyen cdn cU vdo k i t qud hpc tdp bd mdn cOa ndm hoc trudc Dau vdo cCia cdc Idp 10 chuySn tai trudng ludn sdng Ipc that kl de chi chpn 25 -30 HS cd diem sd cao nhit theo hpc Idp bdi dudng Sir dung phuong phdp day hpe hpp li cho HS khdng cdm thay edng thdng, met mdi vd qud tdi Ddng thdi, HS phdt huy dupe tdi da tinh tich eUc, tfnh sang tao vd ndi luc tu hpe tiem an: Thuyet trinh, thdo ludn, tu hpc, ty nghien cQu, (3) Kfch thich ddng co hpe tap cQa HS Q4 vi&c bdi dudng HS gidi ed hieu qud, phdi ehu y tdi vi^c kich thich ddng ca hpc tap ciia HS tham gia vdo dpi tuyen HS gidi, GV day dpi tuyen HS gidi cd the tham khdo cdc d l xuat sau: Hodn thien nhQng yeu cau co bdn: -Tao mdi trUdng day - hoc phu hop; -Thudng xuyen quan tdm tdi ddi tuyen; - Giao ede nhiem vu vQa sUe eho HS vd lam cho cdc nhi&m vu dd trd n&n thi/c su cd ;? nghia vdi bdn than ngUcti hpc Xay dung nilm tin va nhCftig ki vong tich cue mdi HS: - Bat dau cdng vide hpc tdp, cdng v i ^ nghien cUu vUasufcddivdiHS; - Lam cho HS thiy muc tieu hoc tdp rd rang, cu the vd cd the dat tdi dUdc; -Thdng bdo cho HS ring NL hpc tdp cCia cac em cd the duoc nang cao hoac da dupe ndng cao Be nghj HS cdn cd ging hon nOa; - Lam cho HS tU nhan thdc dUpc Ipi tch, gid trj cua viec dupe chpn vdo ddi tuyen HS gidi; - Viec hpc ddi tuyin trd thdnh niem vui, niem vinh di^ - Tdc dung cOa phUdng phap hpc tdp, khdi lUpng kien thdc thu dUpc tham gia ddi tuyIn cd tac dung nhu the nao ddi vdi mdn Hda hpc d trSn Idp, cac mdn hpc khdc vd cupc sdng hSng ngay; - Gidi thich mdi lidn quan giCia vide hpc Hda hpc hien tai va viec hpc Hda hpc mai sau; - SU Uu di ciia gia dinh, nhd trudng, GV va phan thudng gianh cho cdc HS dat gidi, {4} Xdy d i ^ g chuong trinh Nhd trudng xdy dUng chuong trinh bdi dUdng mdn Hda hpc cho HS gidi Tr^n co sd dd, GV trUc tiep giang day xdy dung chuong trinh bdi dudng mdn Hda hpc dudi suchi dao vd gidm sdt cua hdi ddng GD nha trudng Hien nay, cd rit nhieu sdch nang cao va cac tai lieu tham khdo, internet song chuong trinh bdi dUdng chUa cd sdch hudng dan chi tiet, cu the tUng tilt, tQng buoi hpc nhu chuong trinh chinh khda Vi the, soan thdo chuong trinh bdi dUdng la mot viec ldm quan trpng va rat khd khdn n l u chdng ta khdng cd su tham khdo, tim tdi vd chpn Ipc tot GV c^n soan thdo ndi dung boi dUcmg dan ddt HS tQ kiln thdc co bdn cQa npi dung chuang trinh hpc chinh khda, tien dan tdi chuong trinh nang cao Can soan thdo chUong trinh theo vdng xody:TU co bdn tdi ndng cao, tQ don gidn tdi phUc tap Odng thdi phdi dn tap cung ed Soan thdo mdt tilt hpc bdi dudng mdn Hda hpc, gdm ed: Kiem tra, nhdn xet ket qud hpc tap d nha; Kien thQc can truyen dat (li thuyet, vf du td kiln thdc co bdn d i n nang cao); Bdi tap van