NGHIEN COU THUC TIEN GIAO DUC NGHIEN COU CHIEN LlTdC HOC CUA SINH VIEN 0 MOT SO TRirofNG CAO DANG VA DAI HOC TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH DANG TH! DIEU HIEN Tmilng Bai hoc So pham Ki Diual TP Hd Chi Minh[.]
NGHIEN COU THUC TIEN GIAO DUC NGHIEN COU CHIEN LlTdC HOC CUA SINH VIEN MOT SO TRirofNG CAO DANG VA DAI HOC TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH DANG TH! DIEU HIEN Tmilng Bai hoc So pham Ki Diual TP Hd Chi Minh Email: hieniltd@ricmiiie.edu.vn Tdm tdt: Chien luae hoe Id mdt cdc yeu td quan Idm ea sd dinh hudng, vaeh ke hoach tong qudt vd chi tiet giup sinh viin dat muc tiiu mong muon Chien lupc hoc duae suquan tdm ciia nhieu nhd nghiin cdu tren thegidi nhdm tim gidi phdp ndng cao chat luang hoc cua smh viin Tuy nhien, d Viet Nam, linh vUe ndy hdu nhuchUa duac quan tdm nghien cdu Bdi viet ndy trinh bdy co sd li ludn khdi qudt ve chien luac hoc ket qud nghien cdu ve thuc trang chien luac hoc; sUkhdc biet gida hi ddo tao, gidi tinh, ndm hoc ket qud hoc tdp vdi 12 chien luae hoc cu the cua smh viin 32 trudng eao dang vd dai hoe tai TP Ho Chi Minh Tttkhoa: Chien luac hoe; ehdt luang hpc, ket qud hoe tdp; eao ddng; dai hoe; TP Ho Chi Mmh (Nhdn bai ngdy 12/10/2016; Nfidn ket qud phdn bien va chinh sda ngdy 29/11/2016, Duyet ddng ngdy 27/12/2016) Dat van de Chien luac hoe (CLH) la nhQng suy nghi, hanh ddng hoc tap, chien thuat hay cac bade thuc hien eu the, cac ke hoach, cac thdi quen ma ngUdi hoe sQ dung phu hop vdi nhQng yeu cau hoc tap xuat hien de dat dQpc muc tieu hoc tap, CLH cd vai trd quan trong viec xac dmh muc tieu, each thQc tiep can viee hoc cung nhu la len ke hoaeh ve nhQng hoat ddng hpc tap de dat duoc mdt each tdt nhat mue tieu de ra, CLH da dUOc nhieu nha nghien cUu tren the gidi quan tam, Tuy nhien, tai Viet Nam, van de ehaa daoc cae nha nghien cUu va giao vien quan tam nhieu Do dd, nghien cUu nham danh gia ngudi hoc dac biet la sinh vien (SV] dang sQ dung cac CLH nao, d mQe dd sao, su khac biet ciia cac CLH vdi mdt sd yeu td nhugidi tinh, ket qua hoc tap, nam hoc, nhu the ndo la rat can thiet de dat ket qua hoe tap cao ndi rieng va muc tieu hoc tap ndi chung Motsdvande liluan ve chien luoc hpc 2.1 Khdi niem Thuat ngQ ehien luac (strategy) (CL) la ed ngudn goc tUquan ddi de chi tien trinh thi hanh ke hoach cua mdt chien dich quan su tren quy md Idn, Cac bUdc cu the viec thUc hien ke hoach dUoc goi la chien thuat Hieu mdt each tdng quat thuat ngQCLdecapden viec thUe hien cac chien thuat de hoan mdt cai gi dd Trong ITnh vQc giao due, thuat ngQ CLH (learning strategy) duoc nhieu tac gia de cap den, mdi tac gia cd each dmh nghia khac Theo Pask (1976) CLH la sU ket hop cua eac ki nang nhan thQc dien nhQng yeu cau hoc tap duac xuat hien Trong dd Snowman dinh nghla CLH la mdt chuoi cac hanh ddng de hoan viec hoc va nhQng bade cu the cac chuoi duoc goi la chien thuat hoc tap Anderson va Weinstem & Mayer (1985) phat bieu CLH la nhQng suy nghi va nhung hanh vi gdp phan len ke hoaeh td chac nhQng hanh dong hoc tap da duac thiet ke de dat muc tieu CLH daoc Wenden and Rubin (1987) md td nhU bat kl cac hoat ddng, eac buae, cac ke hoach, hay la cac thdi quen duoc ngudi hoc sQ dung nhu la dieu kien de dat duae, de luu giQ dupc, de goi nhd va de sQ dung thdng tin, Dua vao