w TAP CHl LICH suf OiNi; 2 2017 THANH Tl/U VE PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC PHO THONG dTiNH HOA BINH (1991 2001) NGUYEN Si'''' HA Trudng Dgi hpc Ldm nghidp Vi^t Nam Hoa Binh la tinh mien nui phia Tay BSc ciJa To q[.]
w TAP CHl LICH suf OiNi; 2-2017 THANH Tl/U VE PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC PHO THONG dTiNH HOA BINH (1991-2001) NGUYEN Si' HA Trudng Dgi hpc Ldm nghidp Vi^t Nam Hoa Binh la tinh mien nui phia Tay BSc ciJa To quoc, cd dien tich tiT nhien la 4.662,53km', gom 10 huyen va pho, c6 nhieu cUdan cac dan toe anh em cung chung song Sau tai lap (10-1991), Hoa Binh la mot nhiitig tinh mien nui ngheo nhat d nUoFc, trinh dp dan tri thap, kinh te-xa hoi nhieu kho khan, Nhan thilTc ro dieu do, mot nhihig nhiem vu quan trpng hang tfau cua Ding bp tinh quan tam la phat trien giao due thong (GDPT) Dai fagi Vli (6-1991) ciia Dang xac dinfa rage tieu giao dyc dao tao "nfaara nang cao dan tri, dao tao nhan l\rc, bdi dudng nhan tai, fainfa tfaanfa dpi ngil lao dgng cd tii tfaue va cd tay nghe, cd nSng lyc th^rc hanh, tg chii, nang dgng va sang tao, cd dao due each mang, cd tinh than yeu nudc, yeu chli nghia xa hpi, cd y thuc va kha nang tg tao vif c lam nen kinfa te faang hda nhieu tfaanfa pfaan"' HNTU" kfada VII (1-1993) "Vd tidp tyc ddi radi sg ngfaifp giao due va dao tgo" neu rd: "Tiep tgc faoan cfainfa co cau ciia faf tfadng giao dgc qudc dan sap xep lai faf thdng cac mrdng nham nang cao hif u qua diiu tu, sir dung co sd vat chat va dpi ngu giao vien; hinfa cac trudng ldp trgng diem cd ehkt lugng cao, md rgng faf thdng trudng, ldp nang khidu d phd tfadng Pfaan dku ddn nara 2000 tfaanfa toan ngn mil chir d ngudi lao dgng dp Uidi far 1535, ticfa cgc tfau hfp difn ngudi mu chir d dp tudi kfaac, hoan tfaanfa pfad cap giao dyc tieu hpc, trudc het ddi vdi tre em dp tudi 6-14, day 80 manh thyc hifn phd cgp giao dyc cap II, nhat la d cac dd thi Xac dinfa lgi rage tieu, tfaiet ke lgi cfauong trinfa, ke hogch, npi dung, phuong phap ddi vdi hpc sinh timg bgc hpc, cap hpc"^ Dai fagi VIII (1996) ciia Dang de rayc tieu phat trien giao dyc-dao tgo den nam 2000: "Thanh toan nan mil chii cfao ngudi dp tudi 15-35, pfad cap giao dyc tieu hgc va tang ty If lao dgng qua dao tao len 22-25%"^ Tiep dd, HNTir kfada VIII (12-1996) ve "Dinh faudng chien lugc phat trien giao dyc va dao tgo thdi ky cdng nghifp hda, hifn dgi hda va nhif vu den nam 2000", dd myc tieu: "Phd cap giao dyc tieu fapc ca nudc, hgc sinh tieu hpc dugc hgc dii radn theo chuong hinh quy dinh, pfad cgp trung hgc co sd d cac phd, dd tfaj, cac vimg kinfa td ti-png diem va nfaiJng noi cd dieu kifn Hoan pfad cgp giao dyc trung fapc co sd vao nam 2010 va trung hgc phd thdng vao nara 2020"" Quan trift chii tivong ciia Dang, Dang bp tinh Hda Binh da dd nhihig chii THUCTIEN-KINHNGHieM truong bifn p h ^ phat nidn GDPT Dai hdi Dang bg tinfa Hda Binfa lin thu XI (3-1992) de rauc tieu: Dkn nam 1995 "giao due phd cgp tieu hgc dat 95%, thanfa toan nan mii chir dat 95%"* Hdi nghi lln tfaii Ban Cfaip hanh Dang bg tinh Hda Binh (kfada XI) da de phuong hudng, nfaiem vy phat trien GDPT: '*Hoan pfad cap giao dyc tieu hpc vao nam 1995 xda nan mil chir trudc nam 1997; tap trung nang cao chat lugng thdng qua he tbdng ldp chuyen, ldp chgn, ldp nang khieu dan tgc Sii dyng hieu qua ngudn vdn de dua ty If trudng, Idp dugc xay dung \1mg cfaac tu 45" o len 60% Tap trung dao tgo