dung;Tdng k i t vd giao nhiem vu hpc tap d nhd (bai tap ve nha luyen tdp them, taong tu bald tdp) Trong mot sd gid dn tdp, GV can giup HS tong hpp cac dang bdi, cdc phUOng phap gidi theo he thong vl hau hit cac em chua tU minh he thdng dupe ma ddi hdi phai cd sutro giup cCia GV Oilu can thiet Id GVcan dau tuthdi gian tham khdo nhieu tdi lieu d l due rut, soan thdo cd dpng ndi dung chuong trinh bdi dudng Can luu y rang: Tuy thudc vao thdi gian bdi dudng, khd nang tiep thu cQa HS ma lua chon mQc dp bdi khd vd tdng dang luyen tap nhieu hay it S0135-THANG12/Z01S*41 j NGHIEN COU LJ LUAN odi vdi tradng THPT chuyen, HS cac Idp chuyen duoc hpc theo chuong trinh Bd GD&OT bien soan, HS duae hoe toan dien ve cac mdn nhU cac HS trUdng THPT khdng chuyen khae Tuy nhien, de tang thdi lUOng eho cdc mdn chuyen, mdt sd mdn hpe khae duac xep gidng day rut gon, hoe du kien thQc thdi gian ng^n ban (5) Ndi dung bdi dudng GV can phai tong ket vd due rut nhO'ng ndi dung chinh ma cac bai thi HS gidi tinh va HS gidi qudc gia mdn Hda hpc thudng de cap de giup HS ed djnh hudng mdt each khai qudt.Vidu, Phan Hda dai cUOng: Cau tao nguyen tQ; Hda hoc hat nhan; Cau tao phan tQ va lien ket hda hoc; Nhiet ddng hda hoc (de cap tdi can bdng hda hoc); Ddng hda hoc (chu yeu eho vdng HS gidi tinh va HS gidi qudc gia); Dung dich va dung dich dien li; Phan Qng oxi hda khd; Oien hda (ve pin dien, dien phdn) Phan hda vd ca: Phdn Qng eua cac chat vd cO; Li thuyet phQe chat; Nhan biet cdc chat vd co; Mdt sd cae bai toan vdco, Phan hda hQu ca: Hda lap the chat hQu co (chu trong: cacbohidrat, peptit va protein); Cau true va tinh chat vat li; Cau triie va tinh chat axit - bazO; Nhan biet ede chat hQu CO, Phan Qng hQu ca va co che phan Qng; Xac dinhcau tao chat hQu CO (tQ tinh chat);Tong hap hQu CO (so dd), Mdt sd cac bai toan hdu eo, Tuy theo tQng giai doan cu the, tdng khdi Idp ma GV soan thdo ndi dung bdi dudng phu hop, Ndi dung day hoc gdm he thong li thuyet va he thdng bai tap tuong Qng Trong do, he thdng li thuyet phai dUOe bien soan day du, ngan gon, de hieu, bam sat yeu eau cua chuong trinh, soan thao, iQa chpn he thdng bai tap phong phu, da dang giup HS ndm vQng kien thQc, dao sau kien thQc, ren luyen kl nang va phat tnen tu (6) Hudng dan HS tu hoc va tdng ket Trong qua trinh bdi dUdng, GV yeu eau HS: Doc trude cac phan li thuyet co ban sach giao khoa, mdt sd tai lieu tham khao, tap hop li thuyet co ban de hd tra gidi quyet cae van de theo cae ehu diem lien quan Tiep tue xay dung cdc edu hdi vd bdi tap theo cat ndi dung li thuyet da hoe Giao cae bai tap nhd, bai tap Idn, bdi tap chuyen de eho ed nhan va nhdm HS TailieugiupHSgidi tQhpetdt nhatlavdeuacacHS gidi nam trade dUdc gid lai cho cac HS gidi