eac dinh nghla tren cd the hieu mdt each toan dien veCLH dd la sUnhan thQc, sQ suy nghi ve each thQc tiep can va tien hanh hoat ddng hoc, nhQng hanh ddng hoe tap, ehien thuat hay cac bade thUe hien cu the, cae ke hoach, eac thdi quen ma ngUdi hoc sQdung nhdng yeu eau hoc tap xuat hien de dat duoc mue tieu hoc tap, Nhung yeu eau hoetapcd thelayeucau lam tdt bai kiem tra, yeu cau phai cd ket qua cao hay yeu cau hoc de hinh nang luc nao dd, 2.2 Cdc biiu bien cua chien luac hpc Dua vao cac cdng trinh nghien cQu ve CLH eua Weistein (1986, 1988, 2016), Martin Tessmer va David Jonassen (1988), Pmtrich, Paul R (1991), Gargallo,Carolyn H, Hopper (2010), Jim Eison (2010), Ernesto Maearo (2001), Pezhman Zare (2012), Pask (1976), Anderson va Weinstem & Mayer (1985), Wenden and Rubin (1987) va mdt sd cdng trinh nghien cQu khac; ket qua cua nghien cQu tham do, su quan sat thQc te qua trinh day hoc cho thay cd rat nhieu CLH ma SV sQ dung hoc tap, mdi SV cd CL hoc tap rieng cua ban than Tuy nhien, sd cd nhom vdi 12 CLH cu the dUOc nhieu SV sil dung nham muc dich dat ket qua eao Cac CL daoc va ki hieu (KH) cua chung duoc md ta thong qua bieu hien sau Nhdm 1: Cac CLH lien quan den viec sQ dung vd phdt huy cdc yeu td noi lUc cd nhan de tao ddng lUc hoc tap nh^mdatketqud (KH: Nhom 1).Cac CLH chuyeusQdungvaphat huy nhQng yeu td thudc ve thdi quen, nhan thdc va ddng co ben cua ca nhan, de dat ket qua, daoc the hien qua CLH cu the sau -CL sddung va phdt huy ddng CO hoc tdp (KH 1} SV phat huy su yeu thich, thu, sU ham mudn hoc tap SO 135-THANG / - ^ NGHIEN CUU THI/C TIEN GIAO DUG hay m e m d a m m e hoc t a p cua m i n h de dat ket qua ket qua t d t nhat - CL k\en tri hoc tdp ,KH J,2I- SV sd d u n g s u b e n chi de hoan t h a n h n h i e m v u hoc t a p mac d u g a p k h d k h a n t r d ngai, hay phai ddi m a t vdi n h d n g that bai t a m thdi - CL sddung sunhdn thdc ve gia In cua viec hoc (KH 1.3) SV n g h i rang n h d n g ndi d u n g hoc t a p la q u a n t r o n g hay hQu ich, se d u o e s Q d u n g c h o n g h e n g h i e p t Q o n g lai - CL su dung mem tin ddi voi vdi bdn thdn de dat ket qud (KH 4) SV cd n i e m t i n hay sU tin t u d n g vao kha n a n g cua m i n h , SV dat n h u n g ki v o n g va suy n g h i chac chan ban than c d t h e dat d u o c nhQng m u c t i e u hay nhQng n h i e m v u hoc t a p y e u cau Nhdm 2: Cac CLH lien q u a n d e n viec sir d u n g cdc y e u t o b e n n g o a i d e d a t ket q u a (KH: N h d m 2) T r o n g n h d m S V c h u yeu s d d u n g CLH cu t h e sau, - CLH kit hop vdi ban be vd sU ho trO cua gido vien (KH: 2.1) SV t h a m gia nhQng bai giang va t r a o d o i vdi giang vien neu can Ngoai SV cdn t r a o ddi vdi b a n be de lam rd n h d n g van de chua hieu, h u d n g d a n b a n be de dao sau t h e m kien t h u c , hoc c h u n g vdi ban d e giai quyet nhQng van de hoc t a p va c d n de tao m e m vui c h o ban t h a n , - CL lUa chon hoy dieu chinh mdi trudng hoc tdp (KH2,2J:SVlQa c h o n m d i t r u d n g hoc t a p p h u h o p ddi vdi b a n than n h u c h o n nOi cd day d u a n h sang, it t i e n g d n , c d m a n g internet hay nOi de d a n g t i m k i e m va sQ d u n g tai lieu hoc tap, noi ma ban t h a n thay t h o a i mai nhat d e h o c tap - CLH daa tren yeu cdu cua kiem tra ddnh gid (KH 2.3): Trade va t r o n g hoc SV t i m hieu p h Q o n g p h a p , mQc d d yeu cau, cac tieu c h i v a c a e y e u t d lien q u a n khac eua bai k i e m tra d a n h gia Nhom 3: Cac CLH lien q u a n d e n t i m k i e m , chpn loc, xQ li va van d u n g t h o n g tin (KH: N h d m ) T r o n g n h d m lua c h o n CLH tieu bieu ma n h i e u SV s Q d u n g Cac CLH duoc p h a n t h a n h n h d m t h e o giai d o a n cua 11 t h u y e t t h o n g tin T h o n g t i n dau vao, x Q l i t h d n g t i n , t h d n g t i n dau Do la • CLH lien quan den viec tim kiem vd ehon loc thdng tin (KH 1) Tuy thudc vao ndi d u n g m d n hoc, yeu cau cua giao vien, yeu cau cua d a n h gia va d d n g co hoc t a p cua ca n h a n ma SV t i m k i e m va lUa c h o n n h d n g tai lieu hoc t a p p h u h o p SV t h u o n g t i m k i e m va p h a n loai n h u n g tai lieu t h u t h a p d u o c t h e o tieu chi tai lieu c h m h va n h d n g tai lieu m d r d n g cho m d n hoc - Cac CL lien quan den viec xu ll thong tin (KH- 2), cu the g o m CL - CL doc thong tin iKH 32 1) The hien qua cac each doc n h u doc lucrt de co y t u d n g khai quat, doc lay y c h i n h hay doc de hieu ban chat van de + CL lull giu thong tin (KH 2) SV lap lai hoac b a n g c-.uh n e n g c u a m m h de ghi n h o nhQng nhQng ndi d u n g l o n g quat hoac v.i n h u n g noi d u n g chi tiet I CL hen ket va cau true lai thong tm (KH 3) SV tai l u true va hen ket cac ndi d u n g i r o n g c u n g tai heu hoac nhieu n g u o n tai lieu khac theo t u n g chu de, t h e o 74 • KHOflHOCGIflODUC m d i q u a n h e g i Q a e a c c h u d e Sau d o t r i n h bay theo cjarg v a n b d n , so d d hoac b a n g b i e u p h u h o p n h d t vdi nhan t h u c cua ea n h a n v d i m u e d i c h d e d a n g g h i n h d va trjy xuat t h d n g tin, - CL vdn dung thong tin (KH-3 3): SV v a n d u n g nhCrng d i e u da h o c t r o n g t h a c t e t h d n g q u a viec giai quyet cac bai tap, n h d n g d a a n hoe t a p , thUc hien cac cdng tnnli n g h i e n cQu, n h d n g rinh h u d n g m d p h d n g t h e o thuc te hay nhQng bai t a p thQc te, P h u o n g p h a p n g h i e n cUu N g h i e n cQu Ii t h u y e t , d i e u tra b a n g b a n g hdi V3 xi) Ii t h d n g ke la p h a o n g p h a p n g h i e n cQu chinh duoc sii d u n g de t i m ket q u a - P h a o n g p h a p n g h i e n c d u li t h u y e t sQ dung de p h a n tieh, t o n g h o p , tai eau t r u e nhQng tai lieu lien quan de xay d u n g co s d li t h u y e t ve CLH - P h u a n g p h a p d i e u tra b a n g b a n g hdi d u n g de thu t h a p cae y kien trd Idi cua eac SV d u o c lUa chon ngau n h i e n tQ cdc t r u d n g eao d d n g va dai hoe tren dia bar T h a n h p h d H d Chi M m h (TP.HCM) Ndi d u n g cac cau hoi dieu tra d u o c t h i e t ke d u a v a o n h Q n g bieu hien cu tiie cua cae CLH, T d n g c d n g co 70 cau hdi sQ d u n g de danh gid 12 CLH, t r u n g b m h (TB) m d i CLH c d t U den cau hdi T h a n g d o Likert mQc d a a c s Q d u n g c h o tat ca cac cau hdi cua t U n g CLH, t r o n g d o mQc 1: H o a n toan khong d d n g y, m d e K h d n g d d n g y; mQc 3; Phan van; mile 4: D d n g y, mQc 5- H o a n t o a n d d n g y, N g o a i bang hdi c d n c d bien d e xac d i n h eac t h d n g t i n c h u n g cua SV Cae bien d d la, (1) he d