va bdi dudng giao vien de nfaanfa cfadng cd giao vien tat cfad, giao vien dgt trinfa dg cfauan"* Dai fagi Dang bg tinh Hda Binfa lan tfaii Xll (19%) de rayc tieu phat trien giao dyc den nam 2000: "Sd hgc sinfa hang nam tang binh quan 7-9° o phd cap giao dyc trung hpc co so dg tudi dgt lOO^'o cac huyfn vimg thip dat 50-60%, cac huyen \Ting cao dgt 15-20"o trucmg hgc dugc \a> dgng viXng chac dat 90° o"" Hgi nghi Tinfa uy md rpng (3-1997) de nhifm v\^: "Nang cao chit lugng phd cap giao due tieu bgc, uien khai phd cap giao dyc mmg hgc co sd Tang cudng dao tgo bdi dudng dpi ngu can bg quan l\ giao vien Da> mgnh cdng tac xay dgng CO sd \at chit, trang thiet bi phin dku den nam 2000 cd 90°/o trudng Idp kien cd Tidp tyc bdi dudng bgc sinfa gidi, lam ddn biy nang cao cfaat lugng giao due dai tra, tir dd fagc sinfa kha gidi len 30% vao nam 2000"* Nga\ 24-619% UBND tinfa Hda Binfa tfaanfa lap Ban chi dgo cugc vgn dgng "Nga> toan dan dua tre ddn trudng nam hgc 1996-1997", ddng tbdi quvdt dinfa mgl sd cfainfa skch \ e che dp ddi \ di giao vien vimg cao, vimg sau vimg khd khan va bgc smh tnrdng phd tbdng dan tgc ngi tni 3 Tiuc h i ^ dfli truoi^ cua Trm^ uong £)ai^ Dang bd tiiii Hda Binfa GDPT d tinfa Hda Binfa (1991-2001) ^ dat dugc mdt sd kdt qua sauCdng tdc xdy dung dpi ngQ cdn bpvd gido vien Cbng tac xa> dung dpi ngii can bd, giao vien dugc xem la buoc di diu tien v a quydt dinfa ddo diit hrong dao tao \'iec tuyen cfa^ can bd dniyoi vien Argc tien hanh than tigag bd tri diing ngudi, dting viec phat huy dugc nang luc so trudng oia mdi can bd Ben canh dd, lanh dgo So Giao due va Dao tgo da tfaam muu vdi UBND tinh banfaanfacfainfa sacfa tfau faiit giao vien vimg cao, vimg sau uu dai giao vien gidi hpc sinh gidi ve cdog tac Dkn nam hgc 20(X>-2001, U)an tinh da khac phuc dupc tinfa trgng thieu giao vien nhat la giao vien o viing cao vimg sau, vimg xa, "tv If giao vien binfa quan d bgctieufagcla 1,5 giao vien/ ldp d hac trung bpc co sd la 1.85 giao vien/ldp d bac trung bgc { ^ tbdng la 2.1 giao vien ldp"' Chit lugng dpi ngu giao vien timg budc dugc nang len Nam hpc 1995-19%, ty- Ie giao vien hf tieu hpc dgt chuan la 85°'o, giao vien tnmg hpc CO sd la 90%, giao vien trung hpc | ^ didng la 97*''o'^ "Rieng nam 19%, toan nganh da cd 76 Iao ddng gidl cap tinfa 230 giao vien gidi cap tinh 750 giao vien gidi cap huyen, thi cap tnrdng; ^f^> pao vien dupc tang Huy chuong "\'i su nghifp giao due" D ^ nam hpc 2000-2001 toan tinh cd 3540°'o giao vien kha, gioi" Cdng tac bdi dudng ngfaiep vu cho giao vien dugc diy manh Tir nam i99~-2000 "tv If giao vien tieu hpc tfaam gia bdi dudng la 99%, giao vien trung bgc co sd la 99.5°/o, giao vien tnmg hoc phddidnglalOO%"'' Cdng tdc xdy dung he thdng trudng ldp Nganh giao duc-da> tao tinh da thuc hien nhieu giai phap ticfa cue de dua trudng ve gan dan "Tir ldp gi»ep tfaue nghifm tgi fauyen Da Bic (1991) vdi 98 hpc smb d ^ nara hgc 1995- u E TAPCHfUCHSIfDANG2-2017 1996 toan tinh da co 232 lop ghep voi tong so 4.949 hpc sinh"" Cac loai hinh tmong lop tiep tyc mo rpng nhu tmong tmng hpc ban cong, cac lop ban cong va hf thdng tradng lien c ^ H, IU de thu hut hpc sinh vao hpc Nam hpc 1997-1998, "toan tinh co tmong ban cong, 10 tmong lien cJp n-Hn, 19 tmong tmng hpc thong, khong huy?n nao khong CO tmong tmng hpc thong"'* va "8 tmong thong dan tpc npi tni voi tong so hpc sinh dan tpc tinh la 141.148 em"", xay dung them tmong thong dan