C y 03 (164) • 2017) TAI CHINH QUdCTE Thyc trgiPg hoc phi cac trirotig dai hoc cong lap 6 nirdc CHDCND Lao va mot so giai phap T6IVI TAT Khamseng Bualaphanh''''^ Hgc phi hay gid dich vu ddo tgo dgi hgc I[.]
TAI CHINH QUdCTE C y 03 (164) • 2017) Thyc trgiPg hoc phi cac trirotig dai hoc cong lap 6- nirdc CHDCND Lao va mot so giai phap Khamseng Bualaphanh'^ T6IVI TAT Hgc phi hay gid dich vu ddo tgo dgi hgc Id khoan tien md ngu&i hgc hodc gia dinh ngu&i hoc phdi trd cho viec true tiip hu&ng thu dich vu ddo tgo dgi hgc cua ngu&i hgc Thu hgc phi hay thu gid dich vu ddo tgo dgi hgc thi hiin su chia se chi phi ddu tu cho ddo tgo dgi hgc giua ngu&i hgc hoac gia dmh ngu&i hgc v&i Nhd nu&c Tru&c muc tiiu phdt trien ddo tgo dgi hgc cd vi quy md vd cd ve chat lugng, hgc phi tra thdnh ngudn tdi chinh quan trgng di trang trdi cdc chi phi hogt ddng cua cdc tru&ng dgi hgc cdng lap Chinh sdch hgc phi ddo tgo dgi hgc & CHDCND Ldo chua theo kip trinh phdt trien kinh te - xd hgi vd mitc tieu, yeu cdu ddo tgo ngiidn nhdn luc trinh dgi hgc ddp ung yiu cdu cua xd hdi ve ca cdu ngdnh nghi vd ky ndng, nghiip vu chuyen mdn Nhung ndm t&i, CHDCND Ldo nin xdc dinh gid dich vu ddo tgo dgi hgc theo ngdnh hodc nhom ngdnh; tir do, hodn thign chinh sdch gid djch vu ddo tgo phd hgp vdi trinh dg phdt triin kinh ti-xahdi, nhom ddi tugng sinh viin, nhom ngdnh ddo tgo vd muc tiiu, yeu cdu ndng cao chdt luffng ddo tgo dgi hgc • Tir khoa: hgc phi, gid dich vu ddo tgo dgi hgc ABSTRACT Tuition or training fees for higher educationis the amount of money that the learners or their family must directly pay for training services they get Paying fees for higher educationshow the sharing of investment costs for undergraduate training between learners or their family and the Government With the goals of higher education development in both scale and quality, tuition becomes an important financial source to cover the operation costs of public universities The policy of higher educationtuition in Lao PDR does not keep up the level of socio-economic development, the objectives and requirements of human resource at undergraduate level to meet the requirements of the career structure, the skills and professional expertise In the coming years, the Lao PDR should determine the fee of higher educatlonby major of study; then complete the policy of training service fees in line with the level of economic and social development, student groups, training nuijorsand the requirements of higher education quality improvement • Keywords: tuition fee, training services fees of higher education Cff che thu hoc phi dao tao dai hgc d CHDCND Lao Thu hge phi ddi vdi ddo tao dai hoc mang nhiau y nghTa khde nliau Thu nlidl hoc phi la mot nhimg ngudn lai chinh quan irgng nhat dc phdt trien dao tao dai hoc Irong dieu kicn phat tnan nen kinh Ic lhi irudng Thu hill, thong qua hoe phi, Nhd nude cd the thuc hien diau liel quy md, CO cau giao due dai hoc Thu ba, thdng qua hgc phi, Nha nude thuc hien chinh sach xa hgi va thuc hien cdng bang xa hdi giao due dai hgc Vdi y nghTa nau Iren, nhirng nam qua, nude Cl IDCND Lao da ed nhimg dieu chinh ve chinh sach hgc phi phii hgp vdi mue tiau phat trian giao due ndi chung va dao tao dai hoc ndi rieng Nam 2008, Chinh phii da ban hanh Nghi dinh so 03/CP vl phi va le phi Theo dd, khung mirc hgc phi dao tao dai hgc chia iheo khoang each Idn cho phep xdc lap nhung mirc hoc phi khac liiy thugc vao loai Uudng, dia dicm truimg va nganh nghe •^ iV(JS - Hoc vien Tdi chinh Tap chi nghien cufu Tai c h i n i ; k?