a o t a o ' Cao d d n g , dai hoc; (2) gioi t i n h - N a m , nQ, (3) SV n a m t h d I, II, 111, IV va tU nam V tro len, (4) d i e m T B c h u n g , mQc l i d Q d i 5.0, m Q c ' t Q Oden d u d i 0, mQc tQ 6,0 d e n d u d i 0, m u e 4- tU den d u d i 8.0, m d e 5, tU 8,0 t r d l e n - P h u a n g p h a p xQ li t h d n g ke d u o c sQ dung de p h a n tieh ede ndi d u n g c h i n h sau; -I- D o t i n cay (Cronbach's A n p h a ) cua cac cau hoi t r o n g t d n g CLH eu t h e va eac n h d m CLH Cac bien quan sat c d he sd t U o n g q u a n bien - t d n g n h d h o n 0,3 se bi loai, tieu c h u a n c h o n t h a n g d o cd he sd Cronbach's A l p h a lan h o n 0,6, Cac bien dat y e u cau t r o n g tQng CLH dUdc g o m lai vdi n h a u + T h d n g ke m d ta de d a n h gia t h u c trang sQdung cac CLH cua SV (• Phcin t i c h ANOVA dQOc sQ d u n g de t i m sU khac biet giQa t u n g bien ve t h d n g t i n c h u n g cua SV vdi lUng n h d m va cac CLH c u t h e , C h o n m d e y n g h i a 10%, neu Sig t r o n g b a n g p h a n t i c h ANOVA > ket luan k h d n g co siJ khac b i e t giQa cae CLH v d i bien can p h a n tich, neu Sig < ket luan co sQ khae biet giQa eac CLH vdi bien can p h a n tich, sau d d sd d u n g t h d n g ke m d ta de tim xu h a d n g cua s u khac biet , ThUc t r a n g c h i e n lUpc h p c c u a s m h v i e n d mot s d t r u d n g cao d a n g v a d a i h o c t a i TP Hd Chi M i n h 4.1 Thong tin ve mdu khdo sdt T h d n g t i n ve m a u k h a o sat 363 SV cua trUong cao d a n g va 24 t r u a n g dai hoe tai TPHCM d u o c the hien t r o n g Bang NGHIEN Ciru THirC T I I N GIAO DUG k d e n la n h d m (TB = 3,78) va cudi c i j n g la n h d m (TB = 69), t u y n h i e n su khae biet giua TB cac n h d m k h d n g cao dac biet la giQa n h d m va n h d m NhQ vay, xet d g d e d d t d n g quat, cd t h e thay rang SV q u a n t a m va d a u t a n h i e u v a o cac CL s Q d u n g cac yeu t d b e n n g o a i va cdc CLH lien q u a n d e n viee x d li t h d n g t i n de d a t ket qua d m d e d d eao h o n la eac CLH lien q u a n d e n viec sQ d u n g va phat huy cae yeu t d ndi lUc d e t a o d d n g lUc hoc t a p n h d m dat ket qua Bdng V Thdng tin mau khdo sdt Bien Chi tiet cac bien Tan so Tile(%) Cao d^ng 50 138 Dai hoc 313 87 Nam 198 54 NQ 165 45.5 He d a o t a o GIOI t i n h SV nam thQ Oiem t f u n g binh 58 15 11 80 21.1 III 110 30 IV 49 133 V t r d len 66 182 Dudi 5,0 1 TQ 5,0 d e n 6.0 30 83 T Q O d e n 7,0 141 38 TQ den 172 47,4 TQ t r d len 61 44 N 363 100% Total T h d n g t i n c h o thay cac y e u t d t r o n g m a u khao sat m a n g t i n h dai d i e n vi m a u k h a o sat dQoe t h u e hien t r e n nhieu t r u d n g cu t h e la 32 t r u d n g cao d i n g va dai hoc khac n h a u t r e n dia ban T P H C M vdi ti le SV n a m va nQ gan tUong d u o n g n h a u , sd l u o n g SV phan b d t u a n g d d i d d n g d e u giQa eac n a m trQ n a m nhat, d i e u d u o e x e m la p h i i h o p vi CLH cua SV n a m n h a t cdn bi a n h h u d n g rat nhieu cua CLH p h o t h d n g , chua m a n g t i n h dai dien c h o CLH cua SV; ket qua hoc t a p ciia SV c u n g phan b d p h u h o p vdi ket qua d i e m t r u n g b i n h cua SV t r o n g thUC t e 4.2 Trung binh ve mde sd dung chien lupc hpc cua sinh vien Bdng Trung binh ve mde dd sd CLH ciia SV ' Kihieu ' N h m ' 1,1 ' 1.2 ! 