nam sau Cat dethi Olympic, HS gidi tinh, qude gia, qude teva cac tai lieu chuyen khdo dac biet dUdc cac chuyen gia bit dudng HS gidi Hda hoc bien soan, GV hudng dan HS thu thap eac tai lieu qua nhieu kenh, tap chi hda hpc, hoa hoe Ung dung, internet,., Nhd do, GV da ren luyen cho HS y thQc va phuong phap tu hpe, tu nghien cUu, kha nangsang tao, tinh tuduy ddc lap Khuyen khich cdc em ddi tuyen doe va nghien cQu tai lieu hda hoc bang tieng Anh Tat ea HS gidi deu phai viet cae bai tdng ket Idn doi vdi eac kien thQc dd hpc dQdi sQ hadng dan eua GV HUis dd, mdi HS duoc ren luyen cdc khd ndng phan tich va tdng hop Nhieu HS ed the xay dUng duoc cae bai tap khd de budc dau ren luyen kha ndng sang tao Ket luan Phat hien HS gidi va td chUc bdi dudng HS gidi la hai khau quan trpng qud trinh day hoc Hda hoei trudng THPT ndi ehung va cac trudng chuyen ndi rieng, Dua vao eac NL dac trUng cua HS gidi mdn Hda de phai hien HS cd tai nang va dam me mdn Hda hoc, tQddde xuat cac bien phap phu hop de bdi dudng, Ndm vCing quy trinh va sQ dung ddng thdi eac bien phdp tren se nang cao chat luong HS gidi Hda hoc ede kl thi HS gidi qude gia va qudc te TAILIEUTHAMKHAO [1] CaoCUGiac, {2014), Boi duang hpe sinh gidi Hoa hpc [Giao tnnh dao tao sau dai hoc), NXB Dai hoc Vinh, [2], Nguyen Ngoc Quang - Nguyen Cuong - DUOng Xuan Trinh, (1982), ii Ludn day hoc Hod hoe, Tdp /, NXB Giao due Ha Ndi, [3] Nguyen Canh Toan - Nguyen Van Le - Chau An, (2005), Khai ddy tiem ndng sdng tao NXB Giao due Ha Ndi, MEASURES TO FIND OUT AND FOSTER CHEMISTRY GIFTED STUDENTS AT HIGH SCHOOLS Cao Cu Giac - Vinh University Bmaihcaocugiacvinhhuni@gmail.com Nguyen Xuan Ninh - Sam Son High School, Thanhhoa Province Email: xuanninh7377@gmail.com n^STr!: ' " ' " ° " f ° " " ' " « ''"P'^'^'^'d gifed students' tm,„,ng and fostering ,n strategy to develop general typical competences of Chemistry gifted students, we can find out their talent and passion for Chemistry then propos appropriate measures foster g.fted students to develop and meet the,, talent Chemistry, propose Keywords! High school Chemistry; gifted students • KHOA HOC BIAO DUC ... HS ve cdng tac bdi dudng nhan tdi thdng qua cae sinh hoat chinh tn, van ddng tuyen truyen, tuyen dUOng tich 3.2 Xdy dung ke hoach boi dudng hpc sinh gidi mon Hda hpc Viec xay dung ke hoach bdi... - Trung thuc, khach quan hoe tap va thuc de n h U: hanh Hda hoc, Hda hoc la khoa hoc thuc nghiem, dd, Mue tieu cua ke hoach: Tuy theo dieu kien thQc te cac sd lieu thi nghiem can phdi xd li trung. .. hoc sinh gioi mdn Hda hpc - Ngon ngu hda hoc phat tnen cao hon so vdi HS 3.h Qudn triet nhan thdc tdm quan trpng cua cung Ida-Thich phat bieu va ddng gdp xay dung bai cdng tdc boi dUdng hoc sinh