^ ^ (8^03(164)'2017^ TAI CHI'NH QUOC TE hoc cdng lap cd xu hudng tdng vd ngdy cang khdng dinh vai tro quan trgng cua hgc phi trang trai cac chi phi ho^t dgng - He dao tao chfnh quy: cua cac trudng dai hgc cdng !?p+ Dao tao cao ddng tir 95.000 Sd thu hgc phi cua cac trudng kip din 125.000 kip/thang/sinh dai hgc cdng lap tdng tii 58.533 vien; trieu kip nam 2010 - 2011 len + Ddo tao dai hgc tir 125.000 83.896 trieu kip nam 2014 kip din 250.000 kip/thang/sinh 2015, vdi muc tang binh quan vien; 8,7%/nam Tuy vay, neu so sanh vdi chi phi boat dgng toi thilu ciia + Dao tao thac sT tir 250.000 cdc trudng dai hgc cdng lap thi kip din 350.000 kip/thang/sinh so thu hgc phi tinh binh quan chi vian; bdng tCr 19,46% theo nhdm - Ddi vai he dao lao khdng nganh dao tao Dieu dd cd nghTa chinh quy tir 100.000 kip den vdi mirc hgc phi hien tai ciia S6 thu hijc phi chta theo nganh cua cac Irirang dai h^c cong lap cac chucmg trinh dai hgc chinh thuQC Bo Giao due va The thao quy d cac trudng cdng lap thi Dcm VI linh: Tn^ kip Nha nude bao cap kha nhieu ~~~~~ ~-, ^ Nam hoc 201020142013cho dao tao dai hgc d tat ca cac 201220112014 2015 2012 2013 2011 Nlioin nganh „ _^ nhdm nganh dao tao Nhdm Khoa hoc va hoi, kinh tc, luat, nganh dao tao cd chi phi boat 40 227 41 150 22 007 34 171 35813 nimg lani ihu> san dgng tdi thiau cang cao thi ty Khoa hoc lo nhien, ky thuat le bao cap ciia Nha nude cang 14 034 18 836 16 628 10 235 12 398 cong nghe TDTT nghe ihual cao: nhdm nganh khoa hgc xa khach san du lich hdi, nhan van kinh te khoang 20315 IS 510 26 118 26 291 18 100 ^ Ydirijc 45%; nhdm nganh ky thuat, tu 66.311 68.520 77.573 83.896 T5n.^ so 58.533 nhien, ndng lam thiiy san tir \g„l 111 f:e hoach va Tai chinh Bo GDTT 50% dan 70% \a nhdm nganh y khoang 70% tdng chi phi 350.000 kip/lhang/ngudi hoc - Sinh vien tu tiic: Nam thu boat ddng cua cac trudng Nam 2012 trudc >eu cau nhat- 1.460.000 kip/nam/ngudi; Nhiing bat cap hgc phi hdi nhap quoc la \a ddi mdi can Nam thir hai dan hgc tdt nghiep cua cac trudng dai hgc d ban giao due \a dao lao dao 1.440.000 kip/nam/ngudi tao d^iii hgc CHDCND Lao da - Sinh vian co chinh saeh ho CHDCND Lao chu>cn tir dao tao theo nien cha trg: Nam thir nh5t: 460.000 kip/ Thu nhat, cac qu\ dinh \e sang dao tao theo lin chi ddng nam/ngudi: Nam thir hai den hoc ea che thu hgc phi ddi \6i cac ca thi>i, Ciiinh phii da ban hanh lot nghiep: 440.000 kip'nam/ sd dao tao dai hoe cdng lap hien \ g h i djnh sd 003/CP vl phi \a ngudi na\ cdn thieu cac van ban hudng le phi tha\ [he Nghi dinh so 03/ Ket qua thu hgc phi ciia dan cu the nen cac trudng dai Cl'nga\ 19 thang 11 nam 2008 cac truong dai hgc d CI 1DCND hoc cdng lap cdn nhieu lung timg \ c phi \ a le phi Theo dd khung Lao irong xac dinh mirc thu hoc phi hgc pill dp dung cho cac he dao Thu hai, che hgc phi d5i Giai doan 2001 - 2015 \di tao dai hgc a cac iruiTug dai hoc \di cac uudng dai hoc cdng Lip chinh sach thu hoc phi duac cong lap la 26 000 kip tin chi, chain duoc doi mai mirc iliu dieu ehinh theo hudng tang Icn Moc phi duoc thu k_\ hoc phi \an thap diroi mirc ciia chi phi dao lao \a kha nang \."i k> hoi la thang thu theo kha nang ciii ira cua nguoi dan