1.3 ' 1.4 ' I Trung bmh Trung binh Kl hieu Trung bmh 36 38 77 Nhom | , 78 | ' 3,82 I 3,88 ' 3.45 ' 3,64 32 3., 322 323 33 I 74 87 3.59 75 83 TQsd lieu Bang c h o thay n h d m muc dich dat dUOC ket qua hoe t a p t o t nhat, SV sQ d u n g nhieu CLH khac d cac m u c d d khac n h a u voi mUc TB t u 45 d e n Vdi mifc TB co t h e d a n h gia SV sQ d u n g CLH o muc mUc b m h t h u a n g d e n g a n tdt, chua dat mUc t d t va rat t d t Ngoai ra, SV chUa thuc su quan t a m d e n viec dau t u v a o cac CLH de dat duoe ket qua cao Cu t h e h o n , x e m xet a goc d d t a n g n h o m CLH, co t h e thay rang SV dau tu vao cac CLH d n h o m cao nhat (TB = 8), ke Xet d gde d d chi tiet, k h d n g phdi cac CLH cu t h e t r o n g t d n g n h d m d u o c SV lUa c h o n d m d e d d d d n g d e u n h a u m a c d c d sa khac b i e t C h a n g han n h a su khac b i e t cua cac CLH t r o n g n h d m t h e o h u d n g CL 1.3 s Q d u n g sQ n h d n thQc ve gia tri cua viee hoe (TB = 3,88) va CLH 1.2 kien tri t r o n g hoc t a p ( T B - 3.82] d u a e SV s d d u n g d m d e d o cao h o n C L 1.1 s d d u n g va phat h u y d d n g c o h o c t d p ( T B - ) va CL 1,4 s Q d u n g n i e m t i n ddi vdi vai b a n t h d n de dat ket q u a (TB - 3.45) Trong n h d m 2, s u khac biet t h e o xu h u d n g SV q u a n t a m d e n CL 2,2 lua c h o n va d i e u c h i n h m d i t r u d n g hoc t a p cho c a m t h a y t h o d i mai va day d u v e t a i lieu hoc tap, p h u o n g t i e n hoc, a n h sang (TB = ) , h o n la q u a n t a m d e n sQ d u n g chien hoc 2 ket h o p VOI b a n be va s u h d t r o ciia g i a n g vien (TB = 77) va CLH 2,3 dUa t r e n yeu cau cua cac bai kiem tra d a n h gia (TB ^ 3,64).Trong n h o m SV s Q d u n g cac CLH d cac mde d d t Q c a o d e n t h a p lan l u o t la-CL doc t h d n g t i n (TB = 3,87), CL van d u n g t h o n g t i n 3,3 (TB = 83), CL lien q u a n d e n t i m kiem va lUa c h o n t h o n g t i n (TB - 3.77), CL lien ket va cau true t h d n g t i n 2.3 (TB - 3,75) va t h a p nhat la CL luu giQ t h d n g t i n [TB = 59) T u tat ca sd lieu t r e n cho thay c h o t h a y vdi m o n g m u d n dat d u o c ket qua hoc t a p t d t S V c d p h a n eoi t r o n g viec sU d u n g cac CL; Nhan thQc ve gia t n cua viec hpc, kien tri hoc tap, c u n g n h u sQ d u n g cac CLH lien q u a n d e n su h d t r o cua thay c d va b a n be rim kiem c h o n loc, doc, cau true, ap d u n g t h d n g t i n ket h o p vdi viec t a o mdi t r u d n g hoc p h u h o p cao h o n la viee sir d u n g cac CL Phat huy d d n g cO hoc tap, sQ d u n g m e m t i n , dQa t r e n cac yeu cau cua bai k i e m tra d a n h gia va lUu giQ hay n h d t h o n g t i n Ket qua n a y c h o t h a y S V da d a n h gia t a m q u a n t r o n g ve gia t n cua viec hoc va sQ d u n g cae CL t h i e n ve x u h u d n g d d i hdi t i n h t u giac, c h u d d n g , phat huy nang luc t u cd cua b a n t h a n cao h o n la dua vao cac yeu t d tac d d n g ben ngoai k h a c h a y c h i g h i n h d t h d n g t i n Phan tich sU khac biet giQa he dao t a o , gidi t i n h , n a m hoc va d i e m t r u n g binh vdi cac chien lUac hpc 5.1 Kit qud phdn tich sUkhdc biet gida cdc sinh vien dang hoc d hi ddo tao cao ddng vd dai hoc vdi cdc chien