tpc npi tai viing cap t^ xa Muong Chijng (Da BSc) va xS Hang Kia, Pa Co (Mai Chau) dap ling dupc nhu cau hpc tap Clia em cac dan tpc tinh Quy mo, so lupng cac phong hpc, lop hpc va hpc sinh thong ciing khong ngung dupc t ^ g len "Nam hpc 1991 -1992, tdng s6 phong hpc thong la 1.799, d&i nam hpc 1995-19% la 3.734 phong"" "S6 lop nSm hpc 1995-19% 14 6.549, dfti nam hpc 2000-2001 la 6.945 lop S6 lupng hpc sinh phd thong nam hpc 1995-19% 14184.030, d&i nam hpc 2000-2001 la 193.461 hpc sinh"" Cong tac cap giao dyc tieu hpc cung dat dupc tyu quan tipng Tinh den thang 101995, "toan tinh co 9/10 huy?n, thi, 203/213 xa, phudng da hoan cdng tac phd cap, dat ty 1? 95%; hpc sinh bd hpc, thit hpc cdn duoi 2%; da huy dpng dupc 95% sd tie tipng dd tudi ldp den tmdng; 18.000 ngudi den cac ldp xda mu chu"'^ Chdt lugng gido due bac tilu hpc: "Nam hpc 2000-2001, hpc sinh cd hpc l\rc lo^ gidi dat 8,78% (tang 0,53%), loai kha 28,55% (tang 4.48"'o); hpc sinh co hanh kilm loai tdt 65,28% (tang 12,14%), loai ylu, kem 0,68% (giam 0.04%) so vdi nam hpc 1999-2000 Thi cudi cjp tilu hpc dat 99,36%"" Bac tmng hpc co sd: "Nam hpc 2000-2001, sd hpc sinh cd hpc luc loai gidi dat 8,3% (tang 82 1,1%), loiii kha dat 35% (tang i%); h ^ Idem loai tdt 51,2% (tang 1.8%) lo?i kha 38,3% (tSng 10,3%) so vdi nam hpc 1999-2000 Ty 1? hpc sinh tdt n g h i ^ trang hpc co sd dai 94,06%"^ Bac ttung hpc phd Ihdng: "Nam hpc 20002001, hpc l\ic d?t lo?i gidi d?t 5.5% (Sng 1,2%), l o ^ kha 31,9% (tang 4,3%); hanh kiem km tdt 45,4% (tang 10,2%), loai kha la 35,1% (tang 11%) so vdi nam hpc 1999-2000 Ty 1? hpc sinh tdt nghi$p ttung hpc phd tfidng dat %,35%"^' Cdng tac tiien khai giao dyc miii nhpn ciing dupc nganh d^c bi$t quan tam "Nam hpc 19951996, sd hpc sinh doat giai qudc gia la 61 em, vdi giai nhat, 15 giai nhi, 43 giai ba va giai khuyin khich, tinh Hda Binh dSn dSu bang B (gdm cac tinh mien niii, Tay Nguyen vi Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long) v& so lupng hpc sinh dpat giai va chat lupng cic giai"" "Nam hpc 2000-2001, tinh Hda Bmh cd 64 hpc sinh d^t giai qudc gia, vdi giai nhSt, 17 giai nhi, 26 giii ba va 20 giai khuyen khich va tiep tyc diing diu bang B ve sd lupng hpc sinh do^t giai"^ Cong tdc ddu tu ca sa vgt chdt, trang thiet bf phuc vu gido diic Nam 1991, tinh cd tien 20% so ttudng, ldp dupc xSy dung kien cd va may vi tinh d$t t^i Tmdng tmng hpc phd tfidng Hpang Van Thy Co sd vat chit, tiang thilt bi cho ttudng hpc dupc lang cudng, "tir 1991-1996, loan nganh da xay dyng dupc them tien 50 nha cap ling, hang ttam nha gd cip lpp ngdi, nang tdng sd phdng kien cd, viing chic len tdi 3.785 phdng, chiem 67,8% Trang bj gin 200 miy vi tinh de day tin hpc cho hpc sinh, xay dyng phdng hpc ngpai ngu hi?n dai, 150 tfiu vi?n tiirdng hpc dai chuan va hang chyc van bin sach giao khoa diing chung, sich tfiam khao cho giio vien va hpc sinh"^* "Nam hpc 2000-2001 da xay dyng mdi 468 phdng hpc, hi sira 536 phdng hpc, loan tinh da cd 30% ttudng ldp cao ting THJCTISN-KINHNGHIEM 40% ban kien cd, 100% ttudng ttung hpc co sd va ttung hpc phd tfidng dupc xay dung cao ting Hang nam tinh ttich 6-10% tdng kinh phi cia Dganh d l mua sim sach giao khoa, tiang Ihiet In, liing buai Quang Kinh vil£|)lM tac gia: Giao { i r H^ \ pao vien dupc tang Huy chuong "''i su nghifp giao due" D ^ nam hpc 2000 -2001 toan tinh cd 3540°''o giao vien kha, gioi" Cdng tac bdi dudng ngfaiep vu cho giao vien dugc