dong gop cua cac hg gia dmli sd nion hoc \a so tin chi lioc thue d cac kiiu ^b thi, chira phu linn thu hoc phi cua cac truong dai ddo tao phuc vu cho viec thuc hien chi'nh sach ve ca cau ngdnh nghe dao tao tl Hieu trudng cdc trudng dgi hgc cdn cir vdo khung hgc phi, dac dilm va yeu cau phat trien cua ngdnh ddo tao, hinh thuc ddo tao, hoan cdnh cua timg loai hgc sinh, sinh vi§n de quy dinh miirc thu hgc phi cu the ddi vdi timg loai ddi tugng Thdng ke trudng dai hgc da chia thdnh bg phdn gdm sinh vien tu tiic va sinh vien cd chinh sdch hd trg nhu sinh vien gidi, thi dat dugc diem cao, sinh vien khu vuc ndng thdn gia dinh ngheo Miic thu hgc phi cu tha nhu sau: \7Ci> Tap chi nghien ct^u Tai chinh ke toan TAI CHINH QUOC TE is£03^(ie4)7i vdi mat bdng gia, ca v d ^ ^ sach cdi cdch tiin J u o n ^ ° ^ ^ nhijng nam qua-.f^o' che thu, sii* dyng hoc phi chua bao^quat todn dien vl ddi t i ^ ^ ^ u ^pc phi Viec quy dinh mirc hgc phi theo khung ch^m siia ddi, cdn mang nang ti'nh (ftffith qudn va chua nghien cuu day du thu nhap ngudi dan, phii hgp timg loai trucmg, timg nganh nghe dao tao va quan tam chinh sach uu dai cua Nha nude ddi vdi sinh vien Ihugc dien chinh sach xa hdi Do vay, vira la ganh nang cho ddi tugng ngheo va cd tha bao cap cho ddi tugng ed thu nhap cao, tao mat cdng bang xa hgi giao due Quy dinh mirc hge phi eiia Nha nude chua tinh yeu td khac nhu: kha nang chi tra ciia sinh vien, phuong thiic tinh loan thich hgp Viae mien, giam hgc phi chu muc lieu va nhdm sinh vien dac trung, song thu nhap gia dinh khong coi la yeu to xem xet tdi, miic hge phi xae dinh theo nganh dao tao, theo quy dinh cua trudng hon viec xem xet tdi thu nhap gia dinh Thir ba, viec giam hge phi ddi vdi sinh vien thugc dien ngheo d nude CHDCND Lao hian gap khd khan vi khdng dii thdng tin chinh xac, khdng thu thap dugc thdng lin cu tha ciia gia dinh ngheo va day dii vl thu nhap ciia tiing hg gia dinh Ty le sinh vien phai dong hoc phi tdng so sinh vien la khac dang ke giua cac trudng dai hge cdng lap Mgt so giai phap ve hgc phi ddi \(n cac truong dai hgc oCIIDCNDLao Mgt Id, can cd van ban hudng dlu chi net vc hoc phi dieu chinh nuic khung iigc phi pliii hcTp vdi dilu kien kinh tl xd hgi vd yeu cau ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tao dai hgc Lap va trinh phe duyet khung hgc phi phai tinh toan tren co sd trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hgi timg giai doan, phdn loai doi tugng sinh vien phai tra hgc phi theo khu vuc giau, ngheo d trung tam, thj va ndng thdn Cd chinh sach miln giam khuyen khich sinh vien hgc tdt, hgc gidi O mdt khia canh khac, mirc thu hgc phi phai gan vdi yeu cau vd muc lieu nang cao ban nira chat lugng dao tao dai hgc Chat lugng dao tao cao se cd sire thuy at phuc rat Idn ve tang hgc phi Chat lugng ciia he thdng dao lao dai hgc dugc the hien d mirc phii hgp ciia san pham dao tao dai hgc vdi nhu cau ciia xa hdi va thi trudng Co cau nganh nghe dao tao cd phii hgp vdi nhu cau va timg nganh ngha ciia xa hdi hay khdng? Trinh do, ky nang cua sinh vien sau trudng cd dap img dugc nhu cau ciia ngudi sir dung lao ddng hay khdng? Hai Id, thue hien du bao nhu cau vc nganh ngha ciia xa hgi va xac dinh chinh xac chi phi dao lao mgt sinh vian ciia tirng nganh ngha lam co sd xay dung chinh sach hgc phi, chinh sach va cdng cu hd tro lai chinh sinh vien Cho din nay, nude