lupc hoc VI tat ca cac Sig t r o n g cot 11) Bang > 1, d o co t h e ket luan k h o n g co sQ khac biet giua cac SV d a n g hoc o he dao tao cao d a n g va dai hoc voi tat ca cac CLH 5.2 Kit qud phdn tich sUkhdc biit gida cdc sinh vien nam vd ndvdi cdc chien luac hoc Theo so lieu cua cot (2) Bang cho thay chi co Sig cua CL = 059 -• 1, d o d o c o t h e ket luar; co su khac biet giua n h o m SV n a m va n h o m SV nil t r o n g viec su SO 135-THflNG 12/2016 • 75 NGHIEN Clhl THirC TIEN GIAO DUC Sdng 3,- Ket qud hi sd Sig phdn ddo fao gidi tinh, ndm hpe vd mde dp tich ANOVA gida he diem TB vdi cdc CLH Kihieu Ji,A.02 ^ He dao tao (1) Gioi linh (2) Nam hoc Nhdm 0.765 0.367 144 1.1 0,733 0.836 0231 1.2 0,792 0.934 0,174 1.3 975 (3) ^ ^ 3.91 Diem TB (4) 3,60 '•***'^S7 ^ V s , 3-40 Nam Nam — Nam — , 13 Na T! — Nam S — 3.3 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Hinh I Bieu sUkhdc 1.4 378 0,538 0.487 Nhdm 0.261 0,762 0,219 2,1 398 524 499 0,678 2.2 0.221 0.398 0.272 0.709 0.718 0.328 0,649 0,373 0,109 3.1 0,956 981 163 32 0.284 0.162 0,351 3.2.1 0.627 0,265 0,769 3.2.2 0.160 0,348 0.735 3.2 0,437 0,176 3,3 0,581 945 0.143 d u n g CL 1,3 nhdn thQc ve gia t n eua viee hpe, cac CLH c d n lai ed Sig, > , , d o d d k h d n g c d su khac biet, SU khdc biet t h e o xu h u d n g mQe d p TB n h a n thQc ve gid tri cua viec hoc cua SV nil la 3.93 cao h o n mQc TB - cua SV n a m , Ngoai ket qua p h a n tieh ANOVA giQa bien g i d i t i n h vdi bien ket qua hpc t a p c d Sig = 0.00 N h u vay c d sU khac biet v e m Q c T B d i e m sd giQa n h d m SV n a m v d S V n u t h e o xu h u d n g n h d m S V n Q c d T B mQc d d ket q u a hoe tap d mQc 3,65 t r o n g n h d m n a m TB d 3,22, Do d d ed t h e ket luan rang sQ d u n g CL n h d n thQc gia tri cua viee hoc d mde d d cdng cao thi ket qua hoc tdp c d x u h u d n g cang eao 5.3 Kit qud phdn tich sU khdc biet giita sinh vien dang hpc cdc nam hoc khdc vdi cdc chiin luac hpc Theo sd lieu cua edt (3) Bang cho thay cac CL T , 2,3, 3,2.3 va 3,3 cd Sig, lan luot la 0,041, 0,006, 0,073, 0-049 < , , d o d d ed su khac biet giua SV d a n g hoe eac nam vdi eac CLH Cae CLH c d n lai c d Sig > d o d d k h d n g eo sU khac biet, Su khac biet cua cac CLH vdi SV d eac nam hoc d u o c t h e hien qua H i n h 1, H i n h cho thay sU khac biet giQa cac CL 1,3 2,3, 2,3 va 3 vdi so n a m hpc ciia SV k h d n g t h e o xu h u d n g nhat d m h ma c d su bien ddi khac n h a u giQa cac CLH vd giQa cae n a m hoe khae n h a u , Tuy n h i e n , t r o n g d o hau het mQc d o sQ d u n g cac CLH cua SV n a m thQ cao h o n n a m nhat t r u CLH Cac CLH ed xu h u d n g t a n g tQ n a m d e n n a m trQ CL 3,3 Tat ca co mUc d d g i a m vdo n a m t h Q va sau d d la t a n g len vao n a m cuoL Mac d u cd biet gida SVdang hpc cdc ndm hoc khdc vdi cdc CLH 0,318 0,207 23 Nhdm - K H O A HOC GIAO OUC 4.20 4,00 Sig sQ t a n g hay g i d m cua mQc d d sQ d u n g ede CLH ndy theo t Q n g n a m hoe n h a n g c d t h e n h d n t h a y SV nam cudi sil d u n g cae CL 1.3 n h a n thQc ve gia t n cua viee hpe, CL 323 lien ket vd eau t r u e t h d n g t i n vd CL 3.3 v d n d u n g thong t i n vdo thQc t e d mQc d d TB eao h a n cac SV nam nhat, t r o n g CL 2.3 p h u h a p v d i y e u cau d d n h gid thap hon n a m n h a t NhU vdy c d t h e c h o t h a y t r o n g q u d trinh hoc SV ed sU c h u y e n b i e n ve n h a n thQc ve gia tr; hoc, lien kei eau t r u e va t d chQc t h d n g t i n t h e o c h i e u h a d n g ndm cuoi t d t h o n n a m nhat n h u n g h p k h d n g q u a n t a m nhieu den viee d a n h gia b d n g SV n a m n h a t 5.4 Kitqudphdn tich sU khdc biet giita cdc nh6n\ sinh vien cd diem trung bmh khdc vdi cac chien luachpc T h e o sd lieu cua edt (4) Bang c h o thay tat ca cac CLH d n h d m vd t r o n g sd CLH eu t h e cua nhdm la 3,1,3,2.1, 3,2 va 3,3 c d Sig < , eho thay rdng cae CLH lien q u a n d e n viec sQ d u n g va p h d t h u y eac yeu td npi !uc ca n h a n de t a o d d n g luc h o c t a p n h a m dat ket qui vd eac CLH lien q u a n d e n rim k i e m , c h o n loc, xQlivavan d u n g t h d n g t i n trQ CL g h i n h d t h d n g t i n d e m lai sukhac b i e t ve ket q u a h o c t a p c h o SV, Tat ed cdc CLH d nhom vd CL 2 cd Sig, > , , d o d o CLH lien q u a n den viec sQ d u n g eac y e u t d b e n n g o a i va CLH luu giQ thdng tin k h d n g d e m lai s u khac b i e t ve ket qua hoe t a p cho SV Su khae biet ve ket q u d hpe t d p eua cdc CLH thuoc n h d m va n h d m chi t i e t m m h hoa t r o n g Hinh va H i n h Cae b i e u d d eho t h a y x u h u d n g kha rd rang la SV in ^ ^ ^ , » f - ^ 90 « — - ^ X " * ^ ^ , - - * ^ * * * — • 3,55 50 30 10 90 ^^« si"3^—t^^ *r::^ 70 - ^ / ^ ^ ^ • " ^ ^ ^ ^ ''^f 'Jm Du'OiSO •—Nliom bU-60 • Hinh 2- Bieu sukhac / /0-BO yutrolen 13 ^ã-I'l 1 -ô!!, biet gida trung binh ket qud hoc tdp vd cdc CLH nhdm NGHllN COU IHUC TIEN GIAO DUG c6 k^t qud hpc t i p cang cao sCf dung ede CLH nhdm vd nhdm d mijfc dp cang cao va ngUOc lai Ket qui cho thay CL SCf dung va phat huy dong cd hpc tSp; kien tri hpc tap; sil dung si/ nhdn thQc vi gia trj cua vi&c hpc; sCif dung ni^m tin doi voi vdi bdn thdn de dat k^t qud; lien quan d^n viec tim kiem va chpn Ipc thdng tin; doc thdng tin; liSn k^t vd clu trilc thdng tin; van dung thdng tin cd dnh hudng den k^t qud hpc tap cua SV theo xu hudng tUdng quan thuan DirdiS.O 5.0-60 -Hhom • -3.2.1 6,O-7.0 7.0-8,0 S.Otrdien 3.1 -^3.2.3 Hinh 3: Bieu sU khdc biit gida trung binh kit qud hpc tap vd cdc CLH nhdm Qua phan tich su khdc biet giQa cdc CLH vdi diem TB cua SV cho thay khdng phdi dau tUvdo CLH ndo cung mang lai sU khdc biet ve ket qud hpe tap ma eht cd mdt sd CLH mang lai sU khde biet Cd mdt sd CLH SV nghi rdng dau tu vao nhieu se dem lai ket qud cao nhung thUe te khdng phdi nhu the, chSng han nhdm CLH thQ li&n quan den viec sQ dung ede yeu td ben ngodi Trong dd nhi3ng CLH SV cho rdng khdng quan trpng va sii dung d mQc dp thap nhat nhQng ed the giup SV dat k^t qud tdt hdn dien hinh Id CL 1.4 sQdung niem tin ddi vdi vdi bdn than d^ dat ket qud cdTB thap nhat - 3.45 Ket luan Thdng qua viec lay y kien va xQ li thdng ke 363 phieu trd Idi ciia SV den tQ 32 trUdng cao ddng vd dai hpc cho thay mUc dp sQ dung ede CLH vdi mong mudn cd ket qud cao dupe SV thUe hien d mQe dd chua tot Bin canh SV cung chUa xdc dinh dupe mdt edeh rd rdng ^ nhiJng CLH nao cd t h i dat ket qud cao, nhOng CLH nao se khdng dem lai sU khdc biet ve ket qud Ngoai ket qud nghien cijfu cho thay khdng cd sU khdc bi^t ve CLH nhdm SV dang theo hpc he cao dSng hay dai hpc Cd sU khdc biet: GiQa SV nam