Cl IDCND Lao chua cd nhung kliao sat danh gia nhu eau dao tao iren pham vi qude gia lam can cir xa>' dung cac kc hoach dao tao Co eau dao lao dai hoc ciia nude CHDCND Lao dang cd su mat can ddi nghiem trgng Trong thdi gian tdi, Nha nude dua viio chien luoc phat trian kinh te - xa hoi \ a Ihuc hien nhfrng khao sat danh gia nhu cau nguon nhdn iuc vl cdc mdt so lugng, chat lugng, ca cau nganh nghe de lam can cii xdy dung ke hoach vd phan bd chi tieu dao tao cho cac khdi ngdnh va cac trudng Song song vdi danh gid nhu cdu ngudn nhan luc, Nha nude cung can thuc hien cdc khao sat danh gid chi phi ddo tao mdt sinh vien ung vol mdi nhdm nganh dao tao Tir do, cd co sd thuc tien de danh gia, dieu chinh cac chinh sach tai chinh lien quan ciia he thdng dao tao dai hgc nhu chinh sach phan bd ngan sach cho cac trudng, cac khdi nganh, chinh sach hgc phi, chinh sach va cdng cu hd trg tai chinh cho sinh vien Ba Id, dieu chinh hgc phi theo hudng lang dan, gia tang sir khac biel mire hgc phi giira cac nganh, cac ITnh vuc va tiap tuc ap dung chinh sach "chia se chi phi dao lao", gan vdi nhung bien phap nang cao chat lugng dao tao ky nang chuyan mdn nghiep vu va san sang tham gia vao lhi trudng lao ddng Nude Cl IDCND Lao cd ty le GDP binh quan dau ngudi thap nhu cau hgc dai hgc lai rat Idn Chinh sach hgc phi kep dang ap dung la phii hop nham dap img nhu cau hgc lap Cling lang ciia nhan dan khdng lam tang them ap luc ddi vai ngan sach nha nude Nha nude can dieu chinh hgc phi theo hifdng tang dan, luy nhien \ lec nang mire hoc phi khong phai ap dung mOl each dong dau cho lat ca cac nganh, cac ITnh vuc ma can linh den >cu td lgi ich xa hdi cung nhu loi ich ca nhan gan vdi chuxcn nganh dao lao Vice dicu chmh chinh sach hoc phi pliai dam Tap chi nghien oxiu Tai chinh ke toan \ / (So03(164)-201lJ) TAI CHINH QUOC TE bao dieu chinh hdnh vi lira chgn ngdnh hgc ciia sinh vien Nhimg nganh khd, ngdnh quan trgng doi vdi su phdt trien ciia ddt nude cdn dp dung mirc hgc phi thdp hem, ddng thdi uu tien ngudn ngdn sach nha nude cap cho nganh ndy hon de khuyin khich sinh vien theo hgc Cac ngdnh mang lai lgi ich ca nhdn cao, mirc hgc phi phai cao hon nhirng ngdnh mang Igi ieh cao han cho loan xa hdi Cd nhu vay mdi cd the khuyen khich sinh vien theo bgc cac nganh mang lai nhieu lgi ich cho xa hdi, giam sir mat can ddi ca cau nganh nghe nhu hien dang d mure thap chua ddp ung dugc nhu cdu ciia xa hgi Sinh vien tot nghiep thilu kiln thiic thuc tl va cdn rat thu dOng De cd thi tang hgc phi, cac trudng phai ndng cao chat lugng cac chuong trinh ddo tao ciia minh, cho ddi cdc chuong trinh chdt lugng cao, hgc phi cao Chi cd nang cao chdt lugng dao tao mdi Id ca sd vimg chdc dl tang hgc phi vd ngudi hgc se hai long vdi dich vu minh nhan dugc xiing dang vdi ddng tiin bd Ndm Id, nghien cuu xay dung khung mirc gia dich vu dao tao dai hgc dl thay the khung hgc phi ddi vdi eo sd giao due thugc he thdng giao due qude dan Bdn la, ddi mdi chuong trinh va nang eao chat lugng dao tao, da dang hda cac chuong trinh Bd Tai chinh can nghien cim, dao tao tren ca sd dd nang dan trinh Chinh phii phe duyet De an miic hgc phi va ddi mdi co che linh gia dich Hgc phi eiia cac trudng dai vu su nghiep cdng (trong dd cd hgc ciia nude CHDCND Lao dich vu dao tao trinh dai hgc hien dang d mirc thap so vdi va sau dai hgc) theo hudng: Nha nhieu nude Iran tha gidi T^hung nude chi quy dinh khung gia cung cd mdt Ihuc ta la chat lugng djch vu giao due ddi vdi cac loai cac san pham cua giao due dai djch vu giao due co ban, cd vai hoc nude CHDCND Lao cung trd thiet yeu ddi vdi xa hgi Cac trudng d^i hgc cong Idp dugc phep tfnh du chi phi tien luong, chi phi hoat dgng thudng xuyen, chi phi khau hao tdi sdn ct dinh gid dich vu cung cap Dong thdi th\ic hiSn chinh sdch t^o dieu kien cho dii tugng ngudi ngheo tiip can dugc cdc dich vu ddo tao trinh dg dai hpc vd sau d^ii hgc nhu md rdng ddi tugng dugc vay von dl di hgc; khuyen Idii'ch, cap hgc bdng cho hgc sinh ngheo, hgc sinh hgc tap dat kit qua tdt, khuyin khich cdc doanh nghiep va ca nhan ddng gdp xay dung quy xa hgi, quy tir thien Tai lieu tham khao: , Quyit' dinh sd 856/GDTT.0I8 ve sir dung vdn bdn linh chdl vd nguyen ly gido due da thdnh lap 1974 ciia nu&c CHDCND Ldo, ngdy 06 thdng 06 nam 2013 Nghi dinh so 03/CP ve phi va le phi, ngdy 19 thdng 11 nam 2008, ciia Chinh phii Nghl dinh sd 003/CP vi phi vd le phi ngdy 26 thdng 12 ndm 2012, ciia Chinh phu_ Bdn long ket phdt trien gido due cua Bo Gido due vd The thao nuac CHDCND Ldo giai doan 2010-2015 Thuc trang moi trir6*ng kinh doanh lion Id, phan dau xay dung ihuung hieu, nhan hieu qude gia cd ii> tin qude te, quy hoach phat trien eae viing nguyan lieu cd chat luong, liieu qua cao dua tren lgi tha canli iranh ciia eiie san pham xuat khau cliii luc tranh phu thudc vao ngudn nguven lieu nhap khau Xa> dung va trien khai 16 Irinh duoi kip nu'rc trung hinh cua cac nude ASEAN-fr ASF.AN-4 ve cac ucu chi nang luc canii tranh Viet Nam plian dau den het nam 2017 Vict Nam nam nhdm nude dium dau ASl AN xap hang tdi thiau thir 80 tren the gidi theo danh gia eiia Lian hiep qude ve nhdm chi sd dich vu edng true tuyan tang vian Ihdng va ngudn nhan luc, Theo du thao sd 19, Chinh phu se yau cau cac bd nganh, dja phuang phai len ke hoach hanh dgng chi tiat thuc hien Nghi quyet 19 nam 2017 Trong do, Bd Ke hoach va Dau lu lam dau mdi id ehire viec cai thien cac chi so vc mdi irudng kinh doanh, nang luc canh tranh quoc gia, Bd FChoa hoc va Cong nghe lam dau nidi cai thien cac chi sd nang lire sang tao, Bd I hdng tin va Truyen \7Z> Tap chi nghien cOfu Tai chinh ke toan (Tiip theo trang 68) thdng phu trach ve chi sd chinh phii dien tir Tai lieu Iham khao: Bdo Dien ddn DN, Ndng cao ndng lire canh Iranh quoc gia vd doi mai phdt tnen DN http //enlerncw-^ vn^ iiltp //ne-ii s zmg vn/5-^iui-phapihuC'day-naiig-luc-canb-tranh-cjuocgia-post62l666 html Cdi thien moi liu&ng kmh doanh Thong diL'p null, quy el tdm cao TS Ngm-tin Thi Kim ly TCl'C M'I 21)16 Ngdn hdng The gi&i Bdo cdo xjp hang Mdi truang kinh doanh 2U!6 Nghl quyil 19/NQ-CP LUU ( hinh phii qua cac ndm 2014 2015 2(116 ... ddi vdi sinh vien thugc dien ngheo d nude CHDCND Lao hian gap khd khan vi khdng dii thdng tin chinh xac, khdng thu thap dugc thdng lin cu tha ciia gia dinh ngheo va day dii vl thu nhap ciia tiing... dinh mirc thu hoc phi hgc pill dp dung cho cac he dao Thu hai, che hgc phi d5i Giai doan 2001 - 2015 \di tao dai hgc a cac iruiTug dai hoc \di cac uudng dai hoc cdng Lip chinh sach thu hoc phi... cua cac hg gia dmli sd nion hoc \a so tin chi lioc thue d cac kiiu ^b thi, chira phu linn thu hoc phi cua cac truong dai ddo tao phuc vu cho viec thuc hien chi''nh sach ve ca cau ngdnh nghe dao tao