va SV nQ ve CL nhan thQc ve gid tri cCia viec hpc; giOfa SV hpc cdc ndm hpc khdc ve CLH nhdn thQc gid trj cCia viec hpe, phu hdp vdi y&u cau ddnh gid, lien ket vd cau true thdng tin, van dung thdng tin; glQa SV cd ket qud hpc tap cdc mQc dp khdc vdi cdc CLH sLf dung va phdt huy dpng cd hpc tdp, kien tri hpc tdp, sCf dung sU nhdn thQc ve gid tn cCia viec hpc, sQ dyng nilm tin ddi vdi vdi bdn thdn de dat ket qud, lien quan den viec tim kiem vd chpn Ipc thdng tin, dpe thdng tin, lien ket vd cau true thdng tin vd van dung thdng tin Ket qud nghien cQu ndy cd the khdng djnh viec nghien cQu CLH de xdc djnh nhGrng chiln luae hpe ndo cd tdc ddng din ket qua hpc tap ndi rieng vd nhung CLH ndo cd dnh hudng den cdc mue dich hpc tap khde hpc tap khde ndi chung rat edn thiet, Nhiing nghien cQu ve tinh vUe ndy giup SV va nhCmg ngudi Idm cdng tdc giao due ed cO sd tua chpn nhQng CLH cOng nhU Id phUOng phdp hpc tap phu hpp vdi tQng muc tieu khde TAIUIUTHAMKHAO II] Carolyn H Hopper, (2010), Practicing College Learning Strategies (Fifth Edition), Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, USA, [2] Claire Ellen Weinstein - Ph.D - David R PalmerPh,D and Taylor W Acee, (2016), The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) (third edition), H&H Publishing Company, Inc (third edition) [3] Ernesto Maearo, (2001), Learning strategies In foreign language classrooms, Continuum, London and New/ York [4] Jim Eison, Ph.D., (2010), Using Active Learning Instructional Strategies to Create Excitement and Enhance Learning, Department of Adult, Career & Higher Education, University of South Florida [5] KU center for research on learning, (2009), Learning Strategies oven/iew The University of Kansas, Joseph R Pearson Hall RESEARCH ON STUDENTS' LEARNING STRATEGY AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN HO CHI MINH CITY Dang Thi Dieu Hien HCMC University of Technology and Education Emaih hiendtd@hcmute.edu.vn Abstract: Learning strategy is one of the key factors creating the basis for direction, outlined and detailed plans t help students achieve the desired objectives It was of great concern of researchers around the world to find out solutio to improve students' learning quality However, this issue was without any attention in Vietnam This article presents theoretical overview of learning strategy; Research results on its real status; the difference among training system, gen school year and learning outcomes with 12 specific learning strategies of 32 students at colleges and universities in Ho Minh city Keywords: Learning strategy; learning quality; learning outcomes; colleges; universities; Ho Chi Minh city D135-THANG12/2Q16*77 ... i e n d mot s d t r u d n g cao d a n g v a d a i h o c t a i TP Hd Chi M i n h 4.1 Thong tin ve mdu khdo sdt T h d n g t i n ve m a u k h a o sat 363 SV cua trUong cao d a n g va 24 t r u a n... dau t u v a o cac CLH de dat duoe ket qua cao Cu t h e h o n , x e m xet a goc d d t a n g n h o m CLH, co t h e thay rang SV dau tu vao cac CLH d n h o m cao nhat (TB = 8), ke Xet d gde d d chi... r u n g binh vdi cac chien lUac hpc 5.1 Kit qud phdn tich sUkhdc biet gida cdc sinh vien dang hoc d hi ddo tao cao ddng vd dai hoc vdi cdc chien lupc hoc VI tat ca cac Sig t